Browsing by Author "Bamaiyi, Pwaveno H."
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- ItemThe economic impact attributable to brucellosis among goat farms in Peninsula Malaysia and cost benefit analysis(Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2015-01) Bamaiyi, Pwaveno H.;Brucellosis is known to cause economic losses to livestock farmers around the world. The amount of direct economic loss suffered by farmers has not been reported in Malaysia. This study reports the cost benefit analysis of goat farming and the economic impact attributable to brucellosis in goat farms in four states of Malaysia. Data about production indices and management was collected from farms through interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The cost-benefit analysis of goat farming in Malaysia shows that it is a profitable business with 42 farms yielding about RM 2 million (USD 645,161.29) a month. Comparing fifteen farms from the four states when they had no brucellosis infection and after they were infected with brucellosis using the culling of the goats and farm value as criteria the fifteen farms had a financial loss of at least RM 156,212.50 (USD 50,391.13) which was found to be significant (P<0.05) at 95% confidence level using Wilcoxon signed rank test with IBM SPSS version 20. There was no significant difference in the economic impact on the farms between the various states at 95% confidence level using Kruskal-Wallis test with IBM SPSS version 20. Based on reported seroprevalence rate of 2.9% using complement fixation test it was estimated that annually the economic impact due to caprine brucellosis was RM7,974263.8 (USD 2,572343.1). This study highlights the colossal waste to the economy due to caprine brucellosis and underscores the urgent need to take more drastic measures to eradicate brucellosis in Malaysia through a combination of test and slaughter policy with vaccination of goats and a total ban on importation of live goats into Malaysia from any endemic country.
- ItemIsolation and Antibiogram of Salmonella spp. from Quails in a Farm from Kelantan, Malaysia(Journal of veterinary Advances, Global Researchers Journals, 2015-12-30) Bamaiyi, Pwaveno H.Salmonellosis is a major public health problem around the world affecting both animals and humans. A study was carried out to elucidate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and antibiogram of the isolates in quails in a commercial farm located in Kelantan, Malaysia using cloacal swabs and standard isolation techniques for Salmonella species and the standard disk diffusion method for the antibiotic sensitivity tests. Ninety quails in two groups of 45 each, aged 3 weeks and 2 months, were sampled using sterile cotton swabs and transport media. The results showed that the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the quails was 11.11% (CI= 6.19, 19.28) and all the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in birds aged 3 weeks compared with the birds aged 2 months using Chi square at 95% confidence level. The positive identification of Salmonella spp. in quails may have public health implications due to the rising outbreak of Salmonella spp. associated food poisoning cases. The resistance of the Salmonella spp. to ampicillin which is a common antibiotic in man and animals adds weight to the growing call for the prudent use of antibiotics in human and animal populations around the globe. Farms and food handlers should maintain strict hygiene to protect public health at all times.
- ItemPrevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review(International Journal of One Health. Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences Ishaka, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000 Kampala, Uganda, 2016-09) Bamaiyi, Pwaveno H.Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory. The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.