Neuroprotective potential of lantana trifolium ethanolic extract against ethambutol induced changes in the optic nerve
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Date
2017-10
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Kampala International University.College of Health Science
Abstract
Introduction: Ethambutol (EMB) has been discovered as an anti-tuberculosis drug since 1960,
and is now very important in treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis which is on a rise due
to emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. However, EMB has been associated with
severe side effects including optic neuropathy with no preventive and treatment measures.
Purpose: To establish the protective potential of Lantana trifolium ethanolic extract against
EMB induced optic nerve changes.
Materials and Methods: Experimental design involving 25 male adult Wistar rats of 110-130g
average weight, divided into five groups each comprising five animals. All rats were fed on
standard commercial rat pellets and water ad libitum for five weeks. Group A, the negative
control received distilled water. Group B, the positive control was treated with EMB 100
mg/kg/day. Test groups C, D, and E were treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day of trifolium
Extract (TE) respectively, one hour before administering 100 mg/kg/day of EMB. Visual acuity
during the 15
\ 3rd, and 5th week was determined by the mean escape latencies obtained using a
modified Moris water maze. Optic nerves were macroscopically examined for gross
morphological changes. The optic nerves were excised, processed and stained using Luxol fast
blue, Hematoxlyin and Eosin for histological studies. A light microscope (x40) was used to
examine optic nerve histological changes and ImageJ for analysis.
Results and Discussion: Lantana trifolium ethanolic extract had a dose dependent protective
potential against EMB induced changes. This was shown by the significant difference in visual
acuity during the 5th week. There was a significant increase in the escape latenc,ies of positive
control group (9.65±1.22) when compared with those of the negative control group (4.35±0.50),
EMB +50mg/kg TE group (4.85±0.65), and EMB + l00mg/kg TE group (3.6±0.38). The
neuroprotective effect was further shown by the significant difference in histological changes.
The protective potential of Latana trifolium is likely due to the anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory activities.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Lantana trifolium ethanolic extract has a dose dependent
neuroprotective potential against EMB induced changes in the optic nerve. Since the exact
phytochemical component and mechanism of action responsible for this effect are not known,
further studies to find this out are strongly recommended.
Key Words: Ethambutol, Optic Nerve, Lantana trifolium, Optic Neuropathy.
Description
Research dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a master of Science in Anatomy of Kampala International University, Uganda
Keywords
Neuroprotective, Potential, Lantana, Trifolium