Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing Journal Articles by Title
Now showing 1 - 20 of 227
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Item2015 Outbreak of Canine Rabies in Malaysia: Review, Analysis and Perspectives(Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2015-12-30) Bamaiyi Pwaveno H.Rabies is an acute fatal zoonotic encephalitis caused by a Lyssavirus belonging to the family rhabdoviridae responsible for about 69000 deaths annually. In July, 2015 Malaysia lost its rabies free status due to an outbreak of canine rabies that started from Perlis state and later moved to Kedah and Pulau Pinang states of Malaysia. This study was carried out to review available data on rabies and determine the incidence of rabies during the outbreak, the susceptible population of dogs, the number of dogs culled, the number of dogs vaccinated and lessons that can be learned from the outbreak using data principally from the OIE and other public domain sources. Statistical calculations employed chi square analysis at 95% confidence level using SPSS version 22. The incidence of rabies was 0.10% (CI= 0.05%, 0.18%). There was significant difference (P<0.0001) between the number of cases, number of susceptible dogs, number of dogs destroyed and number of dogs vaccinated between the 3 states in Malaysia with Perlis having the highest number of cases, Kedah having the highest number of susceptible dogs, Pulau Pinang having the highest number of culled dogs but with the least number of vaccinated dogs and Kedah having the highest number of vaccinated dogs. Perlis had the highest number of cases followed by Pulau Pinang. Kedah with the highest number of vaccinations recorded only 1 case of rabies. There was no case of human rabies despite numerous dog bite cases during the outbreak. The proximity of the 3 states especially Perlis to a rabies endemic country must have led to the outbreak of the infection. Mass vaccination of dogs along with short term targeted culling is important in stopping rabies outbreaks. Territories within close proximity to endemic locations must maintain more surveillance against transboundary diseases like rabies. Post exposure prophylaxis is necessary immediately after exposure to rabies to prevent human infection.
- Item3D Printing Technology – Applications, Benefits and areas of opportunity in Nigeria(IJAAR, 2017-03) Oluwole, Raji, IbrahimThree-dimensional (3D) printing technology, often referred to as additive manufacturing differs from traditional manufacturing processes in that 3D objects are built by successively creating layers of material on top of each other. Since development in 1980s, 3D printing has undergone technological transformation that could fundamentally alter production processes in a wide set of applicable areas. Despite the accelerated advancement, both in academic research and industrial application that 3D printing technology has witnessed in diverse areas of human endeavor especially in advanced countries; the technology is relatively at its infant stage in developing countries like Nigeria. Thus, this work attempts to address the underrepresentation of research that is specifically concerned with the impacts that 3D printing can make in diverse sectors in developing countries like Nigeria. It addresses this issue by focusing its investigations on the applications of the technology, derivable benefits from the application of the technology as well as diverse areas where 3D printing can present a great deal of opportunities for Nigeria.
- ItemAcademic Challenges faced by Students in Higher Education during COVID-19 Pandemic(2020-07) Uzorka, Afam; Makeri, Yakubu AjijiThis research examines academic challenges faced by students in Higher Education during COVID-19 pandemic. The population of the study consisted of undergraduates, postgraduates and lecturers in selected universities in Uganda. The researchers adopted qualitative approach which involved the use of questionnaire and interview. 120 students and 10 lecturers participated in the study. Questionnaires using a 5 point Likert-scale were administered to all 120 respondents while interviews were conducted with 5 undergraduates, 5 postgraduates and 10 lecturers. Data analyses indicated seven main academic challenges faced by students in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic namely: lack of e-learning facilities, financial constrain, Conducive environment, teachers attitude, learning new skills, lack of interest and stress and anxiety. Based on the findings, there is need for adjustment requiring all tiers of education to respond to a new and evolving strategy in order to have a continuous flow in education process, making education accessible, affordable, anytime and anywhere, mitigating and restraining the effects of any gaps created by any form of disruption in education system
- ItemAcceptance of Electronic Health Record for Improving Quality of Health Service Delivery: Case Study of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.(Kampala International University, 2017) Shehu, Ibrahim; Kinene Nsereko, Amaal; Shamsudeen A., SanniThis study investigated acceptance of EHRs for Improving Quality of Health Service Delivery at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, which is the largest teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria. Findings indicated that study participants accept and use EHRs in order to enhance their job performance and believed that the system is very useful in their work. EHRs improves Service Quality and most of the antecedents of technology adoption (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions) are significantly correlated (p<.01, p<.05) with Quality of EHRs, but fall short with Employee Satisfaction.Acceptance of EHRs has brought tremendous changes to the healthcare service and there is need to upgrade the functionality of the EHRs for sustainability.
- ItemAcquisition and management of serials in selected academic libraries in Edo state of Nigeria(University of Dar es Salaam Library, 2019-05-23) Idhalama, Ogagaoghene Uzezi; Obi, Alexander IfeayiThis study investigated acquisition and management of serials in academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria. Four (4) research objectives were formulated for this study. These were to: determine how serial collections are acquired in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria; investigate how serials are organized for easy retrieval in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria; find out how serials are preserved in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria; and solicit solutions for improving the management of serials in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a total of 14 (fourteen) academic libraries in Edo State from which a sample of 173 respondents was generated using a total enumeration sampling technique. The study used a structured questionnaire; the copies were completed and returned by 57.8% of the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages (%), mean (X), and standard deviation (SD) to meet the study’s objectives. The study’s results have revealed that academic libraries in the study area acquire serials through various methods and use various means to organize them for easy retrieval. The libraries also use various methods to preserve their serials. Regarding improving serial management, the study findings have come up with a number of ways to do so. Based on the findings, the study recommends among others that academic curriculum should be enriched with serial skill acquisition and management contents; and academic libraries should consider acquiring more e-serials because it is very easy to manage and do not get damaged.
- ItemAcute care surgery in Rwanda: Operative epidemiology and geographic variations in access to care(Elsevier Inc, 2015) Kyamanywa, PatrickBackground. Surgical management of emergent, life-threatening diseases is an important public health priority. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe acute care general surgery procedures performed at the largest referral hospital in Rwanda and (2) understand the geographic distribution of disease presentations and referral patterns. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected acute care surgery cases performed at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) in Rwanda between June 1 and December 1, 2011. Using Pearson’s v 2 test and the Fisher exact test, we compared cases originating from within Kigali and transfers from other provinces. Geospatial analyses also were used to further describe transfer patterns. Results. During the study period, 2,758 surgical interventions were performed, of which 25.6% (707/ 2,758) were general surgery operations. Of these, 45.4% (321/707) met the definition of acute care surgery. Only about one-third---32.3% (92/285)---of patients resided within Kigali, whereas about twothirds--- 67.7% (193/285)---were transferred from other provinces. Most patients transferred from other provinces were younger than 18 years of age (40.4%; 78/193), and 83.0% (39/47) of patients older than 50 years of age originated from outside of Kigali. Specific operative indications and surgical procedures varied substantially between patients from Kigali and patients transferred from other provinces. Conclusion. Emergency surgical conditions remain important contributors to the global burden of disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Geographic variations exist in terms of operative diagnoses and procedures, which implies a need for improved access to surgical care at the district level with defined transfer mechanisms to greater-level care facilities when needed.
- ItemAdjusting to Deliver Quality Education in Response to COVID-19(2020-07) Uzorka Afam, Ajiji Makere YakubuWith school closure across the globe due to coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), students can continue their education through e-learning platforms.
- ItemAdoption and use of e- technologies in selected commercial banks in Uganda(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013) Conrad, Mubaraka M; Uba, Zacharia; Gokyalya, SolomeThis reports the findings of the study issues concerning the adoption and use of e-technologies in selected commercial banks in Uganda. This study investigates the use of e-technologies services and research framework is based on adoption and usefulness of e-technologies to banks in Uganda. This theory survey was conducted to gather the data on adoption and use of e-technologies. Using a cross sectional survey design, the researchers found that much as most E-technologies are in place in these banks, there is still low level of adoption due to low levels of IT exposure by both bank staff and customers. The researchers thus recommend that several on the job training sessions be organized for staff and go extra mile to train customers as well
- ItemAdoption of E-Learning technologies in education Institutions/organizations: A Literature Review(Kampala International University, 2017-10-25) Kimwise, AloneAlthough the advent of E-Learning Technologies presents the best cost effective strategy to teaching and learning, the success of these innovations primarily depends on their adoption. Investment in E-Learning Technologies alone by different institutions/organizations is not enough as its full benefits can only be realized from their full utilization. E-Learning Technologies if well utilized have the capacity to enhance students critical thinking, eliminate geographical barriers, support lifelong learning, reduce costs and increase efficiency at education institutions. E-Learning Technologies are technologies which are based on the backbone of ICT infrastructure. For this reason the Information & Communication Technology adoption models are useful in explaining E-Learning Technologies adoption. A number of models/theories which explain and predict user behaviors and intentions to adopt technologies have been advanced. For this discussion the following models were selected and analyzed, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the origin technology acceptance model (TAM), the TOE framework & the revised TAM model.
- ItemAdoption of e-learning technologies in education institutions/organizations: a literature review(Asian Journal of Educational Research, 2017-10-25) Kimwise, Alone; Jehopio, Peter; Maiga, GilbertAlthough the advent of E-Learning Technologies presents the best cost effective strategy to teaching and learning, the success of these innovations primarily depends on their adoption. Investment in E-Learning Technologies alone by different institutions/organizations is not enough as its full benefits can only be realized from their full utilization. E-Learning Technologies if well utilized have the capacity to enhance students critical thinking, eliminate geographical barriers, support lifelong learning, reduce costs and increase efficiency at education institutions. E-Learning Technologies are technologies which are based on the backbone of ICT infrastructure. For this reason the Information & Communication Technology adoption models are useful in explaining E-Learning Technologies adoption. A number of models/theories which explain and predict user behaviors and intentions to adopt technologies have been advanced. For this discussion the following models were selected and analyzed, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the origin technology acceptance model (TAM), the TOE framework & the revised TAM model.
- ItemAdoption of e–tax services in Uganda: a model of citizen–based factors(Inderscience Publishers, 2013) Maiga, Gilbert; Asianzu, ElizabethDiverse benefits of e–government services are linked to its adoption and usage. E–government adoption rates in economically transiting countries remain low and so its benefits are not fully realised. This is partly due to governments focusing largely on technical supply–side factors with little emphasis on the demand or citizens' perspective of e–government adoption. The result has been a gap between what is offered and what is consumed. This paper presents the results of a study that develops a model for e–tax service adoption as an attempt to bridge the gap for this segment of e–government. Requirements for the model elicited in a field study are used to extend the technology acceptance model (TAM) which emphasizes citizen–based factors for e–tax adoption. The extended model has dimensions of adoption benefits, trust, attitudes, education, compatibility, awareness, accessibility, training, user support and local language use. It is generic and reusable for other countries in similar context.
- ItemAnalysis of Stakeholder’s Perspectives towards Conservation of National Park, Northern Province, Rwanda(IJIRSET, 2017-09) Nsengumuremyi, Concorde; Mbatudde, Maria; Imanishimwe, AngeThe management and sustainable use of Protected Areas Management Policy in Rwanda is of great interest to many stakeholders. This study was conducted from May to August, 2016 to find out local communities and other stakeholders perceptions towards co-management of Volcanoes National Park of Rwanda (VNP). The sample size of the study was 81 respondents including neighbouring rural community from two sectors that depend on using the VNP usually illegally and the key respondents from institutions and local leaders whose resources assist the VNP management. The findings indicated that stakeholders have different perspectives on co-management activities of VNP. Some of interviewed farmers especially those bordering VNP in Kinigi and Shingiro sectors of Musanze District showed negative attitude where they are not willing to perform agriculture on their lands because of crop destruction by wild animals from the park. Both the level of synergy and approaches used were moderate by scale used as indicated by the study findings. The study findings indicated that there is no relationship between stakeholder’s perspectives and co-management of VNP (r=0.145, P>0.05). It was noted that stakeholders express various challenges such as lack of enough alternative solutions to the problems met by rural community and low level of participation in decision making. There is a need to find ways in which local leaders could be taken on a tour of operational and Park-people policy guidelines need to be formulated that will define roles of local stakeholders in protected area activities and programs.
- ItemAnalysis of supporting communication as a correlate of online consumer decision process in municipal local government of Kano state, Nigeria(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2013) Sharifai, Musa Gambo; Zakari, Uba; Mubaraka, Conrad MConsumer decision making process is an important aspect of business management, both managers and academicians strive to study and understand the conscious processes that underline the decision to purchase a product or service by consumers. This paper is an attempt to study the correlation between supporting communications and how they affect the on-line consumer decision making process in Kano Municipal local government of Kano State. The paper made use of both primary sources of data through the use of researcher designed questionnaires and secondary sources in form of books, journals and articles from the internet. Findings show that such technological advancements are timely, but effort be made to entice users into adoption and use of them; hence recommending further awareness and consideration of Porter’s five forces
- ItemAnalysis of teachers’ qualifications on the internal efficiency of primary schools in central Equatoria State, South Sudan(Kampala International University, 2017-07) Ochan, Joseph; Imbuki, KennedyThis paper investigated the effect of teachers’ qualifications on the internal efficiency of primary schools in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews from a sample of 443 teachers drawn from 40 primary schools in the study area. A reconstructed cohort of 5668 pupils who matriculated in 2002 and graduated in 2011 was used. Data was analysed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels using means, t statistics and regression analysis . It was established that higher teachers’ qualifications raise the level of internal efficiency. The wastage rate for primary education was found to be high. The teachers’ qualifications were found to be the best predictor of the schools’ internal efficiency. It was concluded that the higher the quality of teachers, the higher would be the level of internal efficiency. Therefore, it was recommended that the Central Equatorial State government should intensify efforts to train teachers. Seminars and workshop could be organized for teachers in order to acquaint them with the modern methods of teaching. Employment of teaching staff should be anchored on technical expertise. Government should also intensify staff development by sending teachers for further training in order to acquire advanced knowledge and skills that will enable them to perform their jobs better and, therefore, improve the internal efficiency of their schools.
- ItemAndroid platform for machine translation -a focus on Yorùbá Language(American Journal of Computation, Communication and Control 2018; 5(1): 16-23, 2018-01) Olaide, Fagbolu Olutola; Kayode, Alese Boniface; Adewale, Olumide Sunday; Adetunmbi, Adebayo OlusolaAndroid platform provides useful words and phrases in English language, with translations in Yorùbá language, for the use of visitors to places where the language is spoken; it can be likened to bilingual dictionary of English-Yorùbá. It is developed on Mobile platform for easier accessibility, convenience and portability. Rough Set Theory (RST) is the mathematical tool used in decision support and data analysis of words or phrases that are to be translated. Comparisons between query that is, word or phrase to be translated, are made with the created corpus, using RST. Programming tools employed for mobile platform are JDK 6, Apache Ant 1.8 or later, Android Software Development Kit, Eclipse Integrated Development Environment, Android Developer and Android Studio while latest technologies such as PHP, Mysql,. net, Mssql 2005, 2008, Ajax techies, C#. It brings the usefulness of Information Technology to the doorstep of non- Yorùbá tourists or learners who wish to converse, make friends with Yorùbá people or transact business with Yorùbá indigenes that are not literate. It was found after its deployment to be intelligible and accurate with minimal errors. New words and expressions that are suitable for situations, legislation, science, engineering, commerce, computing, mass communication and other sphere of life were created in a large number.
- ItemAntecedents of statistics anxiety in a higher education system(Department of Economics and Applied Statistics, College of Economics and Management Sciences, Kampala International University, 2018-08) Mwebesa, Edson; Sumil, Novembrieta; Musinguzi, DansonThis study contended that learning statistics and its rudiments were perceived as complicated compared to some other courses offered at the university level. Further, this investigation contested the existence of statistics anxiety among postgraduate students in an in-site university setting. Relationships and differences were determined in this study utilizing the constructs of antecedents of statistics anxiety namely academic procrastination, perfectionism, and gender. The objectives were (1) to establish the relationship between academic procrastination and statistics anxiety; (2) to find out the relationship between perfectionism and statistics anxiety; and (3) to investigate the differences between gender and statistics anxiety. The data from randomly selected 136 postgrad students (Kampala International University, Uganda) referring to dispositional (procrastination and perfectionism) and environmental antecedents (gender) and statistics anxiety were scientifically elicited, processed and analyzed utilizing the quantitativepost positivist’s research paradigm model. The findings revealed a positive but insignificant relationship between academic procrastination and statistics anxiety; a significant adverse correlation between perfectionism and statistics anxiety; an insignificant positive correlation existed between gender and statistics anxiety, and differences in statistics anxiety between the female and male students existed. Notably from the results then, academic procrastination did not significantly affect the students’ statistics anxiety; the students with higher levels of perfectionism tended to have lower levels of statistics anxiety while the levels of statistics anxiety among the female students were slightly greater than that of the male students.
- ItemAntibacterial Activity of Lactobacillus spp and Lactococcus spp Isolated from Various Parts of Pebbly Fish, Alestes baremoze(Fakruddin, Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST),, 2016) Kato, Charles D; Kahuma, Carol E; Namulawa, Victoria T.; Kasozi, Nasser; Kahuma, Carol EThe study sought to identify microbial communities and potential probiotics in one of the popular fish species, Alestes baremoze. A total of 15 samples were collected from Lake Albert and swabs of the skin, gills and gut were made, and cultured on general purpose and selective media. The bacteria isolated were confirmed using morphological and biochemical tests while probiotic screening was done using the agar spot method. The prevalent potential pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (100%) and Escherichia coli (67.7%). The highest total microbial load was generally recorded for samples from the skin. Staphylococcus spp had the highest total microbial load recorded from all the samples (skin, 8.50±22.1x102 cfu/g and gills, 8.00±24.3x102 cfu/g). When the effect of potential probiotic genera (Lactobacillus spp and Lactococcus spp) isolated from skin, gills and gut was investigated, Lactobacillus spp showed the highest overall activity against all test pathogens. The highest activity for Lactobacillus spp was demonstrated against E. coli (15.4±0.19 mm) and S. aureus (14.0±0.17 mm). The highest activity for Lactococcus spp was demonstrated against S. aureus (8.7±0.12 mm) and E. coli (7.2±0.1 mm). Furthermore, no probiotic activity was recorded against Streptococcus spp and Pseudomonas spp. No significant (p> 0.05) differences in antimicrobial activity were noted using Lactic acid bacteria isolated from the different fish body parts. Based on the positive results from this study, Lactobacillus spp. should be further characterised and studied in challenge experiments in fish to explore its probiotic effects.
- ItemAntibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Barn Swallow Droppings in Ishaka Town, Uganda(Science and Education Publishing, 2016) Okullu, Tonny; Onchweri, Albert Nyanchoka; Miruka, Conrad Ondieki; Eilu, Emmanuel; Abimana, Justus B.; Nyabayo, Maniga JosephatConsiderable concern has been raised over the problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria from humans and farm animals. However, in spite of this concern, the spread of resistance into wider ecosystems has not received the desired attention. The transfer of antibiotic resistance to wildlife is an important risk for environmental health. Detection of resistance to antibiotics in populations of wild animals usually entails examination of isolates of the common intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli. Bird populations sympatric to areas with human settlements and areas that have high density of livestock are colonised with antibiotic resistant E. coli strains. Data regarding occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in African domestic and wild mammals is very limited. There is therefore a need to carry out studies in other parts of the African continent to find out if sympatric animals represent a possible reservoir for antibiotic resistant microbes. This study was therefore carried out to analyze faecal samples from barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) droppings in Ishaka Town, Uganda, for the presence of antibiotic resistant E. coli strains. Results of the study showed that, out of the one hundred and sixteen (116) fecal samples of Barn Swallow droppings collected, twenty seven isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained. All the 27 isolates (100%) were resistant to one or more of the tested antibiotics. Out of the 27 isolates, 20 (74.1%) were multi-drug resistant isolates (resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials). Such birds can act as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant microbes if enough attention is not given to the problem. Further research is recommended to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from barn swallows residing in other parts of the country and even on the continent and the whole world at large.
- ItemAnticonvulsant and toxicity effects of ethanolic extract of Thevetia Peruviana (Pers.) leaves(Premier Publishers, 2016) Izo, Ninsiima Herbert; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Okello, SamuelEpilepsy is a neurologic condition due to disordered firing of brain neurons characterised by seizures. Most currently available antiepileptic drugs are synthetic and do not offer a complete cure yet with devastating side effects. Studies have shown that extracts from certain plants can produce anticonvulsant effects and may, therefore be useful against epileptic seizures. To investigate anticonvulsant effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Thevetia peruviana on chemically induced seizures in Wister rats. Leaves of T. peruviana were pulverised and extracted with ethanol. Graded doses of the ethanolic extract were used to test for the anticonvulsant effect of the extract using pentylenetetrazole model of seizures in rats. Acute toxicity testing and phytochemical analysis were done using Lorke’s method. Graded doses of T. peruviana leaf extract significantly delayed onset of seizures. They protected animals from death due to pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic seizures. There was no death up to 3000mg/kg. The extract was found to be rich in essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloid, phenols, proteins and resins. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of T. peruviana contains compounds with anticonvulsant effects since it protected the animals from death and delayed the onset of seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole and that is relatively safe.
- ItemAnticonvulsant and toxicity effects of ethanolic extract of Thevetia Peruviana (Pers.) leaves(Kampala International University, 2016) Ninsiima Herbert Izo; Kirimuhuzya Claude; Okello SamuelEpilepsy is a neurologic condition due to disordered firing of brain neurons characterised by seizures. Most currently available antiepileptic drugs are synthetic and do not offer a complete cure yet with devastating side effects. Studies have shown that extracts from certain plants can produce anticonvulsant effects and may, therefore be useful against epileptic seizures. To investigate anticonvulsant effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Thevetia peruviana on chemically induced seizures in Wister rats. Leaves of T. peruviana were pulverised and extracted with ethanol. Graded doses of the ethanolic extract were used to test for the anticonvulsant effect of the extract using pentylenetetrazole model of seizures in rats. Acute toxicity testing and phytochemical analysis were done using Lorke’s method. Graded doses of T. peruviana leaf extract significantly delayed onset of seizures. They protected animals from death due to pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic seizures. There was no death up to 3000mg/kg. The extract was found to be rich in essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloid, phenols, proteins and resins. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of T. peruviana contains compounds with anticonvulsant effects since it protected the animals from death and delayed the onset of seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole and that is relatively safe.