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Drug Abuse and Academic Performance among Secondary School Students in Yaqshid District, Somalia
(2024) Dahir Barre Mohamed
This study examined the effects of drug abuse on academic performance among secondary school students in Yaqshid District, Somalia. This study attempted to achieve the following objectives: to determine the effects of Khat (Mira) use on the academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District; to assess the effects of tobacco use on the academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District, and to examine the effects of marijuana use on academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District, Somalia. The study was based on three theories that are the Theory of Planned Behavior, Modified Social Stress Model and the Social Learning Theory. This study applied embedded mixed design which involves the collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data, with one form of data playing a supportive role to the other and it allowed the use of various data collection methods such as observation, questionnaires, guided interview and documentation which were used in collecting the data of this study. The target population for this study was 790 respondents from this is where a sample size of 314 respondents was determined by the Slovene’s formula and this study was respondents. Data analysis was divided into two main sections: quantitative and qualitative. The study findings shows that drug abuse accounted for 61.2% of Students’ academic performance in Yaqshid district and this was indicated by adjusted r squared of 0.612, this implies that drug abuse significantly affect the Students’ academic performance in Yaqshid district, and this is indicated by the F-value = 5.168, and Sig= 0.001. The coefficients table indicated that of all the aspects of drug abuse , Tobacco accounted for the biggest influence of Students’ academic performance in Yaqshid district (β=0.513, Sig=0. 001). The study concluded that among secondary school students in Somalia drug abuse is quite rampant both in the types, quantity and the frequency of use. The drugs and substances mostly abused were identified as Khat. The study further identified the factors which increase the cases of drug abuse among the students as drug and substance abuse history in the family, peer pressure, frustration at home and too much pocket money. Further, it was found out that drug and substance abuse among the students adversely affect their academic and social development. Finally, the study found that several interventions to curb drug and substance abuse at the school level have been adopted in most schools. From the findings and conclusions made the study recommended that all schools should set up guidance and counselling offices facilitated by professionals to counsel students who indulge in drug abuse. This will help take care of the students with emotional needs that they wish to share in confidence but lack the platform to do so and in return end up turning to drug abuse. Principals also should invite specialists often to talk to students on dangers of drug abuse.
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Beyond State Sovereignty and Responsibility to Protect: Exploring Mechanisms for Enforcing Human Rights in Uganda
(2024) Beinomugisha alexander
This research explores mechanisms for enforcing human rights in Uganda, moving beyond traditional concepts of state sovereignty and the Responsibility to Protect. Despite Uganda having a good legal framework on human rights enforcement, it has failed to progressively realize the fundamental human rights and shields behind the clock of sovereignty, the study investigates the responsibility of Uganda as a sovereign state in protection of human rights viz-a-viz mechanisms for enforcing human rights as well as the legal and institutional framework on human rights and its efficacy, challenges and opportunities in enforcing human rights. The study used a doctrinal research methodology analyzing the primary and secondary sources of data. The study found out that the human rights environment in Uganda is unstable due introduction of claw back and restrictive human rights laws. The study concluded that in exploring the landscape of human rights enforcement in Uganda beyond state sovereignty and Responsibility to Protect, it becomes evident that a multifaceted approach is essential, while traditional framework emphasis state accountability, they often overlook the complexes of local contexts. The study thus recommended that there is a need for diplomatic engagement, capacity building and strengthening of the legal framework.
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Child Labour and Female Education Rights in Waberi District, Somalia.
(2024) Badria Nur Mohamed
The study aimed at examining the effects of child labor on the education rights of female primary students in Waberi-Somalia, based on the Structural Strains theory. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of child labor on education enrolment of female students in primary schools in Waberi District, Somalia, to assess the effect of child labor on education retention of female students in primary schools in Waberi District, Somalia, and to examine the effect of child labor on the educational performance of female students in primary schools in Waberi District, Somalia. The study was based on both Structural Strains theory and Idealistic Theory of Rights. A sample size of 232 households was selected out of a target population of 550 using Slovene's formula. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and interviews. The study found that the effect of child labor on the education enrollment of female students was significant (mean = 2.96). Addressing child labor and promoting girls' access to quality education were identified as crucial areas for intervention. The findings also revealed a substantial impact of child labor on education retention (mean = 2.87). Recommendations included addressing child labor, providing financial incentives, creating safe learning environments, and challenging gender norms. The study indicated a noteworthy effect of child labor on the educational performance of female students (mean = 2.87). Mitigating this impact requires addressing child labor practices, providing academic support, and creating an environment conducive to balancing responsibilities. The study concluded that child labor negatively affects pupils' performance, attendance, and access to scholastic materials. Child labor primarily targets poverty-affected and vulnerable children. The existing laws on child protection need reinforcement, and efforts should focus on eliminating child labor to ensure a promising next generation and align with Sustainable Development Goals. From the findings and conclusions made the student recommended that the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development should lead coordination efforts, enact stringent laws against child labor, and ensure effective enforcement. More so the National Committee on Child Labor should guide, sensitize, and support programs against child labor, integrating concerns into policy reviews, plans, budgets, and activities. Furthermore, the Child Labor Unit should coordinate the implementation of anti-child labor program activities at the focal point. The study highlights the urgency of addressing child labor to improve educational outcomes and underscores the importance of collaboration between government agencies, committees, and local communities in tackling this pervasive issue in Waberi, Somalia. The recommendations aim to pave the way for a more promising future and align with broader development goals.
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Armed Conflict and Violence against Women in Mabaan County, “Upper Nile State” South Sudan
(2024) Amina Alsir Nango Bilal
The study sought to examine the armed conflict and violence against women in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, and South Sudan. The study was guided by the following objectives; to establish the effect of Armed conflict in sexual violence in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan, to examine the effect of armed conflict on forced marriages in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan and to examine the effect of armed conflict on women abductions in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. The study applied a descriptive correlation research design which was used because it brought out in-depth insight regarding the study variables. The study population involved 140 participants where 5 top managers, 2 officials from human resource department, 12 employees or staff and 121 were the remaining selected women residents were available. The study's findings revealed a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of 0.972, indicating a robust and positive relationship between armed conflict and sexual violence. The significance level of 0.00 strongly rejected the null hypothesis, suggesting a significant association between these two variables. Consequently, the adoption of the alternative hypothesis was necessitated, indicating that armed conflict indeed had a substantial and positive correlation with sexual violence. The study concludes that, a compelling association between armed conflict and increased instances of sexual violence against women. The statistical data, particularly the strong correlation coefficient and its significance, emphasized the profound impact of conflict on the prevalence of sexual violence. These findings underscore the urgent need for robust preventive measures and interventions to safeguard women against the heightened risk of sexual violence during conflict. The study recommends that there is need to improve the collection and reporting of data regarding incidents of sexual violence during armed conflicts. Accurate and comprehensive data will provide a clearer understanding of the nature and extent of these incidents, aiding in developing targeted interventions. It was recommended that there is need to develop and implement preventive programs that focus on addressing the root causes of sexual violence during conflict. And long-term reforms on the leadership aspect, especially reinforcing administrative accountability so that it can remain and contribute to the socioeconomic aspects of the country.
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Accountability and Socio-Economic Development in Middle Shabelle Region, Somalia
(2024) Ali Abdi Yusuf
This research aimed at investigating the effects of accountability on socio-economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. The objectives were to examine the effects of political accountability on socio-economic development, to determine the effects of administrative accountability on socio-economic development, and to find out the effects of legal accountability on socio-economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. This research study was underpinned by the liberalism theory stated by John Locke (1632–1704). The researcher used a correlational research design to establish the facts regarding political instability and economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. Data from the questionnaires were edited, coded, and entered into a computer, and the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) program was used to analyze it. The test of significance for the regression model was determined by using ANOVA. The coefficient of determination, (r2), was the square of the sample correlation coefficient between outcomes and predicted values. Findings showed that the results on the Pearson's Linear Coefficient Correlation showed that r = 0.298, Sig. value = 0.005 < P value at 0.05. The overall mean reveals that the effects of legal accountability on socio-economic development in Somalia had a mean rate of 2.88 and a standard deviation of 0.78, estimated at 78%, and was high. Additionally, the results on the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were r = 0.493, Sig. value = 0.000 < P value at 0.05. The researcher concluded that political accountability is one of the fundamental prerequisites for successful socio-economic development in a country. The researcher recommended that the Federal Government of Somalia should undertake serious and long-term reforms on the leadership aspect, especially reinforcing administrative accountability so that it can remain and contribute to the socioeconomic aspects of the country.