KIU Institutional Repository
Research and publications for Kampala International University Community
Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Item
Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapies for HIV Treatment and Prevention: Efficacy and Implementation
(Newport International Journal of Biological and Applied Sciences (NIJBAS), 2026) Masika Anna Mahinda
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remained a persistent global health challenge despite significant progress in antiretroviral therapy. While daily oral antiretroviral regimens have substantially improved survival and reduced transmission, long-term adherence difficulties continue to compromise treatment and prevention outcomes. Long-acting antiretroviral therapies emerged as an innovative pharmacological approach aimed at overcoming these limitations. This review examined the biochemical rationale, clinical efficacy, and implementation considerations of long-acting antiretroviral therapies for both HIV treatment and prevention. A narrative review methodology was utilized to synthesize and critically analyze existing scientific literature on long-acting antiretroviral agents, including pharmacological studies, clinical trials, and implementation research. Evidence indicated that long-acting antiretroviral therapies achieved virologic suppression comparable to conventional oral regimens while offering advantages in adherence, patient satisfaction, and prevention efficacy. Injectable long-acting agents also demonstrated superior effectiveness in HIV prevention compared to daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis. Nonetheless, challenges related to resistance risk, healthcare infrastructure, cost, and equitable access persist. Longacting antiretroviral therapies represented a transformative advancement in HIV care, but their optimal impact will depend on strategic implementation and health system adaptation.
Item
Immune-Mediated Toxic Reactions: The Contribution of ROS, Cytokines, and Autoantibodies
(Newport International Journal of Biological and Applied Sciences (NIJBAS), 2025) Zakaria Ali
Immune-mediated toxic reactions represent a significant subset of pathological conditions where dysregulated immune responses contribute directly to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Central to these reactions are three interrelated mediators: reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies. ROS, generated by activated immune cells, cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, amplifying inflammatory cascades. Cytokines orchestrate immune cell recruitment and activation, but their excessive or persistent release can exacerbate tissue injury. Autoantibodies, hallmark features of autoimmune conditions, target self-antigens, inducing complement activation, cell lysis, and chronic inflammation. The interplay between ROS, cytokines, and autoantibodies creates a self-perpetuating cycle of immune-mediated toxicity, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, drug hypersensitivities, and chronic inflammatory conditions. Understanding the mechanistic roles of these mediators provides insight into disease progression and highlights therapeutic targets aimed at modulating oxidative stress, cytokine signaling, and autoantibody production. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune-mediated toxi reactions, emphasizing the integration of redox biology, immunology, and autoimmunity in the development of tissue injury and chronic disease.
Item
The Impact of International Capital Flows on Poverty in Uganda:1985-2022
(Kampala International University, 2023-06) Nowe Dorah
The study investigated the impact of International Capital Flows on poverty in Uganda. The study was guided by three specific objective, to ascertain the impact of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), Foreign Aid on poverty and Remittances on poverty in Uganda in the period between 1985-2022. This study followed a Correlational research design showing the extent to which the relationship between the study variables exists. Time series data for the period 1985 - 2022. Secondary data was used in this study. The data was obtained from the Bank of Uganda Statistical Bulletin, UBOS and Financial review for various years. The study followed the Juselius (1990) Co-integration technique and error correction models to estimate the long and short-run relationships in the variables. The first step in analyzing the time series data was to perform unit root testing using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test as suggested by Dickey and Fuller (1979). Further, to establish the short run effect of ICF on poverty, a vector error correction model (VECM) by Granger (1986) was used. On the study results, the Johansen co-integration trace shows that there was a long run relationship between ‘poverty-POVt, and other main variables included; GDP deflator (GDPDFt), Net Foreign Direct Investment (NFDIt), Net Remittances (NREMt), Net external debt (NEXDt), and Net official development assistance (NODAt). In the long run, the coefficient of foreign aid was negative and significant at 5 percent level. Another finding on the effect of remittances on Poverty in particular revealed that FA positively contributes to poverty reduction in an economy. In conclusion, the foreign aid had a significant negative and positive relationship with poverty levels respectively at 5 percent level; and a positive long run and positive effect relationship between International Capital Flows, labor force, capital formation, trade openness, foreign direct investment and poverty reduction. Therefore, the study recommends that BOU should continue its collaboration with relevant authorities to enhance quality of data on remittances and to assess the impact of remittances on Standard of living. Further, BOU should continue to develop its national payment systems and improve access to financial services. Policies should provide incentives that substantially reduce the price of using electronic payments.
Item
33rd Graduation Ceremony
(Kampala International University, 2026-06)
Item
Pop of Pride: KIU Honors Over 2000 Graduates in Vibrant Ceremony
(Kampala International University, 2024-11)