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Impact of Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles on Neurological Complications in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria:
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2025) Fumbiro Akiriza O
Pediatric cerebral malaria (CM), a severe neurological manifestation of Plasmodium falciparum infection, disproportionately affects children under five in sub-Saharan Africa and remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term neurological morbidity despite effective antiparasitic treatment. Neurological sequelae such as cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and behavioral disorders result primarily from immunopathological processes, with inflammatory cytokines emerging as key mediators. This conceptual review explored the pivotal role of inflammatory cytokine profiles, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ, in the pathogenesis of cerebral injury in pediatric CM. These cytokines contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption, endothelial activation, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, all of which exacerbate cerebral dysfunction in the developing brain. Furthermore, the immature pediatric immune system, marked by an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response and insufficient regulatory mechanisms, amplifies vulnerability to cytokine-mediated damage. The article was developed using a narrative synthesis methodology, drawing on interdisciplinary literature from immunopathology, neurobiology, and pediatric infectious disease. Potential interventions targeting cytokine signaling pathways, including anti-TNF therapies, cytokine receptor antagonists, and neuroprotective agents, are discussed as future directions to mitigate neurological injury. Ultimately, understanding the immunological underpinnings of pediatric CM is essential for designing adjunctive therapies that preserve neurological function and improve long-term outcomes in affected children
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Impact of Insecticide-Treated Livestock on Malaria Incidence among Nomadic Pastoralists in Northern Nigeria
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2025) Fumbiro Akiriza O.
Malaria remains a significant health burden in Nigeria, particularly among nomadic pastoralists in the northern regions who face heightened vulnerability due to limited access to formal healthcare and their predominantly outdoor lifestyle. Traditional vector control measures such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have limited efficacy in these mobile populations. Insecticide-treated livestock (ITL) emerges as a promising intervention, leveraging the zoophilic and exophagic behavior of Anopheles arabiensis, the dominant vector species in the region. This review synthesized findings from entomological research, field trials, and ecological studies to assess the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of ITL in reducing malaria incidence among nomadic communities in Northern Nigeria. The methodology employed was a narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, grey sources, and field reports relevant to ITL and malaria control in pastoralist contexts. Evidence indicates that ITL can significantly reduce vector density and transmission potential, especially when integrated into community based animal health systems. Socio-cultural acceptability among pastoralists is high when interventions respect traditional livestock practices and ensure proper community engagement. Operational scalability remains a challenge, necessitating intersectoral collaboration and sustained funding. ITL offers a novel and context-sensitive addition to malaria control efforts, especially in underserved and mobile populations.
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Impact of Mobile Glucose Monitoring Versus Paper Logs on Self-Management Behavior in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes:
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2025) Kirenyo Nalubega F.
Effective self-management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during adolescence is essential but challenging due to developmental, behavioral, and psychosocial complexities. This narrative review examined the impact of mobile glucose monitoring technologies compared to traditional paper logbooks on self-management behaviors in adolescents with T1DM. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through peer-reviewed studies published in the past decade, synthesizing evidence on adherence to glucose monitoring, insulin dosing, dietary regulation, psychosocial engagement, and communication with caregivers and healthcare providers. Findings indicated that mobile monitoring tools significantly improve the frequency and consistency of glucose checks, insulin adherence, and nutritional awareness by offering automated data logging, real-time feedback, and interactive interfaces. Adolescents report greater satisfaction and empowerment with digital tools, which are better aligned with their technological preferences and behavioral needs. Furthermore, mobile platforms enhance communication through remote data sharing, enabling timely clinical interventions and supportive parental oversight. However, limitations such as technological fatigue, data privacy concerns, and unequal access may hinder sustained use and equitable benefits. Despite these challenges, mobile monitoring represents a valuable adjunct to traditional care, promoting adolescent autonomy and engagement. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and strategies to optimize implementation across diverse populations.
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Impact of Nurse-Led Home Visits on Foot Ulcer Prevention in Elderly Type 2 Diabetics:
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research( ROJESR), 2025) Kirenyo Nalubega F.
Foot ulcers are a prevalent and debilitating complication among elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often resulting in increased morbidity, reduced mobility, and a heightened risk of lower limb amputation. As traditional outpatient models may fall short in addressing the preventive needs of this high-risk population, nurse-led home visits have emerged as a promising alternative. This review evaluated the impact of such interventions on foot ulcer prevention in elderly T2DM patients, synthesizing evidence from cluster randomized trials (CRTs). A narrative review methodology was employed, drawing insights from peer-reviewed CRTs that investigated clinical efficacy, behavioral outcomes, and implementation challenges associated with nurse-led home care models. Key components of these interventions include foot risk assessment, individualized education, self-care reinforcement, environmental hazard evaluation, and early referral for advanced care. Findings from CRTs consistently demonstrate a significant reduction in foot ulcer incidence and improvement in foot care practices among patients receiving home-based nursing care. Moreover, these interventions prove feasible and cost-effective, although challenges such as staffing limitations and reimbursement barriers persist. Nurse-led home visits not only enhance clinical outcomes but also align with broader goals of aging-in-place and chronic disease management. They represent a scalable and patient-centered strategy with substantial implications for geriatric diabetes care
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Green Nanotechnology in the Development of Antioxidant-Rich Phytotherapeutics for Metabolic Syndrome
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2025) Zikayo Amulaga R.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a multifactorial disorder characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, has emerged as a global health challenge. Conventional therapeutic approaches often come with side effects and limited long-term efficacy. Phytotherapeutics, derived from medicinal plants and rich in natural antioxidants, offer a promising alternative for managing MetS. However, issues such as poor bioavailability, instability, and low solubility limit their clinical applicability. Green nanotechnology—a sustainable approach to nanomaterial synthesis using biological resources—offers a breakthrough in enhancing the delivery and efficacy of phytochemicals. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and the limitations of traditional therapies. It further explores the integration of green nanotechnology in designing nanoformulations of antioxidant-rich phytotherapeutics. Special attention is given to the mechanisms, recent advancements, types of green nanoparticles, and their synergistic potential in managing oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. The article also discusses safety, regulatory challenges, and prospects of green nano-based phytotherapeutics in combating metabolic syndrome.