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Hypertension and Pregnancy in Uganda: Maternal Health Implications and Treatment Approaches
(Eurasian Experiment Journal of Public Health (EEJPH), 2025) Bizimana Rukundo T.
Kampala International University Hypertension in pregnancy (HDP) is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, with significant implications for public health in Uganda. This review explores the burden of HDP, its epidemiology, risk factors, and health implications for both mothers and infants in Uganda. It addresses the clinical challenges and the impact of limited healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, which impede the early detection and management of HDP. The review also evaluates the diagnostic practices, treatment approaches, and management strategies currently in place, as well as the barriers to effective care. Furthermore, the role of cultural beliefs and socioeconomic factors in influencing healthcare-seeking behaviors is discussed. By identifying key gaps in the healthcare system and current policies, the review provides recommendations for improving the prevention, diagnosis, and management of hypertension in pregnancy. This comprehensive approach aims to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, enhancing overall health outcomes in Uganda.
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Impact of Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles on Neurological Complications in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria:
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2025) Fumbiro Akiriza O
Pediatric cerebral malaria (CM), a severe neurological manifestation of Plasmodium falciparum infection, disproportionately affects children under five in sub-Saharan Africa and remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term neurological morbidity despite effective antiparasitic treatment. Neurological sequelae such as cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and behavioral disorders result primarily from immunopathological processes, with inflammatory cytokines emerging as key mediators. This conceptual review explored the pivotal role of inflammatory cytokine profiles, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ, in the pathogenesis of cerebral injury in pediatric CM. These cytokines contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption, endothelial activation, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, all of which exacerbate cerebral dysfunction in the developing brain. Furthermore, the immature pediatric immune system, marked by an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response and insufficient regulatory mechanisms, amplifies vulnerability to cytokine-mediated damage. The article was developed using a narrative synthesis methodology, drawing on interdisciplinary literature from immunopathology, neurobiology, and pediatric infectious disease. Potential interventions targeting cytokine signaling pathways, including anti-TNF therapies, cytokine receptor antagonists, and neuroprotective agents, are discussed as future directions to mitigate neurological injury. Ultimately, understanding the immunological underpinnings of pediatric CM is essential for designing adjunctive therapies that preserve neurological function and improve long-term outcomes in affected children
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Impact of Insecticide-Treated Livestock on Malaria Incidence among Nomadic Pastoralists in Northern Nigeria
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2025) Fumbiro Akiriza O.
Malaria remains a significant health burden in Nigeria, particularly among nomadic pastoralists in the northern regions who face heightened vulnerability due to limited access to formal healthcare and their predominantly outdoor lifestyle. Traditional vector control measures such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have limited efficacy in these mobile populations. Insecticide-treated livestock (ITL) emerges as a promising intervention, leveraging the zoophilic and exophagic behavior of Anopheles arabiensis, the dominant vector species in the region. This review synthesized findings from entomological research, field trials, and ecological studies to assess the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of ITL in reducing malaria incidence among nomadic communities in Northern Nigeria. The methodology employed was a narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, grey sources, and field reports relevant to ITL and malaria control in pastoralist contexts. Evidence indicates that ITL can significantly reduce vector density and transmission potential, especially when integrated into community based animal health systems. Socio-cultural acceptability among pastoralists is high when interventions respect traditional livestock practices and ensure proper community engagement. Operational scalability remains a challenge, necessitating intersectoral collaboration and sustained funding. ITL offers a novel and context-sensitive addition to malaria control efforts, especially in underserved and mobile populations.
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Impact of Mobile Glucose Monitoring Versus Paper Logs on Self-Management Behavior in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes:
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 2025) Kirenyo Nalubega F.
Effective self-management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during adolescence is essential but challenging due to developmental, behavioral, and psychosocial complexities. This narrative review examined the impact of mobile glucose monitoring technologies compared to traditional paper logbooks on self-management behaviors in adolescents with T1DM. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through peer-reviewed studies published in the past decade, synthesizing evidence on adherence to glucose monitoring, insulin dosing, dietary regulation, psychosocial engagement, and communication with caregivers and healthcare providers. Findings indicated that mobile monitoring tools significantly improve the frequency and consistency of glucose checks, insulin adherence, and nutritional awareness by offering automated data logging, real-time feedback, and interactive interfaces. Adolescents report greater satisfaction and empowerment with digital tools, which are better aligned with their technological preferences and behavioral needs. Furthermore, mobile platforms enhance communication through remote data sharing, enabling timely clinical interventions and supportive parental oversight. However, limitations such as technological fatigue, data privacy concerns, and unequal access may hinder sustained use and equitable benefits. Despite these challenges, mobile monitoring represents a valuable adjunct to traditional care, promoting adolescent autonomy and engagement. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and strategies to optimize implementation across diverse populations.
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Impact of Nurse-Led Home Visits on Foot Ulcer Prevention in Elderly Type 2 Diabetics:
(Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research( ROJESR), 2025) Kirenyo Nalubega F.
Foot ulcers are a prevalent and debilitating complication among elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often resulting in increased morbidity, reduced mobility, and a heightened risk of lower limb amputation. As traditional outpatient models may fall short in addressing the preventive needs of this high-risk population, nurse-led home visits have emerged as a promising alternative. This review evaluated the impact of such interventions on foot ulcer prevention in elderly T2DM patients, synthesizing evidence from cluster randomized trials (CRTs). A narrative review methodology was employed, drawing insights from peer-reviewed CRTs that investigated clinical efficacy, behavioral outcomes, and implementation challenges associated with nurse-led home care models. Key components of these interventions include foot risk assessment, individualized education, self-care reinforcement, environmental hazard evaluation, and early referral for advanced care. Findings from CRTs consistently demonstrate a significant reduction in foot ulcer incidence and improvement in foot care practices among patients receiving home-based nursing care. Moreover, these interventions prove feasible and cost-effective, although challenges such as staffing limitations and reimbursement barriers persist. Nurse-led home visits not only enhance clinical outcomes but also align with broader goals of aging-in-place and chronic disease management. They represent a scalable and patient-centered strategy with substantial implications for geriatric diabetes care