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Gender-based violence and child education rights:
(Kampala International University, 2024-08) Ahmed, Aden Abdirahman
This study was set to investigate the effects of gender-based violence on girls’ education rights in Hiran, Somalia. The following objectives were examined, to examine the effects of sexual violence on the educational rights of girls in Hiran, Somalia, to assess the impact of physical violence on girls’ right to education in Hiran, Somalia, and to evaluate the effects of emotional violence on girls’ education rights in Hiran district-Somalia school. This study was underpinned on the Social Learning Theory of Bandura which gives emphasis to observational learning modeling. The study used descriptive correlation research design that focused on investigations which was majorly quantitative to collect and analyze data in order to describe the specific phenomenon in its current trends, current events and linkages between different factors at the current time, a sample size of 120 respondents was selected from the population of 172 people using, Slovene’s formula. A number of tools were used during collection of data and these included: questionnaire, Interviews and documentary review. It was discovered that the average mean of the effects of Sexual violence on educational rights of girls in Hiran District, Somalia was 3.98 equivalent to high. This implies that Sexual violence affects the educational rights of girls. The study also revealed that the average mean of the effects of Physical violence on educational rights of girls in Hiran District, Somalia was 3.9 which were also high on the scale and this implies that Physical violence has a significant impact on violation of the educational rights of girls in Hiran District, Somalia. It was also found out that the average mean of effects of Emotional Violence on educational rights of girls in Hiran District, Somalia was 3.9 which is equivalent to very high. The implication is that Gender-based Violence hinders the protection of educational rights of girls in Hiran District. The study concluded that violence has always affected the child’s rights in several ways. The study recommended counseling parents on the proper ways of handling the families in order to reduce their ways of violence in the families, the alternative ways of punishments can therefore substitute the corporal punishments of abuse, this will lead to the abolition of the forms of abuse that are disastrous to the families. More so the government should enact and enforce restrictive measures since gender-based violence has been found as the main cause of physical harm in Hiran District. The government should strengthen education programs since these people with low level of education are more likely to engage into violence because of little knowledge on the outcomes.
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Transport Infrastructure and Trade Activities in Kismayo District, Somalia
(2024) Hassan Miyir Sahane
This research focused on investigating how transport infrastructure impacts trade activities in Kismayo district, Somalia. The study had specific objectives: (i) to explore the influence of road transport on trade activities, (ii) to assess the impact of sea transport on trade activities, and (iii) to evaluate the effects of air transport on trade activities in the district. The research employed a case study strategy to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue in its real-life context. A mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was used to complement each other. The study targeted a population of 265 households identified from the ministry of public works, Somalia MoPW, Somalia infrastructure fund, Somalia urban resilience project phase, all located in Kismayo district. However, a total of 160 respondents were obtained using the Sloven's formula. The data collection instruments included questionnaires and interviews. The results from regression analysis showed that road transport had a positive impact on trading activities in Kismayo district, Somalia, with a rate of 3.7% and an r-squared value of 0.037, indicating a moderate significant relationship. Similarly, sea transport also positively influenced trading activities at a rate of 0.7% with an r-squared value of 0.007, suggesting a moderate significant relationship. Additionally, air transport was found to have a significant impact on trading activities in the district, with a rate of 44.8% and an r-squared value of 0.448. In conclusion there is evident that transport infrastructures are essential for trade activities. Transport infrastructure has elaborative transportation such as road, sea and air that deals with different trading activities, from its inception to completion. The tracker that monitors the sequences and tenure of trading activities-related tasks is responsible for the movement and delivery of goods and supplies. A schedule for trading activities informs the team of any delays or incorrect directions. This document is live, necessitating regular updates and recordings. The study concludes that the vital role of sea transport in Kismayo's trade activities, from supporting small businesses to reducing transaction costs and contributing to sustainable development. The findings underscore the importance of continued investment in maritime infrastructure and planning to address challenges and enhance the effectiveness of sea transport in promoting economic growth and resilience in the region. For the trading activities in Kismayo key planning element such as the constructions of trading activities and involvement of the local community and other relevant stakeholders is critical in the overall trading activities success. The study recommended that there is need for the government of Somalia to establish a monitoring and evaluation system to regularly assess the effectiveness of road transport initiatives. This includes evaluating the impact of road improvements on trade activities, identifying challenges, and making necessary adjustments for continuous improvement. More so there is need for the government of Somalia to invest in the development and maintenance of maritime infrastructure, including ports and docking facilities. Ensure that these facilities are well-equipped and capable of handling increasing trade volumes.
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Project Management Practices and Project Success of Afgoi Road Construction in Mogadishu Somalia
(2024) Hamdi Ali Ahmed
This study sought to establish the effect of Project management Practices on project success, a case study of Afgoi road construction project in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study objectives were to examine how planning affects the success of Afgoi road construction project in Mogadishu Somalia, to analyze the effects of human resource on the success of Afgoi road construction project in Mogadishu Somalia and to find out the influence of funding on the success of Afgoi road construction project in Mogadishu Somalia. The study was guided by the competency theory. The study employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate the contributions of resource management to project success, a study of Afgoi road construction project in Mogadishu, Somalia. In this study, a descriptive design, in which both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used to collect data about the subject under study. The study target a sample size of 108, the study used questionnaire and interview guide as the main tools for collecting data. Findings from the study revealed that project managers were involved in planning stage, budgeted funds were enough to complete the project, budget for the project was properly determined (combining the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline), human resource department of project success of Afgoi road construction project, Mogadishu, was majorly involved in the project’s planning process and project success of Afgoi road construction project Mogadishu there was all resources were allocated (qualified personnel and infrastructure). This study concluded that the management of resources of Afgoi's construction project in the Mogadishu district of Mogadishu needs to be further improved and its results constantly monitored. Through the study of the situation, the research believes that the team members have knowledge of improving management resources. This study suggests that government projects such as the Afgoi construction should be carefully selected to use all local resources and materials to meet the needs of the local people. The study recommended that more efforts should be made not only to reduce costs but to do good work and choose the best organizational structure and the best business. Architects, planners, managers, contractors and government officials must not discriminate, bribe or engage in personal gain when administering contracts and competition. The only concern should be efficiency.
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Domestic Violence and Women’s Psychological Trauma in Yaqshid District, Somalia
(2024) Fuad Ali Hassan
The study aimed to investigate the impact of domestic violence on women’s psychological trauma in Yaqshid district, Somalia. The specific objectives were to assess the effects of physical violence, sexual abuse, and verbal abuse on women’s psychological trauma. The study employed a "Betrayal Trauma Theory and Horowitz theory of Trauma" framework.
This study employed a cross sectional mixed design was utilized, mainly focusing on both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study population included 716,380 the residents of Yaqshid district, with a sample size of 400 respondents determined by Solvene's formula. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews research instruments.
The findings revealed a negative correlation between domestic violence and women's psychological trauma, suggesting that increased domestic violence led to reduced psychological well-being in families. The study used regression coefficients to quantify the impact of each form of violence on psychological trauma. The study found out that a significant negative effect of physical violence on women’s psychological trauma, with a regression coefficient of 0.370. This indicates a 37% impact of physical violence on women’s psychological trauma among women. The findings suggested that physical violence adversely affected women's right to education. Sexual abuse was also identified as a significant factor affecting women's psychological trauma, with a regression coefficient of 0.136. This indicated a 13.6% impact on women’s psychological trauma among women. Sexual abuse was associated with a reduction in women's rights to health. Verbal abuse showed a substantial negative impact on women’s psychological trauma, with a regression coefficient of 0.420. This indicated a 42% effect on women’s psychological trauma among families. Verbal abuse was linked to a decrease in families' rights to food.
From the study findings the study concluded that domestic violence had a detrimental effect on women’s psychological trauma in Yaqshid district, Somalia. Increased domestic violence was associated with reduced psychological well-being in families, affecting women's education, health, and access to food. The study recommended legislative measures and policies to protect women, address discrimination, and promote gender equality. Additionally, counseling for parents on alternative, non-abusive disciplinary methods was suggested to eliminate harmful forms of abuse within families. In summary, the study emphasizes the urgent need for interventions and policy measures to address domestic violence, safeguard women's rights, and promote a more peaceful cultural environment in Yaqshid district, Somalia.
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School Factors and Right to Primary Education in Jilab Idp Camp, Garowe, Somalia
(2024) Fardowsa Mohamed Khalif
The purpose of this study was to assess school factors influencing the right to primary education for Internally Displaced Persons of primary students in Jilab IDP camp, Garowe, Somalia. This study was guided by the following specific objectives to establish the school curriculum on the right to primary education in Jilab IDP camp, Garowe, Somalia, to determine the effect of environmental factors on the right to primary education in Jilab IDP camp, Garowe, Somalia, to establish how the existence of teacher training facilitate the right to primary education in Jilab IDP camp, Garowe, Somalia, and to evaluate the effect of stakeholders’ participation on the right to primary education in Jilab IDP camp, Garowe, Somalia. The study was based on the capability theory approach (also referred to as the capabilities approach) is a normative approach to human welfare that concentrates on the actual capability of persons to achieve lives they value rather than solely having a right or freedom to do so. The target population included school-going children, parents, teachers local government education leaders, and community leaders; a total of 108 respondents of the targeted 150 provided data for the study, representing an overall response rate of 79.2%, a sufficient response index for data analysis and interpretation of the results. The aspects that were evaluated on school factors, included school structures (safe spaces), learning facilities, school learning resources, and trained teachers, Findings revealed that while the access aspect seemingly had not been significantly affected by the crises, and the integration of the IDPS had facilitated access to education in that students continued to access education, most educators, teachers, deemed the learning resources constrained, this is to be interpreted to imply that quality of education was deemed at the danger of compromise in such setups (integrated setups). Lastly, participation of the stakeholders in the school as an educational input geared at facilitation of access to quality education in IDP integrated setups indeed does highly influence access; findings revealed that stakeholders’ participation in the schools had been active and the areas that registered significant participation were; exposure on sanitation (cleanliness, hygiene, water usage, diseases, etc.), societal Ethics and life, Safety (wellbeing, protection, living), Awareness on environment protection, Life Skills and vocational training, and counseling. This study recommends the deliberate involvement of all stakeholders in the operational priorities for access to education in such crisis setups; these stakeholders are undoubtedly the closest relational proximity to children’s needs and are better placed to voice out needful, relevant educational interventions toward access, quality, and wellbeing of the target beneficiaries.