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Organisational Structure, Performance Monitoring, And Academic Staff Performance in Selected Private Chartered Universities in Ankole Sub Region- Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2026-02) Silaji Turyamureeba
The main purpose of the study was to investigate the types of organisational structures, performance monitoring practices, and their relationship with academic staff performance in Selected Private Chartered Universities in the Ankole Sub Region. Guided by five objectives. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was adopted using a mixed methods approach. The study targeted 621 academic staff, from whom 330 were selected using stratified sampling for the quantitative component, while 10 Deans of Faculties participated in qualitative interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, ANOVA, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Findings for objective one revealed that Selected Private Chartered Universities predominantly operate under mechanistic organisational structures characterised by hierarchical control, centralisation, and rigid formalisation (M = 3.94, SD = 0.90). Objective two showed that performance monitoring practices were moderately implemented (M = 3.91, SD = 1.03). For objective three, correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between organisational structure dimensions and academic staff performance, with an overall correlation of r = 0.65 (p < .01). ANOVA results confirmed significant differences in performance across structural forms (F = 4.97, p < .05), while regression analysis showed that organisational structure explained 38% of the variance in academic staff performance (R² = 0.38, p < .05). Findings for objective four indicated that academic staff perceived performance monitoring as irregular, opaque, and largely compliance-driven, with only 27.6% reporting receipt of structured feedback. For objective five, strong positive relationships were found between performance monitoring dimensions and academic staff performance, with an overall correlation of r = 0.66 (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that performance monitoring explained 41% of the variance in academic staff performance (R² = 0.41, p < .05), making it the stronger predictor. Qualitative results in general supported the quantitative ones, “Most of our monitoring is done to satisfy regulatory requirements”. The study concludes that both organisational structure and performance monitoring significantly influence academic staff performance. The study recommends a more decentralised organisational structures xviii alongside transparent, technology-enabled performance monitoring frameworks to improve academic productivity, student outcomes, and institutional effectiveness in line with Sustainable Development Goal 4.
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Prevalence, Factors and Earlyoutcomesassociated with Elevated Serum Creatinine Among Inpatients with Community Acquired Pneumonia at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital
(Kampala International University, 2025-09) David Elia Saria
Community acquired pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Emerging evidence highlights a strong relationship between renal function and pneumonia outcomes. However, there is a clear gap in data from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Uganda. The prevalence of renal impairment, the associated clinical factors, and the early outcomes among pneumonia patients remain largely undocumented. Understanding the burden and predictors of elevated creatinine in community acquired pneumonia patients would support timely diagnosis of renal injury, improve risk stratification, and inform clinical decisions about fluid management, antibiotic dosing, and monitoring intensity. This study determined the proportion, early outcomes and factors associated with elevated creatinine among inpatients admitted with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study with a short-term longitudinal extension. All adult patients managed for CAP at MRRH were enrolled following consent. A blood sample was taken to measure the serum creatinine and urea. The longitudinal extension involved tracking of early outcomes such as in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay. Logistic regression in SPSS was done to determine the significant factors. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results We enrolled 184 patients with CAP of whom 26.1 were young adults, 31% middle aged and 42.9% elderly. There were slightly more males (51.1%) than females (48.9%). Elevated creatinine was found in 47 (25.5%), with a corresponding 95% confidence interval of 19.0-32.1%. The independent factors associated with elevated creatinine among inpatients admitted with CAP at MRRH were: being elderly, hypotension, low peripheral oxygen saturation and higher pneumonia severity according to CURB-65 (P<0.05 for all). The overall mortality was significantly higher in the group that had elevated creatinine compared to those with normal creatinine (21.3% versus 8.8%, P=0.035). The median length of hospital stay was significantly higher among the patients that had elevated creatinine compared to those with normal creatinine (6 days versus 4 days, P<0.001). The details area shown in table 4 below. Conclusion The proportion of creatinine elevation was high, seen in about 3 in every 10 patients. All patients with CAP should be routinely screened for creatinine, since elevated creatinine was common and its elevation associated with both increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay.
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Acute Otitis Media in Febrile Children aged 1-59 months Attending Outpatient Unit in Jinja Regional Referral Hospital
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Cinical Medicine and Dentistry, 2024-03) Amatarahman Ibrahim Said
Background: Otitis media is still a great public health challenge among children especially under 5 years with more than half of the children suffering at least one episode by their third birthday (Hounkpatin et al., 2016). It’s the leading cause of antibiotic prescription and is associated with hearing loss, decreased capability and low educational achievement (Jamal et al,2022). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute otitis media and to establish factors associated with acute otitis media among febrile children aged 1-59 month attending outpatient unit in Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
Methodology: This was a hospital based cross sectional descriptive and analytical study which enrolled 312 febrile children aged 1-59months in Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Consecutive enrollment was conducted and diagnosis of AOM was conducted by otoscopy. Informed consent was obtained from individual participants and ethical clearance obtained from Bishop Stuart university institutional research and ethics committee with registration number - BSU- REC-2023-148. Data was obtained using structured questionnaire, entered in excel software and imported to STATA version 18 for analysis.
Results: The prevalence of Acute otitis media was 12.5% with 95% CI ( 0.090-0.167).Female gender ( aOR 3.260, 95% CI (1.470-7.2288), p=0.004), family history of AOM (aOR 3.597,95% CI (1.436-9.009) p=0.006), prematurity (aOR 2.471,95% CI (1.051-5.814)
p=0.038), wasting (aOR 5.956, 95% CI (1.862-19.048) p=0.003), and stunting (aOR 7.746,
95% CI (2.675-22.432) p=<0.001) were independently associated with AOM. The commonest clinical features of acute otitis media were nonspecific and included runny nose, cough, vomiting and ear itching.
Conclusion: The prevalence of acute otitis media was high. Female gender, family history of AOM, prematurity and under nutrition were significantly associated with AOM. The commonest clinical feature among febrile children with AOM was runny nose followed by cough ,vomiting and ear itching.
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Capacity Building Practices and Employee Performance of Kitagata Hospital in Sheema District: Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2021-10) Evelyn Nitushaba
This study assessed how capacity building practices have affected the performance of employees of Kitagata Hospital in Sheema District and it was guided by three objectives namely; to establish the relationship between training and employee performance of Kitagata hospital, to determine the relationship between responsibility sharing and employee performance of Kitagata hospital and to find out the relationship between participatory decision making and employee performance of Kitagata hospital. The study adopted descriptive cross sectional research and correlational designs on a sample of 73 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Descriptive results revealed that training was high, participatory decision making was fair but responsibility sharing low. Inferential analysis results indicated that training has a high positive significant relationship with employee performance; participatory decision moderate significant relationship with employee performance and responsibility sharing has a weak positive significant relationship with employee performance. Therefore, it was concluded that Training is essential for employees’ performance. Such training practices like carrying out training periodically to improve on the skill and knowledge of employees, management communicating to employees before subjecting them for training, putting in place enough facilities to facilitate training, referring employees to further studies and encouraging employees to put in practice what they learn from training, Participatory decision making is imperative for employees’ performance. Such Participatory decision making practices include Top management allowing employees to participate in decision making, ensuring employees’ views are heard and considered, Ensuring that employees are given freedom to decide on what to do and how to do it and making small groups to find solutions to problems and Responsibility sharing to a smaller extent affects employees’ performance. Responsibility sharing practices that reduce employees’ performance include failure to put in place conducive environment to allow employees share responsibilities, Employees being unable to share responsibilities without interference, the hospital management failure to assign duties in a committee and failure to allow job rotation in the hospital. The concluded that capacity building practices affect employee performance and basing on the conclusion, the study recommended that the Ministry of Health and stakeholders in public hospitals such as, Boards of Directors, hospital management and donors should support the public hospitals in carrying out training of medical personnel, top management to use participative approach by allowing all employees when making decision and embrace the issue of responsibility sharing by creating a conducive environment that allows employees to share responsibility.
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Prevalence and factors associated with cerebral malaria amongst children aged 6 to 59 months with severe malaria at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Cinical Medicine and Dentistry, 2023-03) Banga Mseza Jean-Claude
Introduction
Malaria is among the commonest childhood febrile illness in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of the severe types of malaria, referred to as cerebral malaria, has been associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Despite the high mortality, the prevalence of cerebral malaria among children with severe malaria in Uganda is not well documented and contributing factors are still not well understood. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with cerebral malaria amongst hospitalized children aged 6 to 59 months with severe malaria in the paediatric ward of Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital (FPRRH).
Methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that enrolled 250 children aged 6 to 59 months with severe malaria in the paediatric ward of FPRRH. Socio-demographic variables of the child and caretakers were obtained using a structured questionnaire and patient’s medical record. After the physical examination, blood was collected from each study participants for complete blood count (CBC), Renal function test and serum electrolyte. A peripheral blood smear was done using capillary blood obtained by finder prick. Data were entered and analysed using IBM SPSS 27.0 statistics for windows. The prevalence of cerebral malaria amongst children with severe malaria were determined as proportions, whereas binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with cerebral malaria. A p-value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance at multivariable level.
Results
Of the 250 children enrolled, the prevalence of cerebral malaria was 12.8% (95% C.I: 8.9-17.6). The factors that were independently associated with cerebral malaria were male gender (aOR: 3.05, 95%C.I: 1.20-7.77, p=0.02), having five children or more (aOR: 5.95, 95% C.I:1.64-21.59, p= 0.01), history of convulsions (aOR: 12.20, 95% C.I:10.7-21.69, p=0.03); prostration (aOR: 11.13, 95%C.I: 1.68-23.80, p=0.01); abnormal bleeding (aOR: 13.22,95%C.I: 11.54-15.16, p=0.001), acute kidney injury (aOR: 4.50, 95% C.I: 1.30-15.53, p=0.02) and hyponatremia (aOR: 3.47, 95% C.I: 1.34-8.96, p=0.010).
Conclusion:
Amongst children aged 6 to 59 months with severe malaria at a regional referral hospital in Western Uganda, one in 8 children had cerebral malaria. This prevalence is similar to what other studies in sub-Saharan Africa have reported in the same age group. The factors associated with cerebral malaria were male gender, having five siblings or more, history of convulsions and other manifestation of severe malaria such as prostration, abnormal bleeding, acute kidney injury and hyponatremia. In addition to early initiation of antimalarial therapy other clinical and laboratory manifestations of severe malaria should be properly investigated and adequately treated to reduce the risk of cerebral malaria in young children.