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Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Thunbergia alata (Boxer ex sims) on Reproductive Parameters in Male Wistar Rats
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, 2023-05) Nandala Christopher
Thunbergia alata (T. alata) leaves have been documented to enhance sexual activity but the parameters it affects remain unknown. This study was to determine the effect of aqueous leaf extract of T. alata on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male wistar rats (150-200g, n=5) were grouped as follows; Group A:1 mL of distilled water (Negative control), Group B:Sildenafil citrate 25mg/kg b. w. (Positive control), Group C; Aqueous leaf extract of T. alataat a dose of 250mg/kg b. w , Group D ;Aqueous leaf extract of T. alata at a dose of 500mg/kg b. w, Group E; Aqueous leaf extract of T. alata at a dose of 1000mg/kg b. w. These rats were orally administered with different test agents daily for a period of 30days and thereafter sedated with Diethyl ether, sacrificed, and the testis and epididymis removed. Sperm variables examined microscopically, serum sex hormones. Indicated that there was a significant (p = 0.006) increase in the mean testosterone levels of the animals treated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of T. alata as compared to those treated with sildenafil. Significant increases in sperm count were seen in the animals which were treated with 1000 mg/kg of T. alata. Regarding the mean levels of follicle stimulating hormone, the study notes that there was a significant (p <0.001) increase in the mean follicle stimulating hormone levels in the animals which were treated with 500 mg/ kg and 1000 mg/kg. A significant (p = 0.006) and (p = 0.013) increase in sperm motility was noted between the animals treated with 1000 mg/kg of T. alata and the animals that were treated with distilled water and 250 mg/kg of T. alata respectively. The study also noted a significant (p = 0.025) and (p <0.001) increase in sperm viability between the animals treated with 500 mg/ kg and 1000 mg/ kg of T. alata with those that received distilled water. Furthermore, there was also a significant (p = 0.001) and (p = 0.013) increase in sperm viability in the animals treated with 1000 mg/kg of T. alata and those that received sildenafil and 250 mg/ kg of T. alata respectively.
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Incidence and Factors Associated with Early Adverse Neonatal Outcomes among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Mothers at Mubende and Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospitals
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Cinical Medicine and Dentistry, 2023-12) Bataringaya Geoffrey Tabu
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Incidence and Factors Associated with Failed Induction of Labor Among Women Delivering at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Cinical Medicine and Dentistry, 2024-01) Ephraim Oluoch Onanga
Background: Induction of labor is the process of artificially initiating labor to attain Vaginal Delivery. The proportion of induced deliveries is increasing steadily among referral hospitals of Uganda. However, there is limited information regarding failure rate of this intervention. Factors associated with the failure rate has also not been well documented. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and factors associated with failed induction of labor at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda.
Materials and Methods: A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted among 138 women undergoing labor induction at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital from 15th June, 2023 to 15th August, 2023. A consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit study participants and data was collected using pretested questionnaire. The collected data was entered into Microsoft excel and exported to Stata 14.2 for further analysis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate effect of each of associated factors on fIOL after controlling for potential confounders. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05 associated factors.
Results: The incidence of failed induction of labor was found to be 49(35.51%). Statistically significant factors associated with failed induction of labor were nulliparity (aOR=2.26, 95% CI; 1.01-5.06), Pre-induction Bishop score <6 (aOR=4.82, 95% CI;2-10.87).There was a linear relationship of latent phase of labor and pre-induction Bishop score with Pearson correlation of
(-0.804)
Conclusion: The study highlights a significant burden of failed induction of labor among women delivering at Jinja Regional Referral. Clinicians should prioritize review of the execution of IOL services taking into consideration parity and pre-induction Bishop score that highly predicts failure before performing IOL. Finally,there is need to do pre-induction cervical assessment and determination of Bishop score in the setting of induction to improve outcome.
Keywords: Failed Induction of Labor, Factors Associated, Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Histological Chorioamnionitis Among Mothers with Premature Rupture of Membranes Delivering at Three Tertiary Hospitals, Uganda
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Cinical Medicine and Dentistry, 2024-02) Abdinasir Abdi Ibrahim
Background: Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) unlike clinical chorioamnionitis continues to be a silent major threat to the mother and fetus all over the world. A few reports emerging from different scholars have shown that this terrifying obstetric complication is growing steadily across the world, worse in the resource constrained countries. Information regarding its magnitude, common patterns and associated factors remains extremely scanty in most of the African countries, including Uganda.
Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with HCA among mothers with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) delivering at three tertiary hospitals in Uganda
Methods: This cross-sectional investigation was carried out at three tertiary hospitals in Uganda in a period of 3 months from July 9th to October 9th 2023 involving 106 women with PROM. Data was collected by the use of questionnaires. Binary logistic regression was used after descriptive statistics, and these were done in order to achieve the study objectives using STATA14.
Results: Out of the 106 patients with PROM that were considered for the study at the three tertiary hospitals, 44(42%) had HCA. The most common histological finding was Neutrophil infiltration, 22(50.0%) followed by funisitis, 13(29.6%). Referred status (OR=4.5, 95%CI: 1.511-13.315, p=0.007) and prenatal care attendance (OR=9.8, 95%CI: 2.802-14.504, p=0.000) were discovered to be connected separately with HCA at the three tertiary hospitals in Uganda.
Conclusions and recommendations: The prevalence of HCA was high compared to prior reports in Uganda. Placental infarcts are the most common histological lesions. PROM patients referred from other health centers and those who have not attended PNC are likely to have HCA. Routine screening of all women with PROM for HCA is recommended. PROM patients referred from other health centers and women who have not attended PNC should be initiated on treatment for chorioamnionitis till ruled out.
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Prevalence, Associated Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns among Non-Pregnant Women who Attended Gynecology Clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital
(Kampala International University; Faculty of Cinical Medicine and Dentistry, 2023-12) M’Mebwa Mtende Luc
Background: The first isolated C. albicans specimens were discovered in the nineteenth century ( James A. et al. 2008). 75% of women develop VVC at least once in their lifetime (Denning et al., 2018). Candida is a benign commensal of a host of vaginal epithelial tissues. However, a variety of factors might make it have a pathogenic effect (antibiotics, diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, prior vaginal infections, age etc.). (Bitew et al.2018). Factors associated with VVC differ region by region according to sociodemographic characteristics and other factors (Arfiputri et al., 2018). In Uganda, there is an increase in resistance of conventional antifungal drugs (fluconazole and itraconazole) to non-Albicans sp. among pregnant women (Mukasa et al., 2015). This study investigates VVC among 278 women attending Hoima Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda, aiming to comprehend its prevalence, associated factors, and antifungal sensitivity patterns.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, using questionnaires and laboratory analyses. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and logistic regression were used for data analysis.
Results: The study found a VVC prevalence of 27.70%, with significant associations noted between VVC and age, HIV status, hormonal contraceptive use, and previous VVC. HIV-positive status emerged as a robust predictor of VVC, emphasizing the importance of integrated care. Antifungal sensitivity patterns underscore the need for tailored treatment approaches based on local resistance profiles.
Conclusion: This study provides critical insights into VVC epidemiology, risk factors, and management. The findings highlight the necessity of integrated healthcare models, awareness campaigns, provider training, and improved antifungal accessibility. By emphasizing the importance of translating research into policies and recommending further studies, this research contributes to advancing women's reproductive health and VVC management practice.
Keywords: vulvovaginal candidiasis, prevalence, associated factors, and susceptibility patterns