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Evaluating Construction Management Practices and Procument Standards In The Upgrade of Health Centres In The Bunyoro Sub-Region. A Case Study Of: Ministry Of Health
(Kampala International University, 2023-05) Kasaija John
Successful completion of projects in the construction industry remains a difficult task at all levels. However, the members involved in the construction team are sometimes constrained because the projects are influenced by several factors that differ, which range from internal to external factors. There has been a delay in upgrading health centers II to III in the Bunyoro Sub-Region. The research focused on evaluating the construction management practices and procurement standards in the upgrade of health centers II to III in the Bunyoro Sub-region. The objectives of the study were; to examine the level of construction management practices in the upgrade of health centers, to determine the level of procurement standards in the upgrade, to establish the relationship between construction management practices and procurement standards, and to analyze the acquired data and recommend a possible approach of improvement of the construction and procurement practices in the stated region. The study used both Quantitative and Qualitative approaches with descriptive and correlational research designs. Data were collected from 99 respondents using a questionnaire and a checklist sampling is both purposive and snowball.The study found a high level ofcontract planning and procurement standards with (aggregate mean = 3.17). This suggested that contract planning and procurement standards influenced the upgrade of health center construction projects in the Bunyoro sub-region. The study found a low level of contract implementation and procurement standards (aggregate mean = 1.83). The study found a low level of contract monitoring and procurement standards with (aggregate mean = 2.15). The study found a weak positive relationship between construction management practices and procurement standards in the upgrade of health centers by the Ministry of Health in the Bunyoro sub-region with (r = 0.489, p = 0.0000 ≤ 0.05). The findings suggest that procurement standards will improve when construction management practices Contract Planning, Implementation and Monitoring are put in place.However, successful completion of public Construction projects depends on both internal and external factors.
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Evaluation Of The Energy Content Of Municipal Solid Waste From Kabagarame Dumping Site In Bushenyi District, Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2023-05) Mutungirehi Faisal
Poor municipal solid waste management poses a very big threat to the environment as well as human health through production of leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. Modern management of waste around the world has moved from waste disposal to energy recovery through WtE; thermal conversion processes such as incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, biochemical conversion processes and chemical conversion. This study focuses on the Calorific Value of Municipal solid waste at Kabagarame dumping site in the district of Bushenyi, Uganda. Specifically, wet solid waste samples were characterized, the heating value of the wastes was determined and the impact of moisture content on the heating value was evaluated. Representative municipal solid waste samples were determined in accordance with the ASTM D5231. 1.5 kg of wet solid waste sample was picked from five different spots on a weekly basis for a period of thirteen weeks (May 2022-August 2022). These samples were then hand sorted into different categories; food waste, mixed paper, plastic, glass, wood, other organics(excluding wood, plastic, food waste & mixed paper)and other inorganics(excluding glass),weighed and then taken to the laboratory to determine the calorific value of the samples using a bomb calorimeter. The study results revealed that other organics comprise the biggest proportion of (45.25 %), food waste (24.17 %), and other inorganics (12.54 %), followed by plastics (11.38 %), and mixed paper (2.88 %), glass of all kinds (2.36 %) and wood of all kinds (1.42 %) with anoverall energy content of 16.42 MJ/kg on dry matter basis. This energy can be harnessed by different production facilities particularly Tea factories in the region through incineration process so as to generate heat necessary for their production processes. The findings also suggest that understanding the composition of municipal solid waste is essential for creating the best disposal strategy for recovering resources trapped in the wastes.
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Prevalence, Renal Ultra-Sonographic Patterns and Factors Associated with Hypertension among Primary School Children in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2020-10) William M. Waibi
Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease and public health problem whose adulthood occurrence can be traced back to childhood. Previous studies have shown an increasing trend in the magnitude of hypertension with a shift from high income to low income countries. In addition, annual increases in childhood systolic high blood pressure have been reported in children and adolescents. Hypertension has adverse consequences, including end-organ damage by adulthood. Most of the studies were conducted in high income countries and there is minimal data regarding hypertension and factors associated among primary school children living in low resource settings. Objective: To determine the prevalence, renal ultra-sonographic patterns, and factors associated with hypertension among primary school children in Bushenyi-lshaka municipality in Western Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 422 randomly selected primary school children aged 6-12 years in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality was conducted between July and September 2020. Questionnaire interviews were used to obtain socio-demographic, medical, dietary and behavioral factors data. A digital weighing scale, stadiometer, Riester sphygmomanometer, and Sonosite Titan portable ultrasound scan machine were used to measure body weight, height, blood pressure and renal ultra-sonography of participants, respectively. Data were entered using the statistical computer software package, Microsoft Excel 2019, and analyzed using Stata 14.0. The prevalence of hypertension was determined as a proportion whereas binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with hypertension and a p-value <0.05 considered for statistical significance. Results: Of the 422 study participants, 253 (60%) of them were studying in public and 169 (40%) private schools, 242 were male and 180 female, with a mean age of 9.4 ± 2.0 years, 14 (3.3%) had hypertension. Overall, 58 (13.7%) had high blood pressure. Children with a family history of overweight/obesity were more likely to have hypertension (aOR; 6.12, 95% CI: 1.33-28.27, p=0.02). Only one child with hypertension had features suggestive of renal artery stenosis on renal ultrasonography Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was relatively low. Family history of overweight/obesity was associated with hypertension in children. This study demonstrates the need for routine blood pressure monitoring especially in children with a family history of obesity. Further studies with a larger sample of children with hypertension are recommended to generate evidence regarding additional risk factors (including renal disease) for hypertension in school children in Western Uganda.
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Prevalence, Personality Traits, Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Psychotropic Medication Non-adherence in Uganda: A Hospital-Based Study
(Kampala International University., 2023-01) Niyokwizera Emmanuel
Background: Psychiatric disorders like other chronic disorders are treated by medications both in acute and in long-term management. Medication adherence is the first and main determinant of treatment success. Non-adherence to psychiatric drugs is associated with relapse, readmission and premature death. Despite the free access to medications in public institutions, non-adherence to psychotropic medications is still high in Eastern Africa but there is currently paucity of published studies on the level of psychotropic medication adherence and associated factors. Aim: To determine the prevalence of psychotropic medication non-adherence and associated personality traits, socio-demographic and clinical factors among people with mental illness at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH) and Jinja Regional Referral (JRRH) hospital.
Methods: A Hospital based cross-sectional design was used in this study. 396 adults with mental illness were recruited from outpatient clinics of KIU-TH and JRRH. Medication adherence was assessed using MARS scale while personality traits were assessed by the short form version of BFI scale. STATA 15 was used for data analysis and logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with psychotropic medication non-adherence. Resultats: The prevalence of psychotropic medication non-adherence was 46.21% and factors significantly associated with psychotropic medication non-adherence were poor family support (aOR= 6.915, CI=3.679-12.998, P<0.001), belief in witchcraft/sorcery (aOR=2.959, CI=1.488-5.884, P=0.002), having side effects (aOR=2.257, CI=1.326-3.843, P=0.003), substance use (aOR=4.174, CI=2.121-8.214, P=<0.001). Personality traits associated with psychotropic medication non-adherence were neuroticism (aOR=7.424, CI=3.890-14.168, P<0.001) and agreeableness (aOR=0.062, CI=0.024-0.160, P<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of medication non-adherence was high. Patients with poor social support, beliefs in witchcrafts, side effects, substances use and neuroticism personality traits were more likely to be non-adherent. Only patients with agreeableness trait were less likely to be non-adherent to medications.
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Prevalence, Hematological Indices and Factors Associated with Small for Gestational Age Among Neonates Delivered at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
(Kampala International University, 2023-11) Abdifatah Ahmed Hussein
Introduction: The incidence of Small for Gestational Age (SGA), it remains a global public health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Countries such as Uganda where insufficient resources are allocated for health care services, the burden of SGA constitutes a significant public health issue.
The study aimed at determining the prevalence, hematological indices and factors associated with small for gestational age among neonates at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional hospital based study among neonate-mother pairs. Participants were enrolled consecutively until the sample size of 404 was achieved. The prevalence of SGA was analyzed as percentage with its corresponding 95% CI. To determine factors associated with SGA, univariate analysis, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were run. Both unadjusted (crude) Odds Ratios with their corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and adjusted OR with their corresponding 95% CI were reported. To determine hematological indices of the neonates, variables were described in terms of mean, standard deviation, min, max and comparisons were made between SGA and Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA).
Results: The prevalence of small for gestational age was 21.30% (86/404) at a 95% CI of 17.26% – 25.38%. The factors independently associated with SGA were: Prematurity (aOR 5.22, 95%CI 2.89-13.54, P= 0.04), Maternal age of 23 – 29 years (aOR 0.11, 95%CI 0.02-0.58, P=0.009), secondary level of education (aOR 0.11, 95%CI 0.03-0.46, P=0.003), Parity of 5 – 6 (aOR 46.92, 95%CI 2.44-904.14, P=0.011), >4 ANC visits (aOR 0.11, 95%CI 0.03-0.35, P<0.001), Multiple pregnancy (aOR 3.27, 95%CI 1.41-7.62, P=0.006), Negative history of complications during pregnancy (aOR 0.19, 95%CI 0.09-0.42, P<0.001) and having no malaria during pregnancy (aOR 0.36, 95%CI 0.15-0.84, P=0.018).
Conclusion:
1. The prevalence of SGA among neonates at JRRH was high (21.30%)
2. The results of the study highlighted the significance of maternal health, prenatal care, and pregnancy-related complications in fetal growth and development.
3. The data on hematological indices in SGA neonates can contribute to the understanding of hematological profiles among SGA neonates and may have implications for their medical care and management.
Recommendations
Implement educational programs directed at pregnant women to emphasize the importance of prenatal care, good nutrition, and healthy lifestyle choices throughout pregnancy. Regular Comprehensive ANC. Malaria Prevention and Management. Long-term follow-up studies to evaluate the health and developmental outcomes of SGA newborns