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Child Labour and Female Education Rights in Waberi District, Somalia.
(2024) Badria Nur Mohamed
The study aimed at examining the effects of child labor on the education rights of female primary students in Waberi-Somalia, based on the Structural Strains theory. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of child labor on education enrolment of female students in primary schools in Waberi District, Somalia, to assess the effect of child labor on education retention of female students in primary schools in Waberi District, Somalia, and to examine the effect of child labor on the educational performance of female students in primary schools in Waberi District, Somalia. The study was based on both Structural Strains theory and Idealistic Theory of Rights. A sample size of 232 households was selected out of a target population of 550 using Slovene's formula. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and interviews. The study found that the effect of child labor on the education enrollment of female students was significant (mean = 2.96). Addressing child labor and promoting girls' access to quality education were identified as crucial areas for intervention. The findings also revealed a substantial impact of child labor on education retention (mean = 2.87). Recommendations included addressing child labor, providing financial incentives, creating safe learning environments, and challenging gender norms. The study indicated a noteworthy effect of child labor on the educational performance of female students (mean = 2.87). Mitigating this impact requires addressing child labor practices, providing academic support, and creating an environment conducive to balancing responsibilities. The study concluded that child labor negatively affects pupils' performance, attendance, and access to scholastic materials. Child labor primarily targets poverty-affected and vulnerable children. The existing laws on child protection need reinforcement, and efforts should focus on eliminating child labor to ensure a promising next generation and align with Sustainable Development Goals. From the findings and conclusions made the student recommended that the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development should lead coordination efforts, enact stringent laws against child labor, and ensure effective enforcement. More so the National Committee on Child Labor should guide, sensitize, and support programs against child labor, integrating concerns into policy reviews, plans, budgets, and activities. Furthermore, the Child Labor Unit should coordinate the implementation of anti-child labor program activities at the focal point. The study highlights the urgency of addressing child labor to improve educational outcomes and underscores the importance of collaboration between government agencies, committees, and local communities in tackling this pervasive issue in Waberi, Somalia. The recommendations aim to pave the way for a more promising future and align with broader development goals.
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Armed Conflict and Violence against Women in Mabaan County, “Upper Nile State” South Sudan
(2024) Amina Alsir Nango Bilal
The study sought to examine the armed conflict and violence against women in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, and South Sudan. The study was guided by the following objectives; to establish the effect of Armed conflict in sexual violence in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan, to examine the effect of armed conflict on forced marriages in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan and to examine the effect of armed conflict on women abductions in Mabaan County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. The study applied a descriptive correlation research design which was used because it brought out in-depth insight regarding the study variables. The study population involved 140 participants where 5 top managers, 2 officials from human resource department, 12 employees or staff and 121 were the remaining selected women residents were available. The study's findings revealed a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of 0.972, indicating a robust and positive relationship between armed conflict and sexual violence. The significance level of 0.00 strongly rejected the null hypothesis, suggesting a significant association between these two variables. Consequently, the adoption of the alternative hypothesis was necessitated, indicating that armed conflict indeed had a substantial and positive correlation with sexual violence. The study concludes that, a compelling association between armed conflict and increased instances of sexual violence against women. The statistical data, particularly the strong correlation coefficient and its significance, emphasized the profound impact of conflict on the prevalence of sexual violence. These findings underscore the urgent need for robust preventive measures and interventions to safeguard women against the heightened risk of sexual violence during conflict. The study recommends that there is need to improve the collection and reporting of data regarding incidents of sexual violence during armed conflicts. Accurate and comprehensive data will provide a clearer understanding of the nature and extent of these incidents, aiding in developing targeted interventions. It was recommended that there is need to develop and implement preventive programs that focus on addressing the root causes of sexual violence during conflict. And long-term reforms on the leadership aspect, especially reinforcing administrative accountability so that it can remain and contribute to the socioeconomic aspects of the country.
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Accountability and Socio-Economic Development in Middle Shabelle Region, Somalia
(2024) Ali Abdi Yusuf
This research aimed at investigating the effects of accountability on socio-economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. The objectives were to examine the effects of political accountability on socio-economic development, to determine the effects of administrative accountability on socio-economic development, and to find out the effects of legal accountability on socio-economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. This research study was underpinned by the liberalism theory stated by John Locke (1632–1704). The researcher used a correlational research design to establish the facts regarding political instability and economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. Data from the questionnaires were edited, coded, and entered into a computer, and the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) program was used to analyze it. The test of significance for the regression model was determined by using ANOVA. The coefficient of determination, (r2), was the square of the sample correlation coefficient between outcomes and predicted values. Findings showed that the results on the Pearson's Linear Coefficient Correlation showed that r = 0.298, Sig. value = 0.005 < P value at 0.05. The overall mean reveals that the effects of legal accountability on socio-economic development in Somalia had a mean rate of 2.88 and a standard deviation of 0.78, estimated at 78%, and was high. Additionally, the results on the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were r = 0.493, Sig. value = 0.000 < P value at 0.05. The researcher concluded that political accountability is one of the fundamental prerequisites for successful socio-economic development in a country. The researcher recommended that the Federal Government of Somalia should undertake serious and long-term reforms on the leadership aspect, especially reinforcing administrative accountability so that it can remain and contribute to the socioeconomic aspects of the country.
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Poor Hygiene and Its Associated Factors: A Case Study of Selected Healthcare Facilities in South Sudan
(2024) Tap John Puol
The increasing negative risks and effects of poor hygiene on the people's heath have called for investigation. This study aimed at assessing poor hygiene and its associated factors in selected healthcare facilities in South Sudan. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using a mixed-methods approach. The questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data from 384 respondents. The findings indicated several individual factors responsible for poor hygiene, including improper waste disposal, failure to follow infection prevention protocols by patients and visitors, a lack of awareness about hygiene practices, and issues with contaminated water leading to foodborne illnesses. Most respondents agreed that these factors significantly impact the selected healthcare facilities' hygiene standards. Majority of respondents acknowledged that unsafe and unsanitary surroundings contribute to disease spread (34.93% agreed, 28.76% strongly agreed). However, opinions were divided on the impact of improper waste management (49.31% were unsure). Absignificant number of respondents strongly agreed that inadequate waste disposal bins contribute to poor hygiene (45.20%), with additional agreement from others (34.24%). Overcrowding was noted to strain water and sanitation infrastructure, with varying levels of agreement among respondents. Insufficient waste bins were cited as attracting pests, with a majority agreeing that this contributes to poor hygiene. These findings imply that addressing individual behaviour, such as improving awareness and compliance with hygiene protocols could significantly enhance hygiene practices in South Sudanese healthcare facilities furthermore, the study suggests that improving infrastructure, increasing staffing levels, and enhancing operational practices are crucial for addressing hygiene challenges in South Sudanese healthcare facilities.
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Social Strata among Captive Chimpanzees’ Community and their Rehabilitation Process at Uganda Wildlife Conservation Education Center
(2024) Mirembe Dan
Chimpanzees in the wild live in cohesive social units known as communities, where kinship and social strata significantly influence group dynamics. However, threats such as habitat destruction, illegal wildlife trade, poaching, the bush meat crisis, climate change, and diseases disrupt this social structure, especially for rescued chimpanzees, leading to longterm behavioral changes in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate the social and intergroup dynamics of the chimpanzee community at UWEC and how these factors affect their rehabilitation process. Using experimental and observational research designs—including focal, scan, ad-libitum, and all-occurrence sampling techniques—the study found a moderate positive correlation between aggression and mating behavior (r = 0.3) and a strong negative correlation between grooming behavior and both aggression and mating (r = -0.7). The chimpanzee community was categorized into four social strata, with Stratum 2 having the highest number of individuals, appearing 91 times between a lower bound of 17.6 and an upper bound of 40.7 at a 0.05 significance level. The findings highlight the importance of understanding social strata when rehabilitating rescued chimpanzees, as these dynamics influence group behavior and cohesion. By considering individual social positions, caretakers can better manage rehabilitation and release strategies, minimizing conflicts and enhancing the chimpanzees’ long-term well-being. Early intervention during juvenile or infant stages is crucial for successful rehabilitation, and promoting grooming behavior may help reduce aggression in captivity. The study recommends training more caretakers in ethology and expanding research collaborations with academic and conservation organizations to improve chimpanzees’ rehabilitation practices and their conservation efforts globally.