Browsing by Author "Herman, Lule"
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- ItemEpidemiology and prehospital factors associated with Injury severity of motorcycle related femoral fractures At Mbarara and Kampala international university teaching Hospitals(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2017-07) Herman, LuleBackground: Motorcycle related femoral fractures constitute a poorly documented trauma entity in Uganda. There is paucity of data on socio-demographic, anatomical and prehospital determinants of motorcycle related femoral fracture injury severity. Knowledge of most at risk of poor injury outcome in resource limited settings with no formal prehospital care system is not only mandatory for evidence based preventive policy formulation but also guidance of clinical practice. Objectives: To determine socio-demographic characteristics, anatomical patterns and prehospital factors associated with injury severity of motorcycle related femoral fractures at two teaching hospitals in Uganda, using the Kampala Trauma Score II (KTSII). Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive and analytical hospital based six months study of consecutively recruited patients, using investigator-administered questionnaire at the Accident and Emergency Departments of Mbarara and Kampala International University Teaching Hospitals in Western Uganda, between December 2016 and June 2017. Ethical clearance was obtained from Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research and Ethics Committee (IRB No.l9/l 0-16). Data including history, clinical examination and radiological findings were recorded on a pretested coded questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis and Odds ratios were computed using IBM SPSS 20.0. Statistics for windows (Armonk. NY: IBM Corp) at 95% Confidence Interval and P=0.05 as statistically significant results: Of 230 patients, the mean age was 32 years (Std. Deviation 18.5 years), with male to female ratio of 2.4: l. The femoral shaft 72.6% (n=l67) was the most fractured anatomical site. Being a passenger on a motorcycle (OR 1.636; 95% CI [1.261-3.417; P=0.007), receiving no first aid before arrival (OR 2.106; 95% CI [1.818-2.495]; P
- ItemEpidemiology of Coccidian Parasites in HIV Patients of Northern Uganda(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2015-04) Echoru, Isaac; Herman, Lule; Micheni, Lisa; Ajagun-Ogunleye, Mulkah O.; Kalange, Muhamudu; Kasozi, Keneth IcelandAim: The epidemiology of coccidian parasites in HIV patients of sub-sahara Africa is poorly understood. This study aimed at determining the epidemiology of coccidian parasites and their associated risk factors. This was a cross sectional study carried out in Arua district in West Nile region of Northern Uganda for a period of five months. Materials and Methods: Participants in the study included HIV positive patients presenting with diarrhea. A total of 111 patients were included and classified into children, middle aged and adults. A structured questionnaire was administered, stool samples were obtained using sterile stool containers and laboratory analysis carried out using modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique (ZN). Ethical clearance was acquired and the consent of the patients was sought. Results and Discussion: Prevalence of Coccidian parasites among HIV patients was found to be 5.4% and Cryptosporidium parvum showed more prevalence than Isospora belli and Cyclospora cayatenensis i.e. (3.6%), (1.8%) and (0.0%) respectively. Most Cryptosporidium parvum infections occurred in children (13.6%) compared to adults (3.3%); with a significant relationship of (p = 0.02). The infection was higher in females (7.1%) than males (2.4%) (p = 0.19). The major risk factors associated with the disease were mainly consumption of contaminated and un-boiled water from taps and boreholes. HIV patients who took co-trimoxazole and drunk boiled water were shown to have a low prevalence of coccidian parasites of 1.9% and 2.6% respectively (p<0.05). This is because cotrimoxazole is a prophylactic drug for opportunistic infections and proper boiling of drinking water kills coccidian parasites. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study highlighted the importance and need to screen for coccidian parasites and emphasis on regular taking of prophylactic treatment as a way of controlling opportunistic infections in HIV patients. Future prevalence studies of Coccidia amongst healthy, HIV sero-negative children and adults of similar age groups in similar settings are recommended to ratify the relationship.