Browsing by Author "Maniga, Josephat Nyabayo"

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    Drug resistant plasmodium falciparum parasites: a review of the resistance and failure of malaria eradication
    (IJBAMR, 2015-12) Maniga, Josephat Nyabayo; Emmanuel, Eilu; Onkoba, Sarah Kemuma; Aliero, Adamu Almustapha; Miruka, Conrad Ondieki; Micheni, Lisa Nkatha
    Malaria infection remains the leading vector borne disease in the world today. Given the increasing report of resistance or poor responses to artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTS), the sub-Saharan African region affected by the disease might receive a repeat of what happened during the emergence of chloroquine and sulfadoxine pyremethamine resistance. If such case arises, the malaria control efforts in the region may be compromised and the little success gained of intervention efforts may be eroded. Although the world has currently embraced the use of recommended artemisinin combination based therapies (ACTS) for the treatment of uncomplicated p. malaria. Current assessment of drug susceptibility and level of circulating resistant Plasmodium parasites is not full elucidated. Assessment of P. falciparum is thus necessary to sustain quality control programmes, appropriate use of therapy, and health policy advice in respect of malaria management in countries where malaria is endemic. This current paper brings out the challenge of antimalarial resistance in malaria eradication agenda.
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    Factors Affecting Adherence to Anti-retroviral Therapy at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi District, Uganda
    (American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine, 2016) Dwoki, Wani Buyu; Miruka, Conrad Ondieki; Maniga, Josephat Nyabayo; Onchweri, Albert Nyanchoka
    Complex regimens present significant challenges to both patients and health-care providers with respect to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) treatment adherence. Improper adherence leads to poor suppression of HIV replication in infected cells. High level of ART treatment adherence leads to better viral suppression outcomes. Proper maintenance of ART treatment adherence over time remains a problematic area especially in resource limited settings, including sub-Saharan African countries. The western region of Uganda has been noted to have a high prevalence of HIV patients. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the factors associated with nonadherence among the HIV patients on ART in a teaching hospital in south-western Uganda. Findings of the study revealed that forgetting treatment was the most cited factor. Feeling better after some medication period, being too ill to take medication, stigma associated with taking ART medication, alcohol consumption and drug stock out were also identified to be associated to non-adherence among the study participants. Most of the patients in this study (150/255, 58.8%) had good adherence, followed by those who had fair rates of adherence (60/255, 23.5%). Forty five patients (17.6%) had the least adherence level. Findings also showed that females were most likely to miss their medication. The age groups of 30-39 and 40-49 were the most likely not to adhere to medications compared to the other age groups while the 0-19 and above 50 years age groups were most likely not to miss their medication. The separated patients were more likely to miss medication compared to others. Patients who had attended only primary education and those who attended tertiary level of education were most likely to be non-adherent to medication. Deliberate measures need to be taken to cater for the non-adherent patients. Interventions aimed at the high-risk nonadherence groups need to be specifically developed.