Browsing by Author "Matthew Chibunna Igwe"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Clinical characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS on ART in 2014 at tertiary health institutions in Enugu, Nigeria.
    (2022) Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor
    Background information: Survival of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased since the emergency of High Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in 1996. HIV cascades have been constructed so that the final outcome is one that will have a positive effect on reducing HIV incidence, morbidity and mortality by suppressing the viral load and thereby increased the CD4 cell counts. The study was aimed to determine the Longitudinal Cascade and Survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in tertiary health institutions in Enugu state. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study population consisted of those diagnosed for HIV/AIDS at tertiary health institutions in Enugu State. The total numbers of clients enrolled were 793 and 249 clients were loss to follow up, majority was males. Those initiated on ART were 544. Clients of age <15 years were excluded and they were 31 clients. Finally, 500 clients were selected, males were 138 and female were 362 by simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected from HIV / AIDS patients ART record cards, registers and institutions data units for those initiated on ART in 2014 using a designed proforma. Those clients aged 15 years and above were retrospectively studied between 2014 and 2018 and some of them that survived after five years (60 months) on ART were interviewed by applying simple random sampling technique. Cohort inclusion begins at initiation on ART with follow-up clinical information collected year by year for five years. IBM SPSS statistics version 24.0 was used. Chi square test was used to assess association between categorical variables and the level of statistical significance of the proportions was determined by a P-value less than 0.05. Manual content analysis was used for the interview and probability of dying and surviving analysis. Results: The majority of the baseline CD4 cell count results presented by clients before initiated on ART were within 100-199 cell/mm3 106 (23.1%). This was followed by those within 200-299 cell/mm3 105 (22.9%). The least baseline results were those within the group ≤ 50 cell/mm3, 33 (7.17%). In all, 460 people presented their CD4 cell count baseline results before placed on ART. CD4 cell count results at 60 month indicate that those clients of CD4 cell count results group ≥ 500, 160 (51.1%) were highest, followed by group within 400- 499, 300-399 and 200-299 which while 92 (29.4%), 45 (14.4%) and 16 (5.1%) respectively. Conclusion: Based on the study, HIV prevalence in Nigeria now appears to have assumed a downward trend following the availability of ART and a relative stability from 2012 to 2018, yet a sustained and more effective intervention is still needed to avert increase incidence by mostat– risk subpopulations in the Enugu State.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Clinical characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS on ART in 2014 attertiary health institutions in Enugu, Nigeria
    (2014) Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor
    In the current industrialized world, uses of batteries have gained importance as a result of its high performance and energy storage system. Though, battery was considered safe and produced less carbon foot print, it also has its ill effects such as heavy metal contamination in water and soil, which is also at its threshold to be addressed. Here comes the concern, about the elevated heavy metal concentration especially chromium in the environment and its health hazards exerted over all living organisms. Thus, as an approach towards the bio sorption of chromium from environment, fungal isolates obtained from soil samples of HEB effluent were screened for their resistance and efficiency. Among the 36 fungal isolates attained, Aspergillus was found to be most predominant in both eastern and western area, as well as more resistant to chromium even at 1000 ppm. On further optimization of pH, Temperature, incubation period, carbon source, nitrogen source and phosphorous, it concluded that medium with Glucose, malt extract and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 5 showed significant growth and proficient absorption of chromium under static condition. The 18s rRNA gene sequencing of the effectual organism revealed to be Aspergillus niger (KY354579) with 99 % according to BLAST analysis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Combatting Stigma: Essential Steps in Halting HIV Spread
    (Journal of Applied Sciences, 2024) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Edward Odogbu Odo; Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu; Esther U. Alum; Puche Racheal Okwaja
    Stigma remains a formidable obstacle in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, impeding effective prevention, testing, and treatment initiatives. This review article aims to delve into the pivotal role of combatting stigma as a fundamental strategy in mitigating the spread of HIV. By examining the multifaceted nature of stigma and elucidating essential steps to counteract it, this article underscores the urgency and significance of destigmatization efforts in achieving optimal public health outcomes. The review explores various forms of stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, delineates their impact on prevention and treatment, and proposes critical measures such as education, community engagement, policy interventions, healthcare provider training, and media advocacy. Emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach, this review underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts to foster a stigma-free environment, ultimately contributing to the cessation of HIV transmission and improved health outcomes for affected populations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Disaster Fallout: Impact of Natural Calamities on HIV Control
    (IAA Journal of Applied Sciences, 2024) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Edward Odogbu Odo; Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu; Esther U. Alum; Puche Racheal Okwaja
    Natural calamities possess a profound and multifaceted impact on HIV control, posing significant challenges to the infrastructure and initiatives aimed at managing the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This review scrutinizes the intricate dynamics between natural disasters and HIV control efforts, elucidating the disruptions these calamities create within prevention, treatment, and care programs. The repercussions extend from compromised healthcare services, heightened vulnerability among affected populations, to the impeded execution of preventive measures. Understanding the interplay between disasters and HIV control is pivotal for devising adaptive strategies capable of sustaining effective interventions during and in the aftermath of catastrophic events. This review amalgamates insights from existing literature, delving into the complexities and proposing mitigation strategies to fortify HIV control in disaster-prone regions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Efficiency of Full Blood Count in Routine Patient Diagnosis: A Systematic Review
    (International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Ziana Kalyankolo; Chimaobi Chukwuemeka Nwankpa; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    Full blood count is one of the critical laboratory tests. It provides information about the production of all blood cells, identifies the patient's ability to carry oxygen by evaluating red blood cell counts, and allows for immune system evaluation by assessing white blood cell counts with differential. This test helps diagnose anaemia, certain cancers, infections, and many others, as well as monitor the side effects of certain medications. For this reason, medical laboratories are flooded with a large number of blood and tissue samples that need to be analyzed as accurately as possible and in the shortest possible time. Moreover, it has different advantages, such as being cheap, simple to perform, and availability in different departments, from the emergency room to the critical care unit. Due to its usefulness in the assessment of health status of individuals, its parameters in cord blood, a major source of haemopoietic stem cell transplantation and an ideal source for laboratory investigations for newborns were determined to provide a useful guide to local neonatologists and stem cell transplant physicians. Therefore, it is critical to utilize this laboratory test to provide better care for patients.