Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review
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Date
2016-09
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
International Journal of One Health. Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences Ishaka, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000 Kampala, Uganda
Abstract
Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in
millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk
products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through
contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through
direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its
impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where
the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory.
The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar.
Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from
animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this
ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental
health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights
the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to
this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.
Description
Available at www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.2/6.pdf
P. H. Bamaiyi, e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords
Animals, Brucellosis, Human, Prevalence, Risk factors
Citation
Bamaiyi PH. Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review. Int J One Health 2016;2:29-34.