Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery(MBchB)

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    Risk factors and socio-economic burden of chronic osteomylitis amongst patients admitted on surgical ward of Kampala International University teaching hospital
    (Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-11) Kalinzi, Deo
    Background: Chronic osteomyelitis is a severe, persistent and sometimes incapacitating infection of the bone or bone marrow caused by bacteria or fungal infection when enters bone tissue from bloodstream, due to injury or surgery with Staphylococcus aureus as the leading cause followed by haemophilus influenza and salmonella infection in sickle cell patient ( Schmitt, 2017). Methodology: A retrospective data collection method was used and files of 400 patients who were admitted on surgical ward in Kampala international university teaching hospital from June 2012 to July 2017 were reviewed. Questionnaires were filled and Microsoft word was used to analyze data. The data was presented in form of pie charts, Bar graphs, frequency table. Results: There were 285(71.25%) males and 115(28.75%) females, 60% of the patients were between 16-30years of age, and 77.5% of patients come from rural areas, urban areas accounted for 22.5% and 70% of them unemployed with biggest percentage of 60% primary drop outs. The risk factors for chronic osteomyelitis noted among patients included upper respiratory tract infections with 43%, 25% trauma, 10% HIV/AIDs, 8% surgery, 7% poor hygiene, 2%DM, 0.05% SCD among others were noted. 85% of patients were diagnosed using x-ray, 5%blood culture which indicated staphylococcus aureus as the cause and salmonella in SCD with CBC, CRP and ESR as baseline investigations were used scoring 8% and 2%MRI. Antibiotics including ceftriaxone, flucamox and cloxacillin in 36% patients and sequestrectomy in 62% of patients plus amputation in 1% of patients were used as management modalities. 50% of patients were hospitalized for 3months with a charge between 131.6-263.2 US dollars on discharge , 35% for one month charged between 52.6- 131.6 US dollars followed by 10% six months with a charge of 263.2 -789.5 US dollars and 5% > six months were the least charged >789.5 US dollars. 70% ended up with inability to walk, 20% with pathological fractures, 6% internal fixators and 4% had no complications. Conclusion: chronic osteomyelitis is still a socio-economic burden with catastrophic and irreversible complications which needs effective and urgent preventive and curative measures within the community.
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    Prevalence of surgical injuries, the commonest causes of the same and uptake of pep amongst health workers at Jinja regional referral hospital
    (Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-11) Kirabira, Tonny
    A needle stick surgical injury is said to have occurred if a medical practitioner punctures the skin with a needle or sharp instrument that has been in contact with a patient’s blood. Splashing of blood or other body fluids to the conjunctiva is also included. OBJECTIVE; To determine the prevalence of surgical injuries, commonest causes attributed to the same and uptake of PEP amongst health workers at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. METHODS; A descriptive cross sectional retrospective study was used with 168 documents reviewed. RESULTS; The study revealed a significant number of HCWs getting needle prick accidents and majority of these being nurses (35%) and interns (20%). 38% of accidents occur in the procedure rooms and 29% in the inpatient department wards and 20% of the injuries occurred in theatre. Majority, (48%) of the injuries occur during the night when HCWs are on night shift. Surgical needle manipulation 23%, disposal 17% and IV access 15% were the biggest culprit processes responsible for most injuries. Syringe needles were responsible for 36% of injuries followed by suture needles which were responsible for 26%, phlebotomy needles, 15%, IV cannula 12% and scalpel 11%. 68 HCWs were started on PEP after the NSI with 58 of them getting well and only 4 of them acquiring an infection. RECOMMENDATIONS; Refresher courses are required for HCWs who are less experienced. Safety guidelines need to be pinned in visually accessible sites in both procedure rooms and inpatient wards since most injuries occur there for easy reference in case need arises. Strict and proper schedule programming for staff and adequate breaks after long working hours to avoid fatigue. Closer monitoring and possible daily counseling of workers that have been initiated on PEP treatment.
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    Factors affecting the use of family planning among HIV positive women attending Fortportal regional referral hospital Kabarole District
    (Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-08) Hauwa, Shitu Balarabe
    Introduction: use of contraceptives among HIV positive women is a matter of reproductive health importance both for the woman, the sexual partner and the unborn child in the eventuality of a pregnancy. Other than protecting the discordant sexual partner from contracting the disease, transmission of the disease to the child, contraceptives also prevent against unwanted pregnancies thus saving the family from the burdens that come with it. The study was about assessing the knowledge and factors affecting practice of HIV positive women towards family planning. Objective: To identify the factors affecting the use of family planning among HIV positive women attending FortPortal Regional Referral Hospital in Kabarole district, in order to identify the gaps and find interventions required to overcome challenges. Method: A cross sectional descriptive and analytical study which employed both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, and which involved 86 HIV positive women was used. Results: The knowledge concerning FP was 87.21% with sources being health workers, friends or colleagues, traditional healers and grandmothers. Usage of FP methods was low at 41.86% with factors significantly associated with FP use being socio-economic status, education level, marital status and socio-economic status of respondents. Conclusion: Family planning use among women living with HIV in Kabarole District is low and thus needs to be scaled up. Level of education, marital status, socioeconomic factors and distance from a health facilities were found to be statistically significant in influencing contraceptive use among HIV positive women. There is need to counsel them enough to use family planning methods which will reduce on the number of children they are to have and also encourage them to continue using Antiretroviral drugs to ensure their health is safe. People living with HIV should be educated and availed with family planning methods at a cheap cost to avoid them from unwanted pregnancies.
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    Utilization of contraceptives and the associated factors among students of Kampala International University western campus ishaka – Busenyi District Uganda
    (Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-11) Nakyeyune, Lillian Monica
    Over 100 million acts of sexual intercourse take place each day in the world,resulting in around 3 million conceptions of which 50% are unplanned and 25%definitely unwanted. The proportion of young women reporting unintended pregnancy and unmet need for contraception remains high in developing countries. Unintended pregnancies are associated with increased risk of unsafe abortions, maternal morbidity and mortality. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the lifetime risk of death due to pregnancy is 1:22 in sub- Saharan Africa, with adolescents facing a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than older women. The objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of contraceptives use, socio-demographic factors and individual factors and their associated among KIU students from selected faculties/schools.This study employed a descriptive, cross sectional study design with a sample size of 330 students from school of Allied Health sciences, faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, faculty of Education, and school of Nursing. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data from the survey were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 20.0). The Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) among post-secondary students was higher than national target of 50% by 2020 and it was associated with a couple of factors including; Student’s age, sex/gender, marital status, academic year of study, religion, knowledge & awareness, preference for contraceptive, affordability, accessibility and availability, easy usability and safety of the a preferred contraceptive method. Better informed students on sexual rights and reproductive health are empowered to use contraceptives more than others. Stake holders should Design, launch and implement inclusive youth friendly services, adolescent sexual and reproductive health programs prioritizing use of contraceptives, students’ empowerment in regard to sexual rights and reproductive health, behavioral change communications, and create enabling environment for contraceptive use.
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    Factors contributing to the prevalence of malaria in children under five (5) years in Kampala International University teaching hospital.
    (Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-10) Musolo, Allan Zelogoyi
    Enhanced malaria control has resulted in its reduction in some areas of Sub Saharan Africa including Uganda. However, asymptomatic hosts serve as a reservoir for the malaria parasite for communities. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria parasites and risk factors associated with malaria infection among children under-five years admitted on pediatric ward of Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. Methods: This community-based cross sectional study was conducted from 1st-October-2017 to 1st- December 2017 among children under five years admitted on paediatric ward. Interviews with parents or guardians were conducted to collect data on malaria associated risk factors. Results: A total of 138 children were included in the study. Nearly a third (28.8%) of the children were within the age of 25-36 months. The majority (70%) of the children were females. Children who were not sleeping under insecticide treated nets were 15 times more likely to be infected with malaria parasites compared to those who were sleeping under nets Conclusion: It is important to understand the determinants of malaria so that effective monitoring and evaluation of malaria can be carried out. This study showed the importance of socioeconomic status as well as education in the fight against malaria. The asymptomatic infections in the community forms a reservoir for transmission in the area. Young age of the child and not sleeping under mosquito net were associated with malaria parasite infection. It is important to ensure that resources are channeled in order to optimize prevention strategies that are put in place. Once the population is empowered, then preventive strategies for malaria elimination can then be implemented successfully and if the population is educated, then it is able to understand better the strategies in place and implement them successfully. The government must be economically sound in order to effectively implement the malaria control strategies so resources must be in place to implement malaria control strategies as well as sustaining them. Key words Malaria, Children, Prevalence, Risk factors, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital