Evauation of Hepato-nephroprotective effects of methanol extract of punica in High Active Antiretroviral Therapy induced toxicity in Wistar rats
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Date
2023-02-21
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Kampala International University
Abstract
Background: Prolonged use of HAART has been linked to toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. There are few effective drugs for HAART patients that not only promote renal tubule and hepatic cell regeneration but also prevent liver and kidney injury. It is critical to look for affordable, efficient, and safe medications to supplement the already prescribed medications with questionable efficacy and safety. This includes using herbal remedies to treat HAART-related liver and kidney damage Aim of the study: To investigate the hepato-nephroprotective effects of methanol fruit extract of Punica granatum in highly active antiretroviral therapy (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir) administered rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats weighing between 150-180g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of five rats. Distilled water was given to the rats in group 1. Only TLD, a HAART based treatment, was given to the rats in group 2. P. granatum at doses 100 and 400 mg/kg was given to rats in groups 3 through 4. P. granatum dosages of 100 and 400 mg/kg along with TLD were given to the rats in groups 5 through 6, respectively. For 40 days straight, the therapies were given orally. Under halothane anesthesia, all rats were sacrificed on day 41. Liver and kidney tissues were utilized for oxidative stress markers and histological evaluation, and blood sampl8es were taken to examine biochemical parameters. Results: In the HAART (TLD) treated group, there was a significantly higher amount of lipid peroxidation end product, MDA, in both liver and kidney homogenates as well as a significantly lower level of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. As measured by ALT, AST, ALP, Albumin, bilirubin, Urea, and creatinine in the biochemical analysis, animals treated with HAART (TLD) had significantly higher levels of these biomarkers of liver and kidney damage than the normal control animals. In contrast, all of these liver and kidney function markers were returned to normal levels in the HAART-treated group after coadministration of P. granatum fruit extract. The liver and kidney tissue of animals given HAART had considerable structural damage, according to histopathological studies. When HAART-exposed rats were treated with PG, both the biochemical and histological results significantly improved. Conclusion: The antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of methanol fruit extract of P. granatum provided efficient defense against the liver and kidney oxidative damage caused by HAART. More research is needed to determine the safety of using PG fruit extract in humans.