Effects Of Phenolic Rich Fraction Of Solanum betaceum (tamarillo) Fruit-Extract On Selected Biochemical Markers Of Atorvastatin Induced Hepato-Myotoxicity In Female Wistar Rats.
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Date
2023-09
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Kampala International University
Abstract
Background: Atorvastatin, is an antihyperlipidemic medication which induces myopathy and hepatotoxicity. Solanum betaceum (tamarillo)is a common fruit in Uganda and very rich in antioxidant phytochemicals, involved in the scavenging of the free radicals that are usually produced as a result of oxidative stress.
Aim: The study's objective was to ascertain the impact of the phenolic-rich fraction of S. betaceum fruit extract (PRFSBFE) on selected biochemical indicators of atorvastatin-induced hepatic-myotoxicity in female rats.
Methods: A total of thirty (30) female Wistar albino rats were randomly signed into five experimental groups with six (6) rats each. Group 1(normal control) received distilled water only. Group 2(Negative control) received 80 mg/kg/ body weight (b.w) Atorvastatin only. Groups 3 -5(test groups) received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/ b.w of PRFFESB 90 minutes before 80 mg/kg b.wAtorvastatin respectively. The rats were on normal rat pellets and the treatment was once a day for 28 days. The bioactive compounds of PRFSBFE were analyzed with the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) technique.
Results: The results of the GCMS analysis of the PRFFESB revealed one hundred forty-five bioactive compounds with 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (16.455 %), 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6- methyl- (16.325 %), But-2-enedioic acid, dimethyl ester (7. 700 %), 2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-methylene-(5.564 %) and Heptyl ethyl phosphonofluoridate (4.370 %) as the major constituents (high peak values) while 2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-, ethyl ester (0.001%) as the least abundant (low peak values). Atorvastatin administration in female rats significantly (p<0.05) elevated the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase, levels of bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) with the reduction in the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase Interestingly, PRFFESB administration 90 minutes before atorvastatin in the female Wistar albino rats markedly restored the altered liver, muscle, and oxidative stress markers
Conclusion: PRFFESB protected against atorvastatin-induced hepato-myotoxicity by lowering oxidative stress and serum levels of AST, ALT, bilirubin, CK, and LDH.