Browsing by Author "Getrude Uzoma Obeagu"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 43
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A review of factor associated with alcohol abuse among youths.
    (2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    Alcohol is an intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine and liquor. Alcohol is produced by fermentation of yeast, sugar and starches. Alcohol abuse is a maladaptive pattern of use of a psychoactive substance, indicated by continued use despite of knowledge of having persistent or recurrent social, occupational, physiological or physical problems that are caused or exacerbated by the use. The major factors that contribute to alcohol abuse among youth are environmental factors which include availability, presence of local breweries and persuasive advertisements followed by socio-economic factors like unemployment, peer pressure, social norms, stress, boredom, family neglect among others. The effects of alcohol abuse are poverty, gastric ulcers, death
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Review of Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Neonate with False Tooth Extraction
    (Journal of Scientific Research, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Neema Bizimana Gloria; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; P.C. Okechukwu Ugwu
    False tooth extraction is a cultural practice which have been reported in countries in Sub-Saharan as a management of fever, difficult in breastfeeding and diarrhoea in infants, and this has been thought to increase infant mortality. When false tooth is diagnosed it is advices before performing tooth extraction in neonate to wait for the commensal flora of the intestine to become established and to produce vitamin K, which is essential for the production of prothrombin in the liver. Thus, it is safer to wait until a child is 10 days old before extracting the tooth.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Review on Cervical Cancer Vaccination
    (Eurasian Experiment Journal of Public Health, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Yakubu Sunday Bot; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Adekemi Linda Adejare
    Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Approximately 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries, but mortality varies 18-fold worldwide. The introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in many countries has significantly reduced HPV specific infection rates. Several studies have investigated the HPV vaccine intake [5-6] and found that the intake was low Lack of knowledge and passive attitudes have been reported to be one of the reasons for this low intake. Women's knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination was found to be low. HPV vaccination coverage is low, which is related to urban living and HPV awareness.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Systematic Review on Hypertension and its Management
    (International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    Hypertension is a public health problem which has cut across all spheres of life and walks of life. From the literature review, the researcher has found that most hypertensive patients are less engaged in healthy behaviours because of knowledge deficit. The literature reviews also indicated that gender, age, level of education, lifestyle, and compliance to treatment regimen had significant association with healthy behaviours in patients with hypertension.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Advancements in Immune Augmentation Strategies for HIV Patients
    (IAA Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther Ugo Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu
    The management of HIV has witnessed a transformative shift owing to innovative approaches aimed at bolstering immune status in affected individuals. The landscape of HIV treatment has undergone a profound transformation with the emergence of innovative approaches dedicated to fortifying the immune status of individuals living with the virus. This abstract provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of groundbreaking strategies aimed at augmenting immune health in HIV patients. Encompassing advancements in immunotherapy, personalized medicine, lifestyle modifications, and telemedicine, this overview highlights the promising trajectory and potential impact of these novel interventions in the realm of HIV care. By exploring the multifaceted dimensions of immune enhancement strategies, this abstract sets the stage for a deeper understanding of these innovative approaches and their pivotal role in shaping the future of HIV management
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Advancements in Immune Augmentation Strategies for HIV Patients
    (Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther Ugo Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu9
    The management of HIV has witnessed a transformative shift owing to innovative approaches aimed at bolstering immune status in affected individuals. The landscape of HIV treatment has undergone a profound transformation with the emergence of innovative approaches dedicated to fortifying the immune status of individuals living with the virus. This abstract provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of groundbreaking strategies aimed at augmenting immune health in HIV patients. Encompassing advancements in immunotherapy, personalized medicine, lifestyle modifications, and telemedicine, this overview highlights the promising trajectory and potential impact of these novel interventions in the realm of HIV care. By exploring the multifaceted dimensions of immune enhancement strategies, this abstract sets the stage for a deeper understanding of these innovative approaches and their pivotal role in shaping the future of HIV management.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An Insight of Interleukin -6 and Fibrinogen: In Regulating the Immune System
    (Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Emmanuel Muhimbura; Byamungu Pahari; Kagenderezo; Sarah Nakyeyune; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    The role of the liver as a critical part of the immune system involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. As a major source of acute phase proteins, including components of the complement system. Hepatocytes are an important part of innate immunity and play an important role in controlling inflammatory responses throughout the body. Acute-phase protein production in hepatocytes is controlled by various cytokines released during the inflammatory process, with IL-6 and IL-1 type cytokines acting as key regulators, cascading and synergistic regulation or it functions as a cascade network with inhibition. Effects on acute-phase protein expression. The pro inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 is an endogenous biochemical active during B cell maturation and inflammatory processes. Interleukin-6 plays an important role in regulating acute-phase protein synthesis in human hepatocytes
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An Insight of Interleukin -6 and Fibrinogen: In Regulating the Immune System
    (Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Emmanuel Muhimbura; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Sarah Nakyeyune; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    The role of the liver as a critical part of the immune system involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. As a major source of acute phase proteins, including components of the complement system. Hepatocytes are an important part of innate immunity and play an important role in controlling inflammatory responses throughout the body. Acute-phase protein production in hepatocytes is controlled by various cytokines released during the inflammatory process, with IL-6 and IL-1 type cytokines acting as key regulators, cascading and synergistic regulation or it functions as a cascade network with inhibition. Effects on acute-phase protein expression. The pro inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 is an endogenous biochemical active during B cell maturation and inflammatory processes. Interleukin-6 plays an important role in regulating acute-phase protein synthesis in human hepatocytes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An Update of Aneamia in Adults with Heart Failure
    (International Network Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Maria Mudei Ali; Esther U. Alum; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; P.C. Okechukwu Ugwu; Umi Omar Bunu
    Anaemia in adults with heart failure occurs when there is a deficiency of erythrocytes or haemoglobin in the blood, which further lowers the already limited oxygen supply to the body's tissues in heart failure. Anaemia is typically caused by poor nutrition, chronic kidney disease, inflammation, and certain medications used to treat heart failure. Symptoms of anaemia in adults with heart failure can include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath, increased heart rate, and chest pain. Treatment involves addressing underlying causes, improving nutrition, and in some cases, iron supplementation to increase red blood cell production. Close monitoring and coordination with healthcare providers is important to manage both heart failure and anaemia in adults, erythropoietin-stimulating agents has been considered alone or in combination with iron. Available and emerging new agents in the treatment of anaemia of heart failure will need to be tested in randomized, controlled studies.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An update on association of white blood cells and air pollution
    (International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Obeagu1Derrick Opoku; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Godfred Yawson Scott; Felix Amekpor; Umi Omar Bunu
    Owing to rapid population growth and industrialization, the situation of air pollution has become a public health threat of global concern. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes or leucocytes, are immune system cells that assist in defending the body against infectious diseases and foreign intruders. White blood cells are a component of the immunological system of the body. They support the body's defense mechanisms against illness and infection. Infection or inflammation are the usual causes of an overabundance of white blood cells. A high white blood cell count may, less frequently, be a sign of some blood malignancies or bone marrow issues. Although immune system inflammatory reactions might be linked with alterations in white blood cell counts in the body, there is the need to provide more consistent reporting on the association between air pollution and varying white blood cell counts in the body
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An Update on Interferon Gamma and C Reactive Proteins in Sickle Cell Anaemia Crisis
    (Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Onyekachi Splendid Uwakwe; Sarah Nakyeyune; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    Sickle cell disease has been described by many scholars as a chronic inflammatory disease which is linked to many factors such as endothelial destruction, increased synthesis of reactive oxygen specie, haemolysis, increased synthesis of pro inflammatory cytokines among others. Inflammatory process play a major function in the activation of acute painful vaso-occlusion crisis that forms the main reason for the hospitalization of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Inflammatory processes, are key components of several complications of the disease including autosplenectomy, acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, leg ulcer, nephropathy and stroke and also ultimately initiates painful vaso-occlusion episodes that characterize Sickle Cell Disease. This study titled “Update on Interferon Gamma and C Reactive Proteins in Sickle Cell Anaemia in Crises, aims at finding out the recent updates on interferon gamma; a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and auto-immunity, and CRP; an acute phase protein used as a marker of inflammation in sickle cell anaemia patients in crisis. A lot of search engines were consulted in the course of writing this review such as scopus, Pubmed Central, Web of Science, Semantics, Google Scholar, Researchgate, Academia Edu, etc. Previous studies have suggested that levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines vary between steady-state and crisis states in SCA patients, hypothesized to help monitor clinical progression of the disease. . Newer therapies that target pathways downstream of the sickle are considered better options. This knowledge may have implications for the development of new treatments for sickle cell disease.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An update on premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women.
    (2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    Cervical cancer screening is the major public health strategy for secondary prevention of cervical cancer especially in the HIV infected women. There a very low utilization of cervical cancer screening services in the developing countries. This is despite the high prevalence of premalignant cervical lesions. New strategies facilitate screening in resource-limited settings. An organized effective prevention and control program requires adequate resources and finances. It needs manpower and infrastructure. It is necessary to have surveillance mechanisms of the targeted women with education and sensitization with monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for effectiveness.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An update on survival of people living with HIV in Nigeria.
    (2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
    Human immunodeficiency virus is a threat to human existence, especially in developing countries, including Nigeria. Although many preventive and interventional measures have been taken to reduce the threat of HIV, HIV remains a major cause of public challenge in this part of the world. This review was conducted to update society on the survival of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. During the course of this review, a number of references were consulted using various search engines including Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Scopus, Sciago, Web of Science, Research gate, Academia Edu, Semantics and LiveDna. Life expectancy for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased significantly since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Declining HIV/AIDS-related deaths and cohorts are increasing the proportion of people with HIV/AIDS who die from non-HIV/AIDS-related illnesses. Poor access to antiretroviral therapy, inadequate laboratory facilities, knowledge and attitudes of some patients, cultural beliefs, anti-gay laws and increasing HIV/TB co-infection continue to affect people living with HIV. It's a problem. HIV/AIDS-related deaths in Nigeria.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An Update on The Role Of Cytokines In HIV Infection: Immunomodulation Pathways
    (International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Gina Flor Ramos; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Rifkatu Hassan
    HIV immune activation plays an important role in the immune pathogenesis of this disease. The mechanisms that drive this immune activation are partially defined and may be the result of multiple factors. Although the introduction of concomitant antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved life expectancy in HIV-infected individuals, some sustained immune activation occurs in these patients when plasma HIV RNA levels are 'undetectable'. There is evidence that A better understanding of immune activation pathways should be of value in developing complementary therapies to restore the immune system in HIV-infected patients. This paper describes cytokine-mediated pathways of immune activation of her CD4 and CD8 T-cell pools during HIV infection.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Anaemia among pregnant women: A review in Africa
    (International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Abdi Abubakar Ali; Uche FranciscaOnwuasoanya; Anthonia Onyinye Ngwoke; Danchal Comfort Vandu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima
    Iron-deficiency anemia is the most frequent form of anemia in pregnancy and can have serious consequences for both the mother and fetus. The majority of women do not have adequate iron stores to meet the dramatic increase in requirements during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. However, there is increasing evidence that intravenous iron is more effective, provides more rapid haemoglobin correction, corrects iron stores and is better tolerated than oral iron in treating iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy. The reported prevalence of anemia in this study is high and routine screening of pregnant women is highly recommended and further studies to explore during pregnancy is a public health problem in developed and developing countries. Pregnant women are at risk of developing anemia due to increased nutrient needs which include iron, folate and Vitamin B12 and haemo-dilution during pregnancy
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Anaemia among pregnant women: a review in Africa
    (International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Abdi Abubakar Ali; Uche Francisca Onwuasoanya; Anthonia Onyinye Ngwoke; Danchal Comfort Vandu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima
    Iron-deficiency anemia is the most frequent form of anemia in pregnancy and can have serious consequences for both the mother and fetus. The majority of women do not have adequate iron stores to meet the dramatic increase in requirements during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. However, there is increasing evidence that intravenous iron is more effective, provides more rapid hemoglobin correction, corrects iron stores and is better tolerated than oral iron in treating iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy. The reported prevalence of anemia in this study is high and routine screening of pregnant women is highly recommended and further studies to explore during pregnancy is a public health problem in developed and developing countries. Pregnant women are at risk of developing anemia due to increased nutrient needs which include iron, folate and Vitamin B12 and haemo-dilution during pregnancy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Anaemia and Risk Factors In Lactating Mothers: A Concern In Africa
    (International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Yakubu Sunday Bot; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther U. Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu
    Anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency indicator and health status in the world affecting about one third of the global population. Taking iron supplement during pregnancy is associated with reduction in anaemia among lactating mothers. The risk of anaemia in lactating mothers reduces with intake of iron supplement during pregnancy. Based on the study findings the researcher recommends the following. All lactating mothers should be encouraged by health team, starting with Village Health Team (VHTs) up to the facility level for regular haemoglobin checkup. Massive nutritional education should always be carried out on every antenatal and postnatal visit.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Anemia as a Prognostic Marker for Disease Progression in HIV Infection
    (IAA Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther Ugo Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu
    Anemia, a prevalent hematologic manifestation in individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, has garnered considerable attention as a prognostic indicator for disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes. This abstract presents a comprehensive review elucidating the intricate relationship between anemia and the progression of HIV infection, incorporating epidemiological trends, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), anemia remains a frequent complication in HIV infected individuals, posing substantial challenges to patient management. This paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of anemia's role as a prognostic marker, surpassing its conventional characterization as a hematologic abnormality in the context of HIV infection. Anemia's role as a predictive marker for adverse clinical outcomes in HIV patients is explored, encompassing increased mortality rates, heightened risk of opportunistic infections, accelerated disease progression, and compromised quality of life. The review delves into its prognostic significance, shaping therapeutic decisions and prognostic assessments. This paper encapsulates the criticality of anemia as a prognostic marker for disease progression in HIV infection. Understanding its epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance is pivotal for informed clinical decision-making, prognostic assessments, and optimizing care paradigms in HIV management.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Anemia as a Prognostic Marker for Disease Progression in HIV Infection
    (Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther Ugo Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu
    Anemia, a prevalent hematologic manifestation in individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, has garnered considerable attention as a prognostic indicator for disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes. This abstract presents a comprehensive review elucidating the intricate relationship between anemia and the progression of HIV infection, incorporating epidemiological trends, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), anemia remains a frequent complication in HIV infected individuals, posing substantial challenges to patient management. This paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of anemia's role as a prognostic marker, surpassing its conventional characterization as a hematologic abnormality in the context of HIV infection. Anemia's role as a predictive marker for adverse clinical outcomes in HIV patients is explored, encompassing increased mortality rates, heightened risk of opportunistic infections, accelerated disease progression, and compromised quality of life. The review delves into its prognostic significance, shaping therapeutic decisions and prognostic assessments. This paper encapsulates the criticality of anemia as a prognostic marker for disease progression in HIV infection. Understanding its epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance is pivotal for informed clinical decision-making, prognostic assessments, and optimizing care paradigms in HIV management.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Anemia, iron, and HIV: decoding the interconnected pathways A review
    (Medicine, 2024) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Nkiruka Rose Ukibe; Samson Adewale Oyebadejo
    This review delves into the intricate relationship between anemia, iron metabolism, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), aiming to unravel the interconnected pathways that contribute to the complex interplay between these 3 entities. A systematic exploration of relevant literature was conducted, encompassing studies examining the association between anemia, iron status, and HIV infection. Both clinical and preclinical investigations were analyzed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking these components. Chronic inflammation, a hallmark of HIV infection, disrupts iron homeostasis, impacting erythropoiesis and contributing to anemia. Direct viral effects on bone marrow function further compound red blood cell deficiencies. Antiretroviral therapy, while essential for managing HIV, introduces potential complications, including medication-induced anemia. Dysregulation of iron levels in different tissues adds complexity to the intricate network of interactions. Effective management of anemia in HIV necessitates a multifaceted approach. Optimization of antiretroviral therapy, treatment of opportunistic infections, and targeted nutritional interventions, including iron supplementation, are integral components. However, challenges persist in understanding the specific molecular mechanisms governing these interconnected pathways. Decoding the interconnected pathways of anemia, iron metabolism, and HIV is imperative for enhancing the holistic care of individuals with HIV/AIDS. A nuanced understanding of these relationships will inform the development of more precise interventions, optimizing the management of anemia in this population. Future research endeavors should focus on elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in the context of HIV-associated anemia.