Masters of Social Work and Social Administration

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Child Marriage and Educational Attainment in Secondary Schools in Adado, Galgudud, Somalia.
(2024-09) Abdisalam Abdullahi Esse
This study sought to examine the effects of child marriages on the educational attainment of girls in secondary schools in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia. The following specific objectives were formulated to guide the study: (i) to establish the effects of cultural practices on educational attainment among secondary school girls in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia, (ii) to examine the effects of social practices on educational attainment among secondary school girls in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia, and (iii) to determine the effects of economic practices on educational attainment among secondary school girls in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia. This study used a descriptive survey design which combined both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The target population for this study was 195 participants, and by using Slovin’s formula, 131 respondents were selected for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and an interview guide. The study findings showed that child marriage practices accounted for 61.2% of educational attainment in Adado, Galgadud, as indicated by an adjusted R-squared of 0.612. This implies that child marriage practices significantly affect educational attainment in Adado, Galgadud, as indicated by the F-value of 0.513 and Sig = 0.001. The coefficients table indicated that of all the aspects of child marriage practices, social practices accounted for the biggest influence on educational attainment in Adado, Galgadud (β = 0.513, Sig = 0.001). The study findings show that cultural practices negatively affect the educational attainment of girls in Adado, Galgadud district, Somalia. The study indicated that an increase in cultural practices leads to a reduction in educational attainment for families. The results conclude that the occurrence of cultural practices has generally reduced the functionality of the district in terms of educational attainment for girls in secondary schools. Secondly, the study concludes that an increase in social practices leads to a reduction in the attainment of education for affected victims. Thirdly, the study concludes that economic practices negatively affect the socio-economic development of girls in Adado, Galgadud district, Somalia. The study indicated that an increase in economic practices leads to a reduction in educational attainment for girls in secondary schools. From the first objective, it was recommended that to achieve lasting change, it is important to enact legislation and develop policies that protect women, address discrimination against women, promote gender equality, and help to move towards more peaceful cultural norms. From the second objective, it was recommended to develop technical guidance for evidence-based intimate partner and social practices prevention, strengthen health sector responses to such violence, disseminate information, support national efforts to advance women's rights, and collaborate with international agencies to reduce/eliminate intimate partner and social practices globally.
Child Marriage and Educational Attainment in Secondary Schools in Adado, Galgudud, Somalia.
(2024) Abdisalam Abdullahi Esse
This study sought to examine the effects of child marriages on the educational attainment of girls in secondary schools in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia. The following specific objectives were formulated to guide the study: (i) to establish the effects of cultural practices on educational attainment among secondary school girls in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia, (ii) to examine the effects of social practices on educational attainment among secondary school girls in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia, and (iii) to determine the effects of economic practices on educational attainment among secondary school girls in Adado, Galgadud, Somalia. This study used a descriptive survey design which combined both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The target population for this study was 195 participants, and by using Slovin’s formula, 131 respondents were selected for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and an interview guide. The study findings showed that child marriage practices accounted for 61.2% of educational attainment in Adado, Galgadud, as indicated by an adjusted R-squared of 0.612. This implies that child marriage practices significantly affect educational attainment in Adado, Galgadud, as indicated by the F-value of 0.513 and Sig = 0.001. The coefficients table indicated that of all the aspects of child marriage practices, social practices accounted for the biggest influence on educational attainment in Adado, Galgadud (β = 0.513, Sig = 0.001). The study findings show that cultural practices negatively affect the educational attainment of girls in Adado, Galgadud district, Somalia. The study indicated that an increase in cultural practices leads to a reduction in educational attainment for families. The results conclude that the occurrence of cultural practices has generally reduced the functionality of the district in terms of educational attainment for girls in secondary schools. Secondly, the study concludes that an increase in social practices leads to a reduction in the attainment of education for affected victims. Thirdly, the study concludes that economic practices negatively affect the socio-economic development of girls in Adado, Galgadud district, Somalia. The study indicated that an increase in economic practices leads to a reduction in educational attainment for girls in secondary schools. From the first objective, it was recommended that to achieve lasting change, it is important to enact legislation and develop policies that protect women, address discrimination against women, promote gender equality, and help to move towards more peaceful cultural norms. From the second objective, it was recommended to develop technical guidance for evidence-based intimate partner and social practices prevention, strengthen health sector responses to such violence, disseminate information, support national efforts to advance women's rights, and collaborate with international agencies to reduce/eliminate intimate partner and social practices globally.
Civil society organizations and women empowerment; a case study of wawa in Bosaso District, Somalia
(Kampala International University, 2019-05) Nor Mohamed, Amina
This study examined the role of WAWA in empowering women in Bosaso District, Somalia. It was guided by three research objectives that is; identifying the various activities undertaken by WAWA in empowering women, examining how WAWA empowers women and how WAWA’s empowerment programmes have improved socio-economic status of women in Bosaso District, Somalia. The study used a case study design in analyzing the position of civil society organizations in empowering women in Bosaso, Somalia. Using WAWA as an example the study employed questionnaires and an interview guide as the main data collection instruments and a sample of 103 respondents. Findings showed that 67 (65.05%) of the women in Bosaso were aware of the roles played by WAWA in women empowerment in Bosaso District. The findings showed that nineteen percent of the women noted that WAWA promotes political participation among women. This is mainly through engaging them into training, equipping them with leadership skills, political education and also encouraging them to formulate women development groups. Twenty one percent of the respondents suggested that WAWA conducts advocacy for women rights through capacity building programs creating awareness of women rights and also working towards ending human rights violations. Fourteen percent of the respondents noted that WAWA is engaged in projects aiming to eradicate poverty especially among women. Another 12% reported that WAWA has been active in fighting domestic violence in the region and has achieved positive results from this. The study concludes that CSOs such as WAWA indeed empower women to voice out the opinions and secure their rights using holistic approaches. Generally the study has also shown that WAWA as CSOs empower women politically and socio economically. The study recommends that funding should be allocated to CSOs to implement women empowerment programs. There is need for CSOs to educate the public and politicians about their roles to avoid political interference.
Cohabitation and its impact on religion in Ggaba mission Makindye division Kampala district:
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social sciences., 2014-07) Galiwango, Twaha.
The research was carried out in Kampala-Makindye Division; Ggaba Mission, central Uganda to assess issues of cohabitation and its impact on religion, Causes, impacts and strategies for managing cohabitation were discussed. The researcher used questionnaire, interview format and observation methods to find out the information. Stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques were employed; also the researcher used descriptive and exploratory design to get the findings. The causes were; religious difference, divorce, cohabiting for discernment, house work, domestic violence, bride prices, poverty, family background, death of parents, lack of strict laws. The impacts were; early unwanted pregnancies, emotional well-being, lack of God’s and parents’ blessings, Isolation of parents from children, increased domestic violence, imprisonment, lack of respect, possibilities of incest, decreased grandparents’ love for offspring, unplanned for population growth, ill health, harmful effect upon children, high rate of divorce. And the strategies towards curbing of cohabitation were; counseling and guidance, parental planning, strict laws by government, negotiating the bride price, peace at home, similar religions to be married, education of female child and adult education. The study was across sectional involving both male and female respondents and descriptive in nature aiming at giving detailed account of views, impression, attitude and interpretation of issues on cohabitation. The researcher employed a study design that was based on the study purposes; both quantitative and qualitative methods were used through questionnaires which were self administered by the researcher and the interview method was employed too. In conclusion, cohabitation needs combined efforts of government, religious leaders and community participation at large towards its management in Ggaba mission-Kampala district.
Community attitude and access to education opportunities by children with disabilities: a case study of Hargeisa, Somaliland
(Kampala International University, Colleges of Humanities and Social sciences, 2015-11) Mohamoud, Abdillahi Ibrahim
The study sought to establish the relationship between community attitude and access to education opportunities by children with- disabilities: a case study of Hargeisa, Somaliland. The study objectives were; to find out the level of community attitude towards access to education opportunities by children with disabilities in Hargeisa, Somaliland, to determine the trend of access to education opportunities 9-year-old children with disabilities in Hargeisa, Somaliland and to establish the relationship between community attitude and access to education opportunities by children with disabilities. In problem statement, it was noted that despite several encouragement and teachings from many NGOs and international organizations and communities which aim at protecting -the rights of children with disabilities, A cross sectional survey was used In the course or the study. Both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered in order to establish the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, so as to examine the relationship between community attitude and access to education opportunities by children with disabilities. The target population of 240 was selected and it comprised of (37) teachers, (63) students and (50) community leaders. Out of 240 respondents, iSO were sampled in the study. Simple random approach was used during the study. Purposive sampling was also used to select only respondents for the researcher to attain the purpose of the study. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources using questionnaires and Interviews, after collecting data, the researcher organized well-answered questionnaire, data was edited and sorted for the next stage. The data was presented in tabular form with frequencies and percentages. The researcher used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the relationship between the variables under study, In summary, the study also found out that the level of community attitude towards access to education opportunities by children with disabilities in Hargeisa was poor with an average mean of 2.3i equivalent to poor on the Likert Seale, In regard to the trend of access to education opportunities by children with disabilities in local government under community, it also revealed that the level Was poor with a mean average of 2.46 an equivalent of poor on the Likert scale. In conclusion, it was also revealed that community attitudes vary according to the type of disability. Attitude research shows many people are uncomfortable with mental illness, but less so with physical disability. Changing attitudes towards particular groups of people with disability requires additional information for people to understand the specific experiences associated with these disabilities (ACT DAC 2007; Wallace 2004). The study recommended that there is need for organizational-level polities attempt to change attitudes in particular life domains. The policies address the attitudes of people who have relationships with children with disability within lite domains that affect their social and economic rights, whether those relationship include authority or competition, or whether they simply involve personal contact.
Cultural Norms and Sexual Violence against Women in Hodan District, Mogadishu Somalia
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021-03) Nour, Ahmed Bashir
The study undertaken to examine the cultural norms that influence sexual violence against women in Hodan District, Mogadishu, Somalia. The study set out to analyze the cultural norms that promote female genital mutilation; examine cultural norms that promote forced marriages against women; analyze how cultural norms promote child and early marriages, and to determine how cultural norms promote rape against women in Hodan district, Mogadishu, Somalia. The study adopted a descriptive design, were the data was collected from 165 Respondents and 12 qualitative interviews that were attained purposively. Female Genital Mutilation is a norm that should not be broken 80.8% and female genital mutilation protects girls sex before marriage, unwanted pregnancy 80%.The main cultural norms that promote forced marriages against women included family arrangements to protect girls from illegal sex and unwanted pregnancy(99% of respondents). The cultural norms that promote child marriages included the belief that girls are very sensitive and good at sex at the age of 15(80% of the respondents), and the belief that early marriage enables a woman or family to produce many children (78%). believe that. As for rape, most families don’t report the issues to the authorities (77%), reliance on customs to handle rape, and the perpetrators believing that they will get away by paying money or livestock to the victim or survivor’s family. The study concludes that a number of cultural norms promote various forms of sexual violence against women, in Hodan district. The study recommends among others that local communities, both men and women should be sensitized about the negative cultural norms that promote sexual violence and the reporting mechanisms, and strengthening the legal framework against all forms of sexual violence.
Domestic Violence and Women’s Psychological Trauma in Yaqshid District, Somalia
(2024) Fuad Ali Hassan
The study aimed to investigate the impact of domestic violence on women’s psychological trauma in Yaqshid district, Somalia. The specific objectives were to assess the effects of physical violence, sexual abuse, and verbal abuse on women’s psychological trauma. The study employed a "Betrayal Trauma Theory and Horowitz theory of Trauma" framework. This study employed a cross sectional mixed design was utilized, mainly focusing on both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study population included 716,380 the residents of Yaqshid district, with a sample size of 400 respondents determined by Solvene's formula. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews research instruments. The findings revealed a negative correlation between domestic violence and women's psychological trauma, suggesting that increased domestic violence led to reduced psychological well-being in families. The study used regression coefficients to quantify the impact of each form of violence on psychological trauma. The study found out that a significant negative effect of physical violence on women’s psychological trauma, with a regression coefficient of 0.370. This indicates a 37% impact of physical violence on women’s psychological trauma among women. The findings suggested that physical violence adversely affected women's right to education. Sexual abuse was also identified as a significant factor affecting women's psychological trauma, with a regression coefficient of 0.136. This indicated a 13.6% impact on women’s psychological trauma among women. Sexual abuse was associated with a reduction in women's rights to health. Verbal abuse showed a substantial negative impact on women’s psychological trauma, with a regression coefficient of 0.420. This indicated a 42% effect on women’s psychological trauma among families. Verbal abuse was linked to a decrease in families' rights to food. From the study findings the study concluded that domestic violence had a detrimental effect on women’s psychological trauma in Yaqshid district, Somalia. Increased domestic violence was associated with reduced psychological well-being in families, affecting women's education, health, and access to food. The study recommended legislative measures and policies to protect women, address discrimination, and promote gender equality. Additionally, counseling for parents on alternative, non-abusive disciplinary methods was suggested to eliminate harmful forms of abuse within families. In summary, the study emphasizes the urgent need for interventions and policy measures to address domestic violence, safeguard women's rights, and promote a more peaceful cultural environment in Yaqshid district, Somalia.
Drug Abuse and Academic Performance among Secondary School Students in Yaqshid District, Somalia
(2024) Dahir Barre Mohamed
This study examined the effects of drug abuse on academic performance among secondary school students in Yaqshid District, Somalia. This study attempted to achieve the following objectives: to determine the effects of Khat (Mira) use on the academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District; to assess the effects of tobacco use on the academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District, and to examine the effects of marijuana use on academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District, Somalia. The study was based on three theories that are the Theory of Planned Behavior, Modified Social Stress Model and the Social Learning Theory. This study applied embedded mixed design which involves the collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data, with one form of data playing a supportive role to the other and it allowed the use of various data collection methods such as observation, questionnaires, guided interview and documentation which were used in collecting the data of this study. The target population for this study was 790 respondents from this is where a sample size of 314 respondents was determined by the Slovene’s formula and this study was respondents. Data analysis was divided into two main sections: quantitative and qualitative. The study findings shows that drug abuse accounted for 61.2% of Students’ academic performance in Yaqshid district and this was indicated by adjusted r squared of 0.612, this implies that drug abuse significantly affect the Students’ academic performance in Yaqshid district, and this is indicated by the F-value = 5.168, and Sig= 0.001. The coefficients table indicated that of all the aspects of drug abuse , Tobacco accounted for the biggest influence of Students’ academic performance in Yaqshid district (β=0.513, Sig=0. 001). The study concluded that among secondary school students in Somalia drug abuse is quite rampant both in the types, quantity and the frequency of use. The drugs and substances mostly abused were identified as Khat. The study further identified the factors which increase the cases of drug abuse among the students as drug and substance abuse history in the family, peer pressure, frustration at home and too much pocket money. Further, it was found out that drug and substance abuse among the students adversely affect their academic and social development. Finally, the study found that several interventions to curb drug and substance abuse at the school level have been adopted in most schools. From the findings and conclusions made the study recommended that all schools should set up guidance and counselling offices facilitated by professionals to counsel students who indulge in drug abuse. This will help take care of the students with emotional needs that they wish to share in confidence but lack the platform to do so and in return end up turning to drug abuse. Principals also should invite specialists often to talk to students on dangers of drug abuse.
Early child care and perceived influence on adult life style in Rubaga Division, Kampala Uganda
(Kampala International University, college of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021-04) Kyomuhendo, Pelpetua
This study set out to examine the relationship between early child care and adult life style in Rubaga division, Kampala. The study was guided by the following specific objectives (i) to establish the relationship between early child care and adult socialization in Rubaga division, Kampala; ii) to establish the relationship between early child care and adult parenting in Rubaga division, Kampala and (iii) to examine the relationship between early child care and career achievement in the Rubaga division, Kampala. The study was also guided by social learning theory which was used to examine the relationship between early child life and adult life style. More so, the following designs were adopted; correlational Survey design was used to measure the degree of association between early child care and adult life style, cross-sectional research design was used because data was collected from a wide spread of respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish the significant effects of early child care on Adult life style. The study used a research population of 1500 and a sample size of 316. According to the findings, a positive and significant relationship between early child care and adult socialization in the Rubaga division, exists (r-value =.724 & .004), A significant relationship between early child care and adult parenting with (r-value =.278 & .000). The findings also proved a positive significant relationship between early child care and career achievement (r-value =.529 & .000). The researcher concluded that; effective early child care increases the level of adult socialization in Rubaga division, Kampala, therefore early child care should be more improved in order to increase the level of adult socialization. Good early child care significantly increases adult parenting in Rubaga division, Kampala, therefore children need to be provided with improved early child care since it replicates itself when these children grow and become parents themselves. High levels of early child care also improves career achievement in Rubaga division, Kampala. Therefore, more focus needs to be put on early child care since it affects career achievement. The researcher recommended that; parents should place high emphasis on early child care, this can be done through sharing an affectionate and warm relationship with children. Parents should teach their children the practices and expectations associated with a social role or social circumstances. Early child care mostly can be determined by social environment of the child as well as special biological genes. The researcher recommends to the parents to always apply a complex activity that includes many specific behaviors that work individually and together to influence a child’s outcome. It can be used to capture normal variations in the parents’ attempt to control and socialize with their children. The researcher further recommends that career should be by choice that is, people should choose the career they feel comfortable with guidance from care takers and parents.
Evaluation of Anti-poverty initiatives on the people of Kapteret-sub county in Kapchorwa district:
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social sciences., 2014-10) Soyekwo, Francis
The research on “The impact of anti poverty initiatives on the people” was carried in Kapteret-sub County in Kapchorwa district. The research involved 60 respondents, of which 71% were men and descriptive and analytical research design was used. The research was however guided by research objectives. Objective one sought to examine the different kinds of antipoverty initiatives in place, to establish the impact of antipoverty initiatives on fighting poverty and to examine strategies that can effectively eradicate poverty. According to the findings, it was found out that Kapteret Sub County has antipoverty initiatives in place for example economic liberalization, technological development, free education systems, poverty allaviation fund [pafl , AND NAADS, these have been suitable for reducing poverty and have proved to be effective when adequately used. It was established that the strategies that have been put in place have had a major impact in the locals as poverty has greatly reduced for example the creation of employment opportunities, diversification of Agriculture, construction of good roads have helped to reduce the levels of poverty in the Sub county. The findings show that much as a lot has been done, much more needs to be put in place for poverty to be eradicated completely for example corruption and bureaucratic tendencies, have to Be eliminated, sensitization of the people about poverty and then monitoring of programs that have been put in place. When all the above is put in place poverty will be greatly reduced. Having carried out the research, I would recommend the Sub county to improve and put more emphasis on modern antipoverty initiatives and also make follow ups on the antipoverty programmers that are in place, this will help the Sub county to combat poverty. Furthermore the Subcounty should recruit qualified personnel and uncorrupt officials to help in implementing the antipoverty initiatives, community sensitization and encouraging more people to take their children to school, If all the above is followed poverty is most likely to reduce greatly.
Gender based violence and socio-economic development in Hodan District, Mogadishu, Somalia
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-04) Mustaf, Abdisade Abdulkadir
This study sought to determine the effect of gender based violence on socio-economic development in Hodan District, Mogadishu Somalia, with the following Specific Objectives (i) to determine the effect of physical harm on socio-economic development in Hodan District, Mogadishu Somalia, (ii) to assess the effect of sexual harm on socio-economic development in Hodan District, Mogadishu Somalia and (iii) to evaluate the effect of Economic Violence on socio-economic development in Hodan District, Mogadishu Somalia. This study was modeled on the theory of “Social Learning Theory,” advanced by Albert Bandura, (1977). The study used descriptive cross section research design that focused on investigations which was majorly quantitative to collect and analyze data in order to describe the specific, this study population of the study was Hodan district in Mogadishu with a population estimate of 716,380 people living in the 4 districts targeted, however out of the total population of the study, the researcher selected a sample of 400 respondents which was arrived at by use of the Slovene’s formula. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guide. The study findings show that gender based violence negatively affects the socio-economic development of families in Hodan District, Mogadishu Somalia. The study indicated that the increase in gender based lead to reduction in socio-economic development for the families. From the study findings the researcher concluded that since that gender based violence negatively affects the socio-economic development of families in Hodan District, Mogadishu Somalia. The study indicated that the increased in gender based violence lead to reduction in socio-economic development for the families. The results conclude that the occurrence of gender based violence has generally reduced the functionality of the district in terms of socio-economic development for the families. However from the study findings and conclusions made the researcher recommended that to achieve lasting change, it is important to enact legislation and develop policies that protect women; address discrimination against women and promote gender equality; and help to move towards more peaceful cultural norms. The study also recommends for counseling the parents on the proper ways of handling the families in order to reduce their ways of harming in the families, the alternative ways of punishments can therefore substitute the corporal punishments of abuse, this will lead to the abolition of the forms of abuse that are disastrous to the families.
Human right protection for the internally displaced persons in Hargiesa Somali land
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social sciences., 2012-09) Khalid Mohamed, Yusuf
The study sought to find out the human rights protection for the internal displaced persons in Hargeisa district of Somaliland, and for that purpose the study’s methodology was based on the descriptive correlation design. The study specifically determined the extent to which the rights of IDP5 are protected, determined the extent to which durable solution to the problem of internal displacement has been achieved and to determine the relationship between protection and a durable solution to the problem of internal displacement. Results of the study indicate that to a somewhat extent IDPs in Hargeisa are not protected, though there are some protections, but it is not equivalent to determine international standard. Results further indicate that to a somewhat great extent, a durable solution to the problem of internal displacement has not been achieved yet, as the rules of the guiding principles outlined, although there are some slight changes. The study found a significant relationship between protection and a durable solution to the problem of internal displacement. The study concludes that greater protection of the rights of internally displaced persons leads to a long sustainable and durable solution to the problem of internal displacement. The study recommends reaching effective durable solutions it must enhance the level of the protection of the IDPs, which comes to create specialized agency aimed for the protection of the internal displacements.
Impact of Poverty on Family Relationship in Ntoroko Town Council, Ntoroko District, Southern Uganda
(Kampala International University, Colleges of humanities and social sciences, 2015-09) Akot, Gloria
The research was on carried on the impact of poverty on family relationship in Ntoroko town council. ‘he objectives of the study were: to establish the causes of poverty on family relationship in Ntoroko When council. To assess the impacts of poverty on family relationship and to find out the possible strategies that can be used to reduce poverty on family relationship. ~ total number of 50 respondents were used in the study comprising of parents, youth, local council officials and women. The instruments used were questionnaires and interviews. ‘the study was carried out because poverty is a threatening problem affecting family relationship in Ntoroko town council as evidenced by poor health, malnutrition, high school dropout, domestic violence among others. ‘the findings reveal that poverty can be reduced in family relationship through education, hard work, and government support to the poor, provision of loans with little interest by financial institutions initialization of the community on self-employment.
An Investigation into The Continued Cases of Lost to Follow-Up Tb Patients: A Case Study of Kawaala Health Centre IV In Kampala, Uganda.
(Kampala International University, Colleges of humanities and social sciences, 2017-09) Nabwire, Sarah
This study was conducted to establish the extent to which background factors have perpetuated the cases of lost to follow-up in the Tuberculosis treatment despite the government of Uganda intervention to providing universal free treatment and care for patients in all public health facilities. Patients’ lack of motivation to complete treatment and rehabilitation remains a challenge. The study was conducted as a across sectional investigation through the review and analysis of registers of all 298 patients that were enrolled on TB treatment from January to December 2016 at Kawaala HCIV. A univariate analysis of the data was done using measures of central tendency. Demographic variables were compared using the Chi-square tests. The study established more males (62.4%) contracted Tuberculosis and more HIV positive patients (55.1%) contracted the disease as an opportunistic co- infection. Although a higher percentage of (63.2%) of TB patients was cured, the study further established that (5.4%) was still worryingly high and this occurrence was more commonly among patients of 15 years and more (93.3%). This study concluded that there is a clear co-relation between background factors and Lost To Follow-Up among TB patients and therefore recommends that further interventions in TB treatment should specifically target these but also make aim for other possible variables like mass sensitization and education, community linkages efforts play a central role in attaining desired TB treatment success targets.
Perceived Attitudes and Family Re-Integration among Former Child Soldiers in Bunia Ituri Province, DRC
(Kampala International University, 2023-11-14) Sifa, Nakude
The study sought to examine the effect of perceived attitudes and family re-integration among former child soldiers in Bunia, Ituri Province, DRC. The study objectives were; to determine the effect of perceived attitudes on family reunification of former child soldiers in Bunia, Ituri Province, DRC, to evaluate the effect of perceived attitudes on community support of former child soldiers in Bunia, Ituri Province, DRC and to access the effect of perceived attitudes on psychological support of former child soldiers in Bunia, Ituri Province, DRC. The study was based on Self-perception theory. This study used descriptive survey design. Descriptive surveys were dedicated to the collection of data concerning predominant situations that affect people in everyday life. The study also employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study used both questionnaires and interviews as the main data collection methods. According to the police records about 183 households were identified as having child soldiers in Bunia Ituri province DRC, the study was concentrated on the households with former child soldiers. The population for the focus group discussions included; government officials (Ministry of Defense), former child soldiers, family members for former child soldiers in Bunia, selected staff at Association des jeunes pour le development communautaire (AJEDEC) who work with child soldiers in reintegrating them back into society and reunite them with their families. A sample size of 126 respondents was determined using Solvene’s formula. The results of regression for the first objective analysis since the sig. value (0.001) was less than 0.05 and which is the maximum level of significance required to declare a significant effect. This implies that perceived attitudes highly contributes to the family reunification of former child soldiers in Bunia, Ituri Province, DRC, second objective this is clear from the slope (B) coefficient (1.122), and the p-value (0.200) which is higher than the study significance level (0.05). This result provided evidently shows that perceived attitude has a negative impact on community support towards former child soldiers in Bunia Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Lastly since the sig. value (0.000) was less than 0.05 and which is the maximum level of significance required to declare a significant effect. This implies that perceived attitude affects the psychological support towards former child soldiers in Bunia, Ituri Province, DRC. The study concluded that community support can also be instrumental in the reintegration of former child soldiers with their families and communities. Reintegration programs often aim to find a constructive social role for the former child soldier. Before community healing can occur a more comprehensive approach is needed to remedy many systemic problems in war zones such as the short supply of water, food, shelter and other basic necessities. There is often a lack of professional, institutional, and economic support for this form of family and community reintegration. The study recommends that government of DRC and International Community (UN/AU/Regional Organizations) initiate as soon as possible, an inclusive regional peace agreement that addresses the question of nationality of the Banyamulenge and the repatriation of foreign armed groups from the DRC and plan and implement peace education programs for the Congolese population and their leaders to enhance their levels of tolerance and respect for others.
Physical disability and impoverishment among women in Bujumbura City, Burundi
(Kampala International University, 2017-11) Ndayikeza, Noella
The study was undertaken to assess how physical disability impoverishes women in Bujumbura Cit.
Poverty and adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-05) Natalina, Eghiju Ottome
This study aimed at assessing the effect of poverty on adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan. It was guided by three objectives of; (i) To determine the effect of illiteracy on adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan, (ii) To examine the effect of poor standard of living on adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan, and (iv) To establish the effect of inadequate income on adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan. The study employed a descriptive survey design which enabled assessing the characteristics of a particular individual, or of a group. It determined the effect between variables and the relationship between variables. The study was based on two approaches, and these included quantitative and qualitative approaches for the purposes of proper triangulation of data. The study though targeted a population of 13417 adolescent girls from which a sample of 323 respondents were determined using Solven’s formula, (1932). In determining the sample, the study employed both simple random sampling and purposive techniques. The study employed both questionnaires and interviews as data collection instruments for both primary and secondary data. The collected data was sorted, entered into computer package and analysed using SPSS 16. The study results shows that a positive and relatively significant relationship between illiteracy and adolescent pregnancy (Pearson correlation of .640 and P-value < 0.01), which implied that an increase in illiteracy levels resulted into high risks of adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan. The findings also shows a positive and significant relationship between poor standard of living and adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan (r = .570, P-value < 0.01) which implied that improved standards of living will ultimately lead to reducing rates of adolescent pregnancy in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan and a moderately positive and significant relationship between inadequate income and adolescent pregnancy (r = .582, P-value < 0.01) which implied that improvement in income levels will lead to low rates of adolescent pregnancy. This meant that, women of low socio-economic status, whose mothers dropped out of high school, are more likely to give birth as a single teenager if they live in a region of high income inequality. In conclusion, the study concluded that the increasing adolescent pregnancies in Torit County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan are highly blamed on the increasing illiteracy levels in the area. Further, the study concludes that the inadequate incomes of some parents/ families partly leads to adolescent pregnancies as adolescents struggle to get a penny for their living, and hence end up into sexual dishonesty for money. The study recommends that there is a need to improve literacy to achieve the higher goal of better meeting the demand for education for children and adults. Improve the living and working conditions of literacy staff to stimulate their enthusiasm for the job and prevent brain drain; and build these players' capacities to guarantee the quality of training on the ground. Access to basic health care is another way to improve the standard of living. Financial and microfinance institutions should employ agents to at least every parish or sub-county to grant households easy access to financial services and services and assistance.
Poverty and depression among Congolese Immigrants in Makindye Division, Kampala, Uganda
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-06) Kabasiita Grace
This study aimed at examining the effects of poverty on depression among Congolese Immigrants in Makindye Division, Kampala, Uganda. With the following Objectives: to examine the causes of poverty among Congolese immigrants in Makindye division; determine the indicators of poverty among Congolese immigrants in Makindye division; to assess the indicators of depression among Congolese immigrants in Makindye division and to investigate the relationship between poverty and depression among Congolese immigrants in Makindye division, Kampala, Uganda. The study was underpinned by the Cognitive theory. Employed Descriptive Correctional design and considered both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection. Key informant interview guide was designed and administered to key informants to capture qualitative information. Data from questionnaire were edited and coded then entered in a computer and SPSS program was used to analyse it. Findings revealed that the causes of Poverty among Congolese Immigrants in Makindye Division, Kampala district had the overall mean of 2.6772 and standard deviation of 0.87861 estimated to 89.4%.This implies that Congolese immigrants are poor as a result of pre-migration and post- migration effect majorly caused by war in their country of origin. Poverty has influenced Depression among Congolese immigrants in Makindye division with the findings from the indicators of poverty overall mean rated to 2.6795 and Standard deviation of 1.37412 estimated to 51.4%. For the relationship there was a significant relationship between Poverty and Depression. With (r = 0.466, P-Value score 0.01). This means that not only Poverty influenced Depression but there are other factors like mental illness, stress and anxiety though even depression can influence one into being poor. The study recommended that the Government of Uganda through the Office of the Prime Minister should ensure that self-reliance of Congolese immigrants is at the core of Government policies and programs. That is to say: if the above recommendation is considered, it would combat the immigrant’s dependency syndrome, enabling them to think creatively and work for progress.
Psycho Social Effects of Poverty on Academic Performance of Students in Sheema District of Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021-04) Amanya, Antony
This study was carried out to examine the psychosocial effects of poverty on academic performance of students in Sheema District. The study aimed at achieving three main objectives: examining the effect of negative perception, less confidence and fear on academic performance of students in Sheema district of Western Uganda, find out how mental instability inform of depression, anxiety and stress can affect academic performance of students in Sheema district of Western Uganda and to investigate how children raised in environment of low socio-economic status are performing in school. The study was based on Fischer’s (1996) Individual deficiencies theory who stated that poverty can be eradicated by and making better choices which sometimes control psychological issues. The study was underpinned on cross sectional. The study population comprised of 890 respondents of which 276 was the sample size. Stratified and random sampling methods were used to collect information and both questionnaire, interview and observation data research tools were employed. The study findings found that psychosocial effects of poverty on academic performance of students are negative perception, less confidence and fear, mental instability inform of depression, anxiety and stress and environment of low socio-economic status. This implies that once a family is well prepared and participating in projects, the students pays school fees in time thus increases the academic performance in long run. The study recommends that society members should work hand in hand with the schools for the betterment of the academic performance of the students in Sheema district. The study recommends that school administrators should implement better measures to help students from poor backgrounds to study well, attend seminars, organize workshops and build their confidence. Families of low social economic status qualify for health care assistance, and the cost of practical coverage is outrageously expensive. The social welfare system should help in finding work and food benefits should encourage healthy eating. There is no an easy answer for how to accomplish this, but perhaps welfare programs could include staff or volunteers that help recipients write letters and resumes, find affordable childcare for working parents, and providing public transit to get to work. Anxiety affects the society in general. They create disparities within public school system and this affects the students learning abilities especially those under looked. If the social problem is society, then the solution needs to involve the whole. The larger fix cannot fall primarily on the schools, although the schools can help. This means that society members should always work hand with schools and parents to look on the welfare of the students.
Role of women’s empowerment on community development in Ndemba Parish, Rubaga Division, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda
(Kampala International University: College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017-07) Carline, Namata

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