Master of Medicine in Psychiatry

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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12493/14842

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    Health-related quality of life and factors associated with depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja , Uganda
    (Kampala International University, 2022-12) InenaWaInena Gaylord
    Depression is among the common psychiatric disorders with high prevalence in the general population across the world. Studies carried out on specific populations have shown that this prevalence is higher in vulnerable populations including people living with albinism. Despite the fact that several aspects linked with it have been found among people with oculocuteneous albinism in the Busoga region, data have remained unclear locally. Limited information is available regarding prevalence of depression, its associated factors and health related quality of life in the study area.The main objective of the present study was to determine the health related quality of life and factors associated with depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja,Uanda. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to capture data from a study sample size of 384 adults living with oculocutaneous albinism who were involved in completion of the screening tests for depression Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25(HSCL-25).The summation of scores for depression were averaged and the probable depression determined for each participant using a cut-off of 1.75. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between depression and associated factors. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) was used to assess the health related quality of life.The DLQI was calculated by the summation of the score of each question resulting in a maximum of 30 and a minimumof 0.The higher was the score,the more quality of life was impaired. xiii Results The analyses revealed that the prevalence of depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in jinja city stands at 65.4 %. The risk of depression was significantly associated with age (AOR = 1.059, 95% CI = 1.020–1.100, P = 0.003), history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 12.030, 95% CI = 1.117–12.961, P = 0.040) and taking chronically medication (AOR = 6.583, 95% CI = 1.618 26.782, P = 0.008).Family support (AOR = 0.505, 95% CI = 0.286–0.892, P = 0.019) and marital status (AOR = 0.505, 95% CI = 0.286–0.892, P = 0.019) were significantly protective factors.The mean Dermatology Life Quality Index scores was 14.55.Oculocutaneous albinism had no effect on the quality of life of only 5.7% of the participants. On the remaining 95% affected participants, 48.7% were largely affected. Conclusions These findings show that the estimated prevalence of depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in the study area is high and worrying and oculocutaneous albinism highly impacts negatively the quality of life of people with oculocutaneous albinism. Strategies targeted at early interventions and ultimately depression prevention need urgent attention in order to reduce risk factors of the disease and improve the health related quality of life of People with oculocutaneous albinism in the study area.
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    Prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric disorders among adult people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Southwestern Uganda
    (Kampala International University, 2023-03) Roger Ilunga Muland
    Background: Over the years, people living with HIV and AIDS have reported numerous complications including psychiatric disorders among vulnerable groups in the society. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with common psychiatric disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS in southwestern Uganda. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 221 adult patients with dual diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and psychiatric disorder attending KIU-TH for their healthcare services selected through cons convenient sampling technique for the study. Seven standardized instruments, case note and clinical interview were used to gather data between January – September, 2022 for the study. Results: In total, 221 patients were interviewed, with the majority being females (55.7%). The average age was 35.86 years (± 9.037). Altogether, 28.05% 95% CI; [27.99-28.11] of the study population were found to screen positively for at least one common psychiatric disorder. More than one mental condition was identified in 12.67% of study participants. The number of PLWH who screened positive for specific psychiatric disorders were; wajor depression (12.2%), Psychosis (11.8%), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (11.3%), and alcohol use disorder (9.0%). The factors associated with developing a psychiatric disorder among PLWH were: cohabiting [aOR,27.067 95% CI (2.488-294.500), p=0.007.],running a business [aOR0.039, 95% CI (0.003-0.495), p=0.012] and having a loan [aOR2.791, 95% CI (1.046-7.445), p=0.040]. HIV Duration [aOR,7.167, 95% CI (0.991-1.126), =0.091]. Having social support [aOR,4.68, 95% CI (0.260- 0.480), p-value <0.001.] was a protective factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of CPD among adult PLWH was 28.5%. Marital status, financial liabilities, and period of HIV were among the risk factors, while having a social supporting system, and owning a business were among the protective factors associated with CPDs. Screening all PLWH for PDs will contribute to the prevention and appropriate intervention of CPD’s among adult PLWH.
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    Prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric disorders among adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
    (Kampala International University, 2023) Roger Ilunga Muland
    Background: Over the years, people living with HIV and AIDS have reported numerous complications including psychiatric disorders among vulnerable groups in the society. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with common psychiatric disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS in southwestern Uganda. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 221 adult patients with dual diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and psychiatric disorder attending KIU-TH for their healthcare services selected through cons convenient sampling technique for the study. Seven standardized instruments, case note and clinical interview were used to gather data between January – September, 2022 for the study. Results: In total, 221 patients were interviewed, with the majority being females (55.7%). The average age was 35.86 years (± 9.037). Altogether, 28.05% 95% CI; [27.99-28.11] of the study population were found to screen positively for at least one common psychiatric disorder. More than one mental condition was identified in 12.67% of study participants. The number of PLWH who screened positive for specific psychiatric disorders were; wajor depression (12.2%), Psychosis (11.8%), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (11.3%), and alcohol use disorder (9.0%). The factors associated with developing a psychiatric disorder among PLWH were: cohabiting [aOR,27.067 95% CI (2.488-294.500), p=0.007.],running a business [aOR0.039, 95% CI (0.003-0.495), p=0.012] and having a loan [aOR2.791, 95% CI (1.046-7.445), p=0.040]. HIV Duration [aOR,7.167, 95% CI (0.991-1.126), =0.091]. Having social support [aOR,4.68, 95% CI (0.260 0.480), p-value <0.001.] was a protective factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of CPD among adult PLWH was 28.5%. Marital status, financial liabilities, and period of HIV were among the risk factors, while having a social supporting system, and owning a business were among the protective factors associated with CPDs. Screening all PLWH for PDs will contribute to the prevention and appropriate intervention of CPD’s among adult PLWH.
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    Prevalence, pattern of presentation and factors associated with extrapyramidal side effects among patients treated on first generation antipsychotics at two teaching hospitals in Uganda
    (Kampala International University, 2023-09) Kensale Kalume Augustin
    Introduction: Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are a significant concern in the treatment of psychiatric disorders with first generation antipsychotic medications. They reduce the adherence to drugs, impairing the quality of life and are related to relapse. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, patterns of presentation and factors associated with EPS among patients receiving first generation antipsychotics at two teaching hospitals in Uganda. Understanding these aspects can help improve the clinical management and quality of life for individuals receiving this treatment Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design hospital based involving patients diagnosed with various psychiatric disorders and prescribed first generation antipsychotics at Kampala International University hospital and Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda. Data were collected from two teaching hospitals through structured interviews, medical chart reviews and validated EPS Rating scales. A total of 385 patients participated in the study Results: The study revealed a substantial prevalence of EPS among patients treated with first generation antipsychotics at two teaching hospitals. In this study,54.5% (210/385) of participants presented with EPS while on FGAs in both psychiatric centers. Among 210, 90(23.4%) were from KIU-TH and 120(31.1%) were from JRRH.Common presentations of EPS included dystonia (17%) , parkinsonism (16.1%), dyskinesia (13%) and akathisia (6.5%). Factors associated with an increased risk of developing EPS included: Male :82% Duration of antipsychotic treatment: longer treatment duration was associated with a higher risk of EPSSmoking: (75%) increased the risk of having EPS Psychiatric diagnosis: Schizophrenia (54%) was associated with a higher risk of EPS Conclusion: The prevalence of extrapyramidal side effect among patient on first generation antipsychotic drugs was relatively high in KIU-TH and JRRH psychiatric unities. Dystonia, parkinsonism, dyskinesia and akathisia were the common extrapyramidal side effects observed in the study. On the other hand, smoking, previous episodes of EPS, long standing on antipsychotics drugs and schizophrenia were the main factors significantly associated with occurrence of EPS.These insights contribute to improving the overall management and care of patients receiving first generation antipsychotic treatments in psychiatric settings
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    Prevalence, Personality Traits, Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Psychotropic Medication Non-adherence in Uganda: A Hospital-Based Study
    (Kampala International University., 2023-01) Niyokwizera Emmanuel
    Background: Psychiatric disorders like other chronic disorders are treated by medications both in acute and in long-term management. Medication adherence is the first and main determinant of treatment success. Non-adherence to psychiatric drugs is associated with relapse, readmission and premature death. Despite the free access to medications in public institutions, non-adherence to psychotropic medications is still high in Eastern Africa but there is currently paucity of published studies on the level of psychotropic medication adherence and associated factors. Aim: To determine the prevalence of psychotropic medication non-adherence and associated personality traits, socio-demographic and clinical factors among people with mental illness at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH) and Jinja Regional Referral (JRRH) hospital. Methods: A Hospital based cross-sectional design was used in this study. 396 adults with mental illness were recruited from outpatient clinics of KIU-TH and JRRH. Medication adherence was assessed using MARS scale while personality traits were assessed by the short form version of BFI scale. STATA 15 was used for data analysis and logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with psychotropic medication non-adherence. Resultats: The prevalence of psychotropic medication non-adherence was 46.21% and factors significantly associated with psychotropic medication non-adherence were poor family support (aOR= 6.915, CI=3.679-12.998, P<0.001), belief in witchcraft/sorcery (aOR=2.959, CI=1.488-5.884, P=0.002), having side effects (aOR=2.257, CI=1.326-3.843, P=0.003), substance use (aOR=4.174, CI=2.121-8.214, P=<0.001). Personality traits associated with psychotropic medication non-adherence were neuroticism (aOR=7.424, CI=3.890-14.168, P<0.001) and agreeableness (aOR=0.062, CI=0.024-0.160, P<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of medication non-adherence was high. Patients with poor social support, beliefs in witchcrafts, side effects, substances use and neuroticism personality traits were more likely to be non-adherent. Only patients with agreeableness trait were less likely to be non-adherent to medications.