Retrospective assessment of the Opportunistic Infections among HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.
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Date
2012-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
People with advanced HIV I AIDS are vulnerable to infections and malignancies that are called
opportunistic infections because they have a weakened immune system. Opportunistic infections
continue to cause morbidity and mortality in patients with Human Immune Deficiency Virns
(HIV)-1 infection. Some Ois only affect women or affect women more than men.Potent
combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence of Ols for certain patients
with access to care. However, certain patients in the developed and developing world do not
have access to care and have Ois.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the occurrence of opportunistic infections among HIV I AIDS patients attending
Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.
METHODS
A retrospective study covering the period of February 2011 to December 2011. Slovin's formula
of sample size determination was used. The population size was 15,000 people, the calculated
sample size was 390 people, However this sample size was small and thus was increased to a
1500 and every 1 O'h file was selected.
RESULTS
65% females, 35% were males, married (55%), divorced (7%), 22% single, 16% widowed; 20%
for WHO stage!, 5% for stage2, 4% for stage3, 8% for stage4. 39% had diarrhea, 28% missing
OI, 7% had cryptococcosis, 6% had oral candidiasis, 5% tuberculosis and vaginal candidiasis,
4% herpes zoster, while 3% had herpes simplex, 2% had genital warts and 1% had esophageal
candidiasis. Metronidazole and ciprofloxacin were most used drngs, others were nystatin
suspension, fluconazole, amphotericin, acyclovir were represented by 5% of the total treatment,
3% represented nystatin pessaries, DOTS and vitamin B complex, 2% for clotrimazole cream
and amitryptiline and 1% podophyllum resin. 72% of patients were on HAART, 27% on
PreART and 1% on trnvada.
CONCLUSION
The highest percentage of patients with Ois were from WHO clinical stage one and this could me
an important indicator to avoid these 0 Is by careful monitoring of patients in this stage. The
drngs most commonly used for the Ois were metronidazole and ciprofloxacin for diarrhea and
this call for more procurement of these drngs, so that they are readily available to treat the
patients, however proper diagnosis should be done to establish the exact causative agent before
treatment. The female gender had the highest percentage as compared to men, similarly, Married
had the highest incidence as compared to the divorced thus the married require the health
education about fidelity and faithfulness as a method to prevent more problems.
The patients on HAART whose combinations contained a protease inhibitor had the lowest
incidence of opportunistic infections.
Description
A dissertation submitted to the School of Pharmacy
Kampala International University-Western Campus in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award
of Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree.
Keywords
HIV/AIDS, Patients, Opportunistic Infections, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.