Bachelor of Pharmacy

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    Challenges of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Women in a Teaching Hospital South East, Nigeria
    (Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2022) Adaobi Maryann Ibekwe; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Chisom Evelyn Ibekwe; Chinonye Onyekwuo; Chioma Vivian Ibekwe; Amarachukwu Doris Okoro; Chioma Blessing Ifezue
    This research work seeks to investigate the challenges of exclusive breastfeeding among working class mothers in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Anambra State Nigeria. The objective of the present study is to investigate the attitude of working mothers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi North L.G.A., Anambra State, Nigeria. The study unravel those socio-economic determinates of exclusive breastfeeding among working mother's in Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi in order to give recommendations that will help improve the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Descriptive survey design was used in the study. Descriptive survey method was used to observe, describe and document aspects of the attitude of working class mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding. Data from the survey was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 12.0). 120 mothers participated in this study; they were selected based on the inclusion criteria and their availability at the time of the survey. Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers were presented in a cross-tabulation.
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    Assessment of haematological parameter and Liver enzyme among Hepatitis B Infected Blood Donors
    (International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2024) Oke Olusegun Taiwo; Oduntan Sekinat Oluremi; Olasimbo Godswill Ikuejamoye; Abdulrahman Abdulbasit Opeyemi; Olamijuwon Priscilla Busola; Ayara Peter Ayowole; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
    Viral hepatitis poses a substantial global health burden. The most often seen abnormalities after the diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) generally encompass haematological abnormalities and changes in liver parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the haematological variables and liver enzymes, specifically aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), among blood donors who have contracted the hepatitis B virus (HBV) at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) in Owo. The study encompassed a cohort of 70 individuals, with the experimental group comprising 50 individuals who exhibited positive results for the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The control group consisted of a sample of twenty (20) apparently healthy adults. The mean levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (PLT) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in persons relative to the control group, as evidenced by the p-values of 0.002, 0.001, 0.035, and 0.002, respectively. No statistically significant decrease in the average concentration of white blood cells (WBC) was reported among the participants in comparison to the control group (p=0.236). The study revealed a significantly increased mean concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the participants as compared to the control group (p=0.016).The study findings revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of AST observed between the participants and the control group (p = 0.285). The present study has provided evidence to support the use of haematological parameters and liver enzymes as a reliable and accurate approach for assessing the severity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Therefore, it is crucial to incorporate the surveillance of patients even after their recovery from hepatitis B virus infection as an essential element of their healthcare.
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    Antioxidant activity of the Ethanolic extracts of leaves of Amaranth spp and cucurbita spp in drosophila melanogaster
    (Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2018-12) Johnmark, Ndinawe
    Background: Several plants show potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, and their role in preventing oxidative stress-induced diseases such as Diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and many others. Objective: In this study, the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of leaves of Amaranth spp and Cucurbita spp and their ability to protect against oxidative stress in Drosophila mel ana gaster w1 1 18wild type flies was determined. Materials and Methods: Flies cultured on food supplemented with 0.05 and O.lmg/ml of Amaranth spp and Cucurbita spp leaf extracts were assayed for longevity, climbing activity, catalase activity, and oxidative stress resistance according to the established protocols. Scavenging activity of extracts on 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and reducing power activity were equally evaluated. Results: There were significant effects of the extracts on DPPH free radical scavenging activity, catalase activity, climbing activity, longevity and oxidative stress resistance. Cucurbita extract showed no significant difference in climbing activity and catalase activity assay compared to the control. Conclusion: This study shows that the ethanol extracts of leaves of Amaranth spp and Cucurbita spp exhibit varying degrees of protection against free radical induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
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    A study of the acute toxicity, phytochemical and analgesic properties of the aqueous root extract of flueggea virosa (family: euphorbiaceae)
    (Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2010-04) Kezia, Matuki Eunice
    Introduction/Objectives: Fluegge a virosa grows wild in tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, tropical Asia, Japan, Australia and Polynesia, and it can also be domesticated. The different parts of the plant have many folkloric usage for diverse ailments including pain, fever, malaria, sexual dysfunction, diabetes, epilepsy, antiarrhythmic, HIV -related illness among many others. The root is claimed to be the most potent part of the plant. In view of the claimed therapeutic potentials, investigation of the aqueous extract of the root was carried out to ascertain its acute toxicity, phytochemical constituents and analgesic activity. Methodology: The plant material was extracted using decoction method since this is how it is used locally. Acute toxicity tests were conducted in rats using modified Lorke' s method to determine the safety of the extract. Phytochemical screening was conducted using methods outlined in Trease and Evans to determine the components of the extracts. Analgesic studies were carried out using thermal induced pain (tailflick method) and chemical induced pain (formalin) in rats by giving extracts orally at 100, 200 and 400mglkg of body weight. Results: Acute toxicity tests did not record any death among the different groups of rats used. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars. Analgesic studies (thermal induced pain-tailflick method) showed some activity, which tested insignificant to ANOVA test and chemical induced pain (formalin) showed good activity and tested significant to ANOVA test. Conclusion: The aqueous root extract of Flueggea virosa has many useful phytochemical constituents. Acute toxicity tests indicated that the extract could be generally regarded as safe. The extract has a dose dependent analgesic effect which is perhaps not centrally mediated. Thus the results provide support for the use of the plant in relieving pain and fever among the natives in rural areas. Keywords: Flueggea virosa; Phytochemicals; Pain; Analgesic; Toxicity.
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    Evaluation of the effects of lumefantrine component of coartem on electrical conductivity of the heart in patients taking coartem in management of uncomplicated malaria in KIU-th Bushenyi district
    (Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2015-02) Phiona, Babirye
    Background: Approximately 2.37 billion people Jive in areas at risk for transmission Of pfalciparum malaria, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (Hay, et al., 2009). Combination Artemether/Lumefantrine (Coartem, Riamet, and Falcynate-LF) is a fixed dose Artemisininbased combination therapy (ACT) indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium Jalciparum malaria. It is an effective and well tolerated treatment providing high cure rates even in areas with multi-drug resistance. Cardiac effect on electrical conductivity in terms of QTc prolongation and arrhythmias remains a matter of worry (Lefevre, et al., 2001). Aim: Several unrelated drugs have pro-arrhythmic activity associated with an ability to prolong the QTinterval of the Electrocardiogram just as proved for Halofantrine (Nosten, et al., 1993). Lumefantrine has some chemical similarities to Halofantrin, (Jatakiya,et al.,2014),an antimalarial known for QTc prolongation and due to their structural similarities, also the cardiac effect on electrical conductivity of the heart by Lumefantrine remains a matter of debate in therapeutics. This research aimed at evaluating the effects of Lumefantrine component of coartem on electrical conductivity of the heart in patients taking coartem in management of malaria in KIU-TH Bushenyi District. Method: The research was a quantitative prospective random study. Safety assessment was done by monitoring vital signs, blood pressure, Heart rate and monitoring of Electrical conductivity. Electrocardiograms were recorded before dosing and after the fifth dose. The QT interval and Heart rate were used to calculate QTc interval using Bazett's formula QTc=QT/RR112.The QTc interval as the response variable was compared between treatments. Results; In the baseline electrocardiograms the QTc intervals were normal There was no clinically relevant differences in the QTc intervals observed after sequential administration Of Artemether/Lumefantrine(Coartem). No significant observation suggestive of cardiotoxicity was noted in the study. Conclusion; The alternative hypothesis stating that Artemether /Lumefantrine possesses significant effect on electrical conductivity of the heart has not been supported by the results obtained in this study. Artemether/Lumefantrine can be used as a therapeutic option with likely better