Masters of Science in Physiology
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- ItemEffects of selected artemisinin-based antimalarial combination therapies (acts) on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in wistar rats(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences, 2017-05) Kalange, Muhamudu
- ItemRelationship between cumulative twenty four-hour urinary noradrenaline and depression among students of Kampala International University Western Campus(Kampala International University; School of Health Sciences, 2015-07) Ajirotutu, Mutiat O.Background: Depression is one of the major mental problems in the students' population and it is continuously increasing. The catecholamine hypothesis postulated that depression results from functional deficiency of noradrenaline in the brain. In this study, the relationship between depression and twenty four hours urinary noradrenaline was analysed among medical students of KIU-Western Campus. METHOD: A cluster sampling approach was used to select University students in K.IU. A 21-ltem Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to screen for depressive status among participants. BDI scores of 11 and above were categorized as depression while BD! Scores of 10 and below were categorized as normal. At the same time, the 24-hour urine samples of participants were assayed for noradrenaline levels using colorimetric technique. RESULT: Out of 135 students who participated in the study (65 males and 70 females), 27 (22.3%) of the pm1icipants had a BDI score of 11 and above while 94(77.7%) had a BDI of I 0 and below. Noradrenaline levels of the 27 (22.3%) depressed participants were matched for age, sex along with other socio-demographic characteristics of participants whose BDI scores were within the normal range. Outcome from independent!-test showed there is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean 24 - hours urinary noradrenaline levels between the two groups (depressed and non-depressed) but there was a slight increase in mean 24-hours urinary noradrenaline levels among depressed than normal pat1icipants. CONCLUSION: There is a mild prevalence of depression among Kampala International University -Western Campus Students especially among the married. The slight increase in mean 24 -hour’s urinary noradrenaline levels in depressed participants' suggests that noradrenaline could be a biomarker for depression. RECOMMENDATION: There is need for further similar study involving larger sample size to compare levels of 24-hours urinary noradrenaline. Measurement of noradrenaline could be improved with High performance liquid chromatography. Also, there is need for development of effective model for the prediction and treatment of depression among University Students.
- ItemEffect of popped amaranthus hypochondriacus on calcium level and organs structure in type ii diabetic rats(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2017-05) Dr. Keneth, Iceland kasoziAmaranthus hypochondriacus (commonly refened as, Grain Amaranth; GA) has ant diabetic effect, although its role in influencing calcium homeostasis has not yet been explored. This is important since calcium metabolism in the tissues of diabetic individuals has been shown to be severely compromised. The aim of this study was to assess role of grain amaranth on tissue calcium and structure in T2DM Wistar rats. Thirty Male Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Twenty rats were induced with T2DM by intraperitoneal injection with STZ/Nicotinamide at 60 and 120 mg/kg respectively. 0 f the 20 diabetic rats, these were divided into 4 groups (n = 5); Group A rats were treated with Mixtard® at 0.5 mg/kg, Group B not treated; Group C fed on a diet supplemented with 25% GA; Group D supplemented with 50% GA. Ten non-diabetic rats were divided into two groups (n =5): Group E fed on 50% GA and Group F fed on regular feed. Rats were kept for 5 weeks, after which, they were sacrificed. Brain, heart, liver and kidney tissues were harvested and biochemical analysis for calcium levels and histopathological changes was conducted. The study showed that at high concentration, GA has strong effects in the modulation of serum calcium levels in T2DM. In the heart and brain, GA led to reduced calcium concentrations which were comparable to the rats in the non-diabetic control group. In addition, vacouations in these tissues were at a minimum implying that GA improved calcium homeostasis leading to tissue protection. Although Ca2 + levels in both the liver and kidney were found to have increased withGA supplementation, no structural changes were observed. However, there was no significant differences (P > 0. 05) between the 25% and 50% supplementation levels thus implying that these were within the safe range. GA improves calcium metabolism in the tissues and a follow up study on molecular mechanisms would shade more insight.
- ItemNeuroprotective effects of zinc and linoleic acid in ratmodel of parkinsonism induced with rotenone(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences, 2017-08) Mbiydzenyuy, Ngala ElvisIntroduction: Studies have investigated the neuroprotective effects of either zinc or linoleic acid but none has investigated the combined effects. Little is known about the behavioural effect of either zinc or linoleic acid or their combination in the management of Parkinson’s disease. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of zinc and linoleic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinsonism in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty six young adult female rats weighing 100-150 grams divided into six groups were used. Rats were induced with Parkinsonism by subcutaneous administration of rotenone (2.5mg/kg) once a day for seven consecutive days. The rats received DMSO/Olive oil or rotenone dissolved in (Dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO/Olive oil. Groups III and IV received zinc (30mg/kg) or linoleic acid (150pJ/kg) while group V received a combination of both, two weeks prior to rotenone injection. Groups 11 and VI served as negative (rotenone group) and positive (Levodopa groups) controls respectively. Measurement and analysis of behavioural function in rats employed a battery of tests including elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), novel scent and block tests. The oxidative stress levels were assessed by estimating Lipid peroxidation, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Superoxide Dismutase, reduced Glutathione, Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase in the midbrain. Histological examination was done to assess structural changes in the midbrain Results: Rats receiving rotenone displayed bradykinesia and motor impairment in the OFT, anxiety, decrease in olfactory acuity and discrimination in EPM, FST and Novel Scent Test respectively. In addition, histological examination revealed that parkinsonian rat brains exhibited neuronal damage. There was a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and improvement in the antioxidant status in intervention-treated groups. The significant increase in postural instability, impaired motor activity/coordination, increase anxiety and the decrease in rearing behaviour caused by rotenone induction was attenuated significantly by treatment with zinc and linoleic acid, but not their’combination. Conclusion: These results suggest that zinc and linoleic acid and their combination showed significant neuroprotective activity most likely due to the antioxidant effect
- ItemStakeholders involvement in the management of universal secondary education program in Kasese District(Kampala International University, 2016-09-22) Bahigana, FredThe study was about stakeholder’s involvement in the management of USE program in Kasese District. It was set to determine the following, a) The role of Board of Governors and other stakeholders in monitoring the construction of USE classrooms and other school structures. b) The level of Board of Governors and other stakeholders involvement in the monitoring the utilization of USE funds. c) The approaches used by the Board of Governors and other stake holders in monitoring the teachers’ classroom performance. d) The approaches used by the Board of Governors and other stake holders in monitoring the students’ school attendance and performance. Using both qualitative and quantitative approaches the researcher administered questionnaires to head teachers and teachers.