Evaluation of Alloantibodies to human platelet antigen and Leucocyte antigen class 1 in Multitransfused patients in Owerri, Imo state
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Date
2024
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Evaluation of Alloantibodies to human platelet antigen and Leucocyte antigen class 1 in Multitransfused patients in Owerri, Imo state
Abstract
Alloantibodies to human platelet specific antigen and leucocyte antigen class 1 were evaluated in haemato-oncology multitransfused patients. Study subjects were 120 multi-transfused patients (96 males and 24 females) within the age bracket of 18 and 65 years who were on admission at Federal Medical Centre Owerri. Sixty apparently healthy individuals (40 males and 20 females) who have never received blood transfusion in life within the same age bracket were recruited as control subjects. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of Federal Medical Centre Owerri and the consent of the subjects were obtained. Valuable information were obtained by questionnaires.ELISA method (using monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen kit) was adopted for antibody determination. Data obtained were analysed with IBM SPSS. Chi-square test, student’s t-testand fisher’s analysis of variance were used to compute the relationship between variables. Statistical significance was set at a confidence limit of 95%. Results revealed that out of 120 multitransfused subjects tested, 107(89.17%) were alloimmunized, 13(10.83%) were not immunized. Those immunized against human platelet specific antigens and leucocyte antigens class 1 were 75(70%) and 4(3.78%) respectively. Those immunized against both human platelet specific antigens and leucocyte antigens were 28(26.1%). The prevalence of platelet specific glycoprotein antigens and leucocyte antigens were obtained as follows: Gp 11b/111a 97(80.83%), Gp1a/11a 46(38.33%), HLA class 1 32(26.67%), and 1b/ix 20(16.67%)
Result indicates high frequency of alloimmunization against human platelet specific antigens with alloantibodies against glycoprotein 11b/111a (HPA-1a,3a,4a) having the highest frequency in multitransfused subjects. Frequency of alloimmunization did not increase with the number of units of blood transfused. Finding will help ensure safety of transfusion therapy in other to avoid clinical conditions like Platelet refractoriness and post transfusion purpura.