Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus among Adult HIV Patients on Protease Inhibitor-Containing ART Regimens attending Fort-Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda
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Date
2023-05
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Kampala International University
Abstract
Background: Despite all the progress made due to HAART, the long-term adverse effects of PIs pose challenges in recent decades due to cross resistance and toxicities coinciding with a surge in HTN and DM. In Uganda, there is no adequate evidence on the magnitude of HTN and DM in HIV-infected individuals receiving PI-based ART regimens i.e., recent data are on either HTN alone or DM alone but not both.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with HTN and/or DM among HIV patients on a PI-containing ART regimens at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, western Uganda.
Methods: A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 randomly selected HIV-positive adults taking PI-containing ART. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 15. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. A logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors with HTN and/or DM among PLWHA as well as the associated factors between duration of PI-containing ART and HTN and/or DM.
Results: The prevalence of HTN and DM comorbidity was 6.7% (3.2-13.6) (95% CI). That of HTN alone was 26.9% (19.2-36.4) (95% CI) and DM alone had a prevalence of 27.9% (20-37.4) (95% CI). Having a family history of HTN and DM (aOR 12.16; 95% CI: 1.37-108) was the only factor associated with HTN and DM. Taking alcohol (aOR 13.94; 95% CI: 2.43-80.08), a positive family history of HTN and DM (aOR 12.01; 95% CI: 3.18-45.36), being obese (aOR 5.41; 95% CI: 1.08-27.16) were associated with HTN. Being 40 years and older (aOR 5.94; 95% CI: 1.59-22.19) was associated with DM.
Conclusions:The prevalence of HTN and/or DM was high in the study area. Being 40 years or older, consumption of alcohol, high viral load, and family history of HTN and DM increased the odds of getting HTN and/or DM in PLWHA on PI based ART regimens.
We, therefore, recommend that HIV patients should be screened for HTN and DM. Addressing modifiable factors through counseling on dietary intake of fast and junk food and cessation of alcohol intake would help to improve the longevity of patients on ART.