Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry

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    Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus among Adult HIV Patients on Protease Inhibitor-Containing ART Regimens attending Fort-Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Western Uganda
    (Kampala International University, 2023-05) Peter K. Kyaligonza, Jr.
    Background: Despite all the progress made due to HAART, the long-term adverse effects of PIs pose challenges in recent decades due to cross resistance and toxicities coinciding with a surge in HTN and DM. In Uganda, there is no adequate evidence on the magnitude of HTN and DM in HIV-infected individuals receiving PI-based ART regimens i.e., recent data are on either HTN alone or DM alone but not both. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with HTN and/or DM among HIV patients on a PI-containing ART regimens at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, western Uganda. Methods: A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 randomly selected HIV-positive adults taking PI-containing ART. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 15. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. A logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors with HTN and/or DM among PLWHA as well as the associated factors between duration of PI-containing ART and HTN and/or DM. Results: The prevalence of HTN and DM comorbidity was 6.7% (3.2-13.6) (95% CI). That of HTN alone was 26.9% (19.2-36.4) (95% CI) and DM alone had a prevalence of 27.9% (20-37.4) (95% CI). Having a family history of HTN and DM (aOR 12.16; 95% CI: 1.37-108) was the only factor associated with HTN and DM. Taking alcohol (aOR 13.94; 95% CI: 2.43-80.08), a positive family history of HTN and DM (aOR 12.01; 95% CI: 3.18-45.36), being obese (aOR 5.41; 95% CI: 1.08-27.16) were associated with HTN. Being 40 years and older (aOR 5.94; 95% CI: 1.59-22.19) was associated with DM. Conclusions:The prevalence of HTN and/or DM was high in the study area. Being 40 years or older, consumption of alcohol, high viral load, and family history of HTN and DM increased the odds of getting HTN and/or DM in PLWHA on PI based ART regimens. We, therefore, recommend that HIV patients should be screened for HTN and DM. Addressing modifiable factors through counseling on dietary intake of fast and junk food and cessation of alcohol intake would help to improve the longevity of patients on ART.
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    Health-related quality of life and factors associated with depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja District, Uganda.
    (Kampala International University, 2023-05) Inena Wa Inena Gaylord
    Depression is among the common psychiatric disorders with high prevalence in the general population across the world. Studies carried out on specific populations have shown that this prevalence is higher in vulnerable populations including people living with albinism. Despite the fact that several aspects linked with it have been found among people with oculocuteneous albinism in the Busoga region, data have remained unclear locally. Limited information is available regarding prevalence of depression, its associated factors and health related quality of life in the study area. The main objective of the present study was to determine the health related quality of life and factors associated with depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja, Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to capture data from a study sample size of 384 adults living with oculocutaneous albinism who were involved in completion of the screening tests for depression Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25(HSCL-25). The summation of scores for depression were averaged and the probable depression determined for each participant using a cut-off of 1.75. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between depression and associated factors. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) was used to assess the health related quality of life. The DLQI was calculated by the summation of the score of each question resulting in a maximum of 30 and a minimum of 0. The higher was the score, the more quality of life was impaired. Results The analyses revealed that the prevalence of depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in Jinja city stands at 65.4 %. The risk of depression was significantly associated with age (AOR = 1.059, 95% CI = 1.020–1.100, P = 0.003), history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 12.030, 95% CI = 1.117–12.961, P = 0.040) and taking chronically medication (AOR = 6.583, 95% CI = 1.618– 26.782, P = 0.008).Family support (AOR = 0.505, 95% CI = 0.286–0.892, P = 0.019) and marital status (AOR = 0.505, 95% CI = 0.286–0.892, P = 0.019) were significantly protective factors. The mean Dermatology Life Quality Index scores was 14.55. Oculocutaneous albinism had no effect on the quality of life of only 5.7% of the participants. On the remaining 95% affected participants, 48.7% were largely affected. Conclusions These findings show that the estimated prevalence of depression among people with oculocutaneous albinism in the study area is high and worrying and oculocutaneous albinism highly impacts negatively the quality of life of people with oculocutaneous albinism. Strategies targeted at early interventions and ultimately depression prevention need urgent attention in order to reduce risk factors of the disease and improve the health related quality of life of People with oculocutaneous albinism in the study area.
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    Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia among women with Helminthiasis attending Antenatal Care at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital.
    (Kampala International University, 2023) Akena Geoffrey
    Anemia is a global public health problem that affects around a quarter of the world's population, especially in developing nations (Dorsamy et al., 2022). Its burden is estimated to be around 40% of pregnant women worldwide (Dorsamy et al., 2022). Compared to women who did not have intestinal worms (16.4%), anemia was more prevalent in pregnant women with intestinal worms (55.6%) (Bolka & Gebremedhin, 2019). Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among women with helminthiasis attending Antenatal Clinic at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. Method and Materials: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from November 2022 to March 2023. A total of 420 pregnant women with helminthiasis attending ANC at Fort portal regional referral hospital were consecutively enrolled. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and laboratory report forms were used to obtain data. Descriptive statistical analysis followed by binary logistic regression were done. All data analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS statistics version 23. Results: we enrolled 420 participants, (The prevalence of anemia among them was 26.2%; with 39.1% having mild anemia, 35.5% had moderate anemia and 25.5% had severe form). The factors that independently associated with anemia among women with helminthiasis at the multivariate stage were women who were students (aOR= 0.167, 95% CI: 0.045-0.627, p=0.008), those who took helminthic medications in ≥3months (aOR= 0.107, 95% CI: 0.013-0.882, p=0.038), those whose source of water was borehole (aOR= 0.598, 95% CI: 0.359-0.995, p=0.048) and those who were at gestational age ranging between 14-27 weeks (aOR= 0.567, 95% CI: 0.351-0.915, p=0.020). Conclusions and recommendations: This study found that the prevalence of anemia among women with helminthiasis at Fort portal regional referral hospital was relatively higher than the regional prevalence. Mild form of anemia remains rampant. Being a student was protective and pregnant women who last took deworming medicines >3 months ago runs risk of suffering from anemia. While taking borehole water was protective and being in a gestational age between 14 and 27 weeks was also protective. Intense health education focusing on iron supplementation and deworming drug prophylaxis adherence to all pregnant women by the health workers.