Master of Accounting and Finance

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Exchange rate and gross domestic product of Uganda 1990- 2010.
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management, 2011-09) Sentongo, Simon
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exchange rate on gross domestic product in Uganda from 1990 to 2010. The factors investigated upon included; to establish the trend and growth rate of exchange rates in Uganda 1990-2010.To examine the trend and growth rate of GDP in Uganda between 1990-2010.To find out the relationship between changes in the exchange rate and Uganda’s GDP between 1990-2010,The researcher used regression analysis to determine the relationship between exchange rate and the level of GDR. Analysis was based on HO: that states that there is no significant relationship between exchange rate and GDP. Computer package like STATA was used in estimation of the regression models. The study was based on absorption theory. The findings of the study were as follows: exchange rate has been increasing by 620.8 shillings. GDP has been slightly increasing by 0.012 million shillings. The depreciation of Exchange Rate favors the growth in Gross Domestic Product of Uganda. R2 = 0.19 and this implies that Exchange rate explains 19% of the variation in GDP. Since exchange rate explains only 19% of the variation GDP, it means that there are other determinants of GDP that explains remaining 81%. R-value was -0.4377 and this signifies that there is a negative correlation between exchange rate and GDP. From the model specification, the gradient was -3.9956 which means that, a unit increase in exchange rate influences GDP by - 0.39956. Conclusions. Exchange rate fluctuations affect the general GDP level in Uganda. Therefore, whenever there is fluctuation or exchange rate volatility, there will also be fluctuations of output. This discourages investors, make planning and economic forecasting difficult. Therefore, in order to encourage investors, and to promote people’s welfare in Uganda, there is a need to reduce exchange rate fluctuations so as to allow relative price stability in the country. Recommendations from the study were; need to increase Government revenue and reduce the deficit budget to stabilize the exchange rate, increased foreign exchange inflow and reduce its outflow through increased exports and reduction of repatriation of profits by foreigners.
Financial transactions and internal control in selected financial institutions in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Kampala International University, College of Economics & management., 2012-01) Mohamed, Abdullahi Mohamed
This study sought to establish the relationship between financial transactions and internal control in financial institutions in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study was guided by four research objectives; to determine the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, educational qualification and number of years experience in financial institutions; to determine the extent of financial transactions; to determine the level of internal control and to establish whether there is significant relationship between the extent of financial transactions and the level of internal control in financial institutions , it utilized descriptive survey design using questionnaire as the research instruments. A target population was 134 the sample of the respondents 100 for Dahabshiil and Salama Somalia Bank equally, Simple random sampling method was used to identify the respondents. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS for means to determine the level of dependent and the extent of independent variables, using Person’s Linear Correlation Coefficient the correlation between two variables was determined. The findings discovered~ chat there is strongly positive relationship between financial transactions and internal control, while null hypothesis rejected. It recommended that financial institution improve financial transactions and internal control in order to increase firm’s productivity. The study concluded that the financial transactions significantly influence internal controls in Mogadishu’s financial institutions.
Record keeping and accountability in public institutions in Iganga district, Uganda
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management., 2012-07) Gabula, Keith Balondemu
This study was conducted to correlate recordkeeping’s impact to accountability in public institutions in Iganga district local government, Uganda. the study was conducted through descriptive survey and correlation research design, quantitative approach with a questionnaire and includes 100 respondents derived from a target population of 134 from the different heads of departments, their subordinates, and politicians from the selected sub counties in Iganga district local government, Uganda. the research found out that recordkeeping and effective accountability in public institutions in Iganga district local government significantly correlated. Iganga district local government should separate responsibilities of receiving revenue and any other material, recording payments or issuing out any other material, requisitioning of different materials needed at the different work stations. this should apply to both the working staff and the politicians and to all the selected sub counties so, Iganga district local government is advised to capitalize on the policies they adopt which were rated as satisfactory or very satisfactory.
Internal Control Systems and Accountability in University of Burao in Somaliland.
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management Sciences ., 2012-08) Abdulrahman, Sahal Salah
The study intended to establish the relationship between internal control systems and accountability of 133 randomly selected in University of Burao (U0B) staff (both managerial and non-managerial) in Somaliland, using descriptive and correlational designs. The first major objective of this study was profile of respondents in which the study indicates that male dominate (66.2%) female (33.8%) in U0B staff, the study also revealed that 88.7% which is the very majority of the employees in the sample were aged below 40 years; 7.5% were 40-59 years old; 3.8% were 60 and above years old. The study shows that UoB, which was established only in 2005, employed a great number of academicians (45.l%). This is an indication of that UoB attracted and retained highly educated employees who are likely to perform their duties well. In second objective, the study shows that, on the overall, the level of internal control systems (as to: control environment, risk assessment, procedure, communication and monitoring and evaluation) is good (grand mean=2.54) and in third objective the study indicates that the level of accountability was found to be fair (grand mean = 2.51). The last objective of the study was to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the level of internal control systems and level of accountability in University of Burao in Somaliland. The study uses Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient to measure and describe the relationship between the two variables of the study and to test the null hypothesis. The study also uses regression analysis to rank the effect of the five internal control components have on accountability. The level of internal control systems was found to be positively and significantly correlated with the level accountability (sig. < 0.05 and r-value = 0.435). It recommends that there is need to promote; transparency in recruitment, training and performance management, appropriate criteria should be used in the appointment of the board members, employees should be given training in maintaining effective internal control systems to carry out their daily work and improve and promote accountability and in organization risk management, policies should be developed in conjunction with the organization implementation plan.
Internal audit and fraud detection in selected money transfer companies in Puntland, Somalia
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management, 2012-08) Ahmed, Abshir Jama
This study examined the influence of internal audit on fraud detection of six money transfer companies in Puntland, Somalia. A self-made questionnaire is used to collect data in order to obtain four research objectives; 1) to identify the profile of the respondents, 2) to determine the extent of internal audit, 3) to find out the level of fraud detection, 4) to establish if internal audit function is significantly correlated with fraud detection. The study used descriptive survey design in order to compare the level of internal audit to fraud detection the sample of this study was 109 respondents from six money transfer companies in Puntland, Somalia. Key findings from the study were (1) the profile of the respondents found that male employees (87.2%) dominates female (12.2%), in regard to education level, respondents who are secondary level (14.7%), those who have diploma are (20.2%), those who obtained bachelor degree are (50.5%) where as master degree is (l4.7%) and none of the respondents have Ph.D, the length of work experience that (72.4%) of the respondents have less than 6 years and only (27.6%) have more than 7 years of experience, followed by the age of respondents who are less than 59 years are (98.2%) and who are above 60 years are (1.8%); (2) the overall level of internal audit found satisfactory (mean=2.81); (3) the overall level of fraud detection is also found satisfactory (mean =2.80); (4) the study also found that there exists a significant positive correlation between internal audit and fraud detection. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the level of internal audit and fraud detection in the selected money transfer companies in Puntland Somalia, and also internal audit contributes 38% in the variation of the level of fraud detection. Based on the findings, it was recommended that top management should give input for internal audit planning in money transfer companies in Puntland, Somalia and Internal audit function of the money transfer companies should be independent in order to detect fraud fairly
Capital management and entrepreneurship in rural areas of Rulindo District, Rwanda
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management, 2012-09) Delphine, Mukamurenzi
The study investigated “Capital Management and Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas of Rulindo District, Rwanda”. The target population was 243 of entrepreneurs of Base, Bushoki, Rusiga, Cyungo, Rukozo and Shyorongi sectors of Rulindo District. From the targeted population, the sample size was 151 from the above target population. The research objectives were in line with (1)the determinants of demographic characteristics of the respondents in term of the demographic characteristics of the respondents such as: Age, Gender, Education level, Education specialization, Number of years working as an entrepreneur, Type of Business and Form of business ownership; (2) The levels of capital management in selected rural enterprises of Rulindo District; (3) The level of entrepreneurship in selected rural enterprises of Rulindo District and (4) The significant correlation between the level of capital management and the level of entrepreneurship, respectively. The study utilized descriptive research design, means and Pearson correlation coefficient, The findings of the study indicated that the majority of entrepreneurs were male who rated at 66.8% and fell between 40-59 years of age. With respect to education level, the majority of the respondents (44.7%) were certificate holders. As per education specialization the majority rate is at education (34%). In terms of Number of Years doing a business, the majority of respondents fell between 6-9 years at 54% rate, Regarding type of business, the majority were rated at goods (60%). And lastly concerning type or form of Business ownership, 50% of respondents carry out Sole proprietorship form of business who were the majority of respondents. The level of capital management is generally high as this was indicated by the overall mean of 2.72. The level of entrepreneurship was also found to be generally high with the overall mean of 2.59. The findings also indicated positive significant correlations between capital management and entrepreneurship (the sig. value 0.000>0.005). It was recommended that more research on entrepreneurs should be conducted; Entrepreneurs should be taught and added more entrepreneurial skills. Furthermore, The Government of Rwanda should provide capital to proprietorship Entrepreneurs in rural areas of Rulindo District. Therefore, encouraging rural entrepreneurs to boost their businesses, the Government of Rwanda should also consider reduction on the rates of interest charged on loans,
4 Working Capital Management And Organizational Performance in Selected Telecommunication Companies in Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia
(Kampala international University college of economics and management, 2012-11) Abdisalam, Hamud Abokor
This dissertation is entitled “working capital management and organizational performance is selected telecommunication companies in Bosaso, Somalia”. The study was carried out based on four specific objectives. The first major objective of this study was profile of respondents in which the study indicates that male dominate (71.4%) female (28.6%) in the three organizations staff, the study also revealed that 49.6% which is the very majority of the employees in the sample were aged below 40 years; 48.1% were 40-59 years old; 2.3% were 60 and above years old. The study shows that selected telecommunication companies, which was established mid 1990s in 200, employed a great number of academicians (46.6%). This is an indication of that selected telecommunication companies attracted and retained highly educated employees who are likely to perform their duties well. In second objective, the study shows that, on the overall, the level of working capital management (as to: cash management, receivable management, inventory management, ) is good (grand mean = 2.67) and in third objective the study indicates that the level of organizational performance was found to be good (grand mean = 2.75). The last objective of the study was to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the level of working capital management and level of organizational performance in selected telecommunication in Somalia. The study used Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient to measure and describe the relationship between the two variables of the study and to test the null hypothesis. The study also uses regression analysis to rank the effect of the three working capital components have on organizational performance. The level of working capital management was found to be positively and significantly correlated with the level organizational performance (sig. < 0.05 and r-value = 0.417). Based on the findings of the study the following conclusions are drawn: According to the analysis the average mean of level of working capital management is 2.68, which showed that majority of the respondents agreed that the level of working capital management is good because the mean is in between 2.37- 2.93. As indicated in the analysis of chapter four, the average mean of the level of Organizational performance of the selected telecommunication companies is 2.75, this indicated that majority of the respondents agreed that the organizational performance of the telecommunication companies is good according to the average mean which lays in between 2.98-2,41.This study used descriptive survey design and correlation research design. Descriptive in that data collected used to describe a phenomenon; correlation in that it is interested in relating receivable management , cash management , inventory management , to organizational performance. It recommends that there is all employees should be given training in the maintaining the inventory of the organization and control system of all telecommunication companies in Somalia and to carry out their daily work to maximize their performance. The owners of the telecommunication should invest in the technological improvement to keep their business competitive in the market and maintain market sharing to other telecommunication companies in the market, The telecommunication companies should maintain sales volume to the market that the telecommunication companies sharing their competitive in the market.
Marketing strategy and profit maximization of Small and Medium Enterprises in Mogadishu, Somalia.
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management Sciences ., 2014-11) Muno, Unshie Ahmed
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between marketing strategies and profit maximization of Small and medium enterprise in Mogadishu Somalia. It was guided by three objectives, that is, to assess the level of marketing strategies among SMEs; to examine the level of profit maximization in SMEs and to investigate if there is a significant relationship between marketing strategies and profit maximization in SMEs in Mogadishu. This study followed a descriptive design, descriptive comparative, correlational, expost facto and cross sectional survey. A sample of 80 respondents was selected purposively. The researcher found out that the level of marketing strategies and profit maximization was low, an indication that there is a need for SMEs to find a more efficient and effective way of improving their marketing strategies for them to maximize their profits. The researcher discovered that there is a positive significant relationship between marketing strategies and profit maximization of small medium enterprise in Mogadishu Somalia (r = 0.646). The overall results suggested that strategic marketing strategies are not only crucial mechanisms in profit maximisation but also helps to enhance the development of new product/service for existing markets. Both traditional and non-traditional marketing strategies are important in a business enterprise depending on the business environment. The study recommends that SMEs should internationalize their marketing strategies for them to enter into the global market, this will give them room for improving the quality of their produce and increase sales that will in turn enable them maximize profits. There is a need for the SMEs to adopt a more modern technological marketing tool in their businesses and motivating their marketing personnel should be prioritised. The SMEs must also create links on social media to drive traffic to their corporate entities. Websites will help them to ensure live interaction with their customers through chatrooms. Similarly, this study recommends that SMEs need to have a balance between being sales oriented and profit oriented. They should as well focus on creativity other than being monopolistically driven.
Microfinance services and small businesses growth in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management, 2014-11) Abdimajid Omar, Abuhadi
This study investigated the relationship between microfinance services and small businesses growth in Mogadishu. The study was guided by three research objectives. First, to determine the extent of microfinance services in Mogadishu. Second, to find out level of small businesses growth in Mogadishu. Third, to establish the relationship between microfinance services and small businesses growth. To achieve the objectives of this study, data was collected through questionnaire. Data analysis, the researcher employed descriptive survey and correlation analysis also used Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Finding of this study identifies that that level of Microfinance services in Mogadishu, Somalia is high. And also it revealed that level of small business growth is high to most respondent. Finally, this study showed that there is a significant relationship between microfinance services and small businesses growth in Mogadishu, Somalia. Also, Regression analysis shown the microfinance services effected the small businesses growth. Moreover, the findings of this study will be helpful for the academicians, businesses, practitioners, researchers, planners, and policy makers who are involved in the concerned area. The researcher recommended microfinance institution are required to set more flexible, affordable and attractive requirements in financing Small businesses, their role need to be felt by the Small enterprises in terms of growth and development
Working capital management and managerial performance of selected real estate companies in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Kampala International University, 2016-11) Omar, Abdiqadar Osman
This study investigated the extent to which working capital management impacts on the managerial performance in selected real estate companies in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Cash management and profitability of selected banks in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management, 2016-11) Hilowle, Abdalla Sheikh Ali
The study investigated the effect of cash management on profitability of selected banks in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Personal income tax generation and utilization in Tarabastate Board Of Internal Revenue, Nigeria
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management, 2018-05) Babayo, Jamilu
The personal income tax is one of the major sources of income to the government. However, personal income tax has not yielded the much expected results in Taraba state. The study focused on how personal income tax generation affects tax utilization in Taraba state, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were; to assess the relationship between tax identification and tax utilization: to examine the relationship between tax assessment and tax utilization: to investigate the relationship between tax collection and tax utilization in Taraba state, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design using quantitative method of enquiries. The study population comprised of 600 people, from which a study sample of 234 respondents were selected using simple random and purposive sampling methods. To ensure reliability and validity of the instrument cronbach alpha and Content validity index calculation were used. The outputs of the cronbach alpha were above 0.70 for the instrument, which declare the instrument reliable. The content validity index is 83.3%, which declare the instruments used to be valid. Data was analyzed using SPSS, descriptive, bi-variate and multivariate analysis was done. The findings of the study showed a positive relationship between tax identification and tax utilization (r = 0.616). It also showed a positive relationship between tax assessment and tax utilization (r = 0.673), and a positive relationship between tax collection and tax utilization (r = 0.650). The study concluded that the various components of income tax generation, that is tax identification, tax assessment and tax utilization have positive and significant influence on tax utilization. The researcher recommended that the need for reductions in the direct tax rates and increases in the indirect tax rates, that government should pass new tax laws, that tax authorities should properly review and evaluate the assessment and collection procedures so as to encourage compliance by the tax payers, that qualified personnel with the right attitude should be recruited, trained and retrained to man the Internal revenue board, and that deliberate effort should be made to educate tax payers on the need to pay taxes while the government should embark on aggressive infrastructural development to justify taxes received. This study contributes to the existing knowledge/research on taxation in Nigeria and Taraba state, it as well provide befitting recommendations to improve the taxation system.
Computerized accounting systems and quality of financial reports of selected commercial banks in Hargeisa, Somaliland
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management, 2018-06) Abdirahman, Awil Hussein
This study aimed at investigating the effects of computerized accounting systems on financial reports of selected commercial banks in Hargeisa Somaliland. It was guided by three specific objectives, that included (i) To establish the effect of Accounting data processing on the quality of financial reports in Somaliland, (ii) To establish the effect of Accounting data Storage on the quality of financial reports in Somaliland, and (iii) To establish the effect of Accounting data retrieval on the quality of financial reports in Somaliland. This research employed descriptive research design to describe the variables and the main instrument of data collection was the questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential analysis. Data collected through the open-ended questions. The sample for the study consisted of 63 respondents from selected commercial banks in Hargeisa Somaliland; selected through purposive sampling technique. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis in particular using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. To ensure validity of the instruments Content Validity Index (CVI) was used which should not be less than 0.7. To ensure reliability, the researcher conducted a pilot test and the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient which ranges in value from 0 to 1 was computed using SPSS. The study found out that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in accounting data processing lead to .465 increase in quality of financial reports whereas a unit increase in Accounting data Storage leads to .310 increase in quality of financial reports and a unit increase in Accounting data retrieval leads to .472 increase in quality of financial reports of selected commercial banks. This infers that accounting data retrieval contributes most to quality of financial reports of selected commercial banks followed by Accounting data processing then accounting data storage. The study concluded that computerized accounting systems has significant effect on the quality of financial reports of selected commercial banks in Hargeisa Somaliland. The study recommends that in order to ensure that the selected commercial banks have quality financial reports; they should invest on computerized accounting systems to improve the speed, timeliness, accuracy and relevance of the financial reports of their organizations. The study contributed to new knowledge in the following ways; the holistic analysis of this study added to existing research by identifying that computerized accounting systems such as accounting data processing, accounting data storage and data retrieval storage significantly affect the quality of financial reports. To holistically analyze the significant effect of these systems, which has not been done before. The study confirmed results of existing studies that also emphasized the effect of computerized accounting systems on quality of financial reports. However, the study also provides empirical evidence that computerized accounting systems factoring in its speed, timeliness, accuracy, Data Security and the possibility of producing quality data affects the quality of financial reports of the selected commercial banks in Hargeisa Somaliland. Moreover, the study contributed that the measures of quality of financial reports are relevancy, reliability and understandability that were not emphasized in existing computerized accounting and quality of financial reports literature.
Internal Control System and Fraudulent Practices in The Nigerian Public Sector; A Survey of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (Nnpc) Nigeria
(Kampala International University, College of Economics & management., 2018-10) Yat, Solomon
The researcher investigated the relationship between ‘internal control system and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector; a survey of Nigerian National petroleum Corporation (NP. /P~’. The purpose the study was to determine the Effect of Internal Control system on fraudulent in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the relationship between internal control system components (Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, information and communication, and monitoring) and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector. The study adopted a cross sectional research and descriptive research design in which data was collected and analyze using quantitative method. The sample size of 300 was selected from the target population of 1205 using Slovene jorum/a. Results from the Pearson linear correlation and regression analysis shows that there is statistically significant relationship between the internal control system variables and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector and internal control system have a negative Effect on fraudulent practices. Thus, Control Environment was regressed on Fraudulent Practices and the result of linear regression showed that R2=0.961 and significant at P < 0.000; Control Activities was regressed on Fraudulent Practice and the result of linear regression showed that R2~0.936 and significant at P < 0.000; monitoring was regressed with Fraudulent Practices. The result of linear regression showed R2=0.936.
Internal control system and fraudulent practices the Nigerian public sector; a survey of Nigerian national Petroleum Corporation (nnpc) Nigeria
(Kampala International University, school of Economics and Management, 2018-10) Yat, Solomon
The researcher investigated the relations, between ‘internal control system and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector,~ a survey of Nigerian National petroleum Corporation (NNPC)’. The purpose of the study was to determine the Effect of Internal Control system on fraudulent in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the relations between internal control system components (Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, information and communication, and monitoring) and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector. The study adopted a cross sectional research and descriptive research design in which data was collected and analyze using quantitative method. The sample size of 300 was selected from the target population of 1205 using Slovene‘s formula. Results from the Pearson linear correlation and regression analysis shows that there are statistical significant relationship between the internal control system variables and fraudulent practices in the Nigeria public sector and internal control system have a negative Effect on fraudulent practices. Thus Control Environment was regressed on
Internal control system and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian Public Sector; a survey of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Nigeria
(Kampala International University , College Of Economics And Management, 2018-10) Yat, Solomon
The researcher investigated the relationship between ‘internal control system and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector; a survey of Nigerian National petroleum Corporation (NNPC)’. The purpose of the study was to determine the Effect of Internal Control system on fraudulent in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the relationship between internal control system components (Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, information and communication, and monitoring) and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector. The study adopted a cross sectional research and descriptive research design in which data was collected and analyze using quantitative method. The sample size of 300 was selected from the target population of 1205 using Slovene’s formula. Results from the Pearson linear correlation and regression analysis shows that there are statistical significant relationship between the internal control system variables and fraudulent practices in the Nigerian public sector and internal control system have a negative Effect on fraudulent practices. Thus Control Environment was regressed on Fraudulent Practices and the result of linear regression showed that R2=0.961 and significant at P < 0.000; Risk Assessment was regressed on Fraudulent Practices and the result of linear regression showed that R2=0.951 and significant at P < 0.000; Control Activities was regressed on Fraudulent Practice and the result of linear regression showed that R2=0.936 and significant at P < 0.000; Information and communication was regressed with Fraudulent Practices. The result of linear regression showed that R2=0.936 and significant at P < 0.000; monitoring was regressed with Fraudulent Practices. The result of linear regression showed R2=0.936 and significant at P < 0.000. The results of multiple regression analysis performed simultaneously on the variables showed that information and communication control has a positive weak relationship with fraudulent practices, this suggest that improper information and communication control will aid the fraudulent practices instead of mitigating it. The researcher concluded that internal control system has a negative effect on fraudulent practices in the Nigeria public sector but the implementation of internal control is weak thereby making ineffective. The study contributed to the growing body of knowledge in the area of theories used to spur the effectiveness of internal control system and in understanding the motivation to fraudulent practices. The study recommends that those who are in charge of managing public funds should set the appropriate tone and demonstrate it through directives, actions, integrity and ethical values that support the functioning of the system of internal control system.
Micro finance and financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Tanzania
(Kampala International University, 2018-11) Mnunka, Halipha Iddy
The study assessed the effects of Microfinance on financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. Data from Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC 2018) shows that 18% of the SMEs collapse in the third year of establishment, while 20% remains dormant making little profits. The specific objective of the study were to establish the influence of provision of credit facilities on financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises, to determine the effect of savings mobilization on financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises and to find out the relationship between financial skills training and financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. The research design used was descriptive research design. The target population consisted of the registered 3215 Small and Medium Enterprises and the sample size was 356 SMEs operating in Ilala Municipal. Data collection method used was questionnaire. The study used primary data which was obtained through self administered questionnaire with closed questions. 84.2% of the respondents was agreed that credit facilities affect the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises, 84.3% of the respondents was agreed that saving mobilization affect the financial performance of Small and medium Enterprises and 85.4% of the respondents was agreed that financial skills training affect the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. The study recommended that the government and the Microfinance’s regulating bodies support to facilitate their growth and increase capacity of small and medium enterprises in Tanzania.
Impact of accounting best practices on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Ilala municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management., 2018-11) Alili, Joseph
SMEs are one of the important economic catalysts in Tanzania. Majority of the people are either supported directly (59%) or indirectly (78%). However, these entities are collapsing in the earlier stages and some making little profit. Could it be because of accounting best practices which are causing these SMEs to collapse or earn little profit? The study was conducted about the Impact of Accounting Best Practices on Financial Performance of SMEs in Ilala Municipality, Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were: to establish accounting practices adopted by SMEs in Ilala Municipality, to analyse the trend of SMEs financial performance and to determine the relationship between accounting practices and financial performance of SMEs in Ilala District, Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The study used mixed method research design with a descriptive nature and the primary data collected from 291 SMEs in Ilala Municipality using structured questionnaires. Proportionate random stratified sampling was used. The study revealed that accounting best practice is partially being utilized by SMEs in Ilala Municipality hence giving chance for some SMEs to collapse in the second year of their establishment. The study suggests that SMEs laws be enhanced and made mandatory for SMEs under a specific volume of sales to hire accountants and internal auditors. In case circumstances are that the volume of sales is less than the stipulated in the law, the authority (Ministry) concerned should organize special accounting and auditing staff that should assist these SMEs in keeping their book, with certificates of competence issued to SMEs best performers in accounting best practices. Also the study recommends that budgets for SMEs should be lodged or submitted to the authority (Ministry) concerned. Lastly, the authorities concerned should conduct workshops and seminars for elementary accounting best practices for SMEs owners to appreciate the whole process of accounting best practices.
Credit Management and Loan Performance in Selected Commercial Banks In Bujumbura, Burundi.
(Kampala International University ,College of Economics and Management., 2018-12) Rukundo, Alain Romaric
This study was aimed at determining the effect credit management on loan performance. The study was based on four specific objectives; to assess the effect of credit standards on loan performance in commercial banks, to determine the effect of implementation of credit policy on loan performance in commercial banks, to analyze how credit terms affect loan performance in commercial banks and to establish the effect of collection policies on loan performance in commercial banks in Burundi. A review of existing literature revealed that very few studies have been done on factors affecting credit management as many of the studies concentrated largely on non-financial loans and credit allocation yet it is through improved credit management that banks’ loan portfolios can enlarge and banks would meet their ultimate goal of stimulating growth and performance in the economy. Despite many researches it is quite clear that very little research studies has been done on factors affecting credit management as many of the researches concentrates largely on nonfinancial loans and credit allocation yet it is through improved credit management that banks would be able to expand their loan portfolios. The study aims to fill that knowledge gap. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, with the study population comprised of 58 employees of 3 selected commercial banks. Data was collected using questionnaires and was analyzed using descriptive and regression analysis to determine the effect of credit management on loan performance. The findings of the study revealed that the various components of credit management, that is credit standards (average mean 4.73 and standard deviation 0.68), credit policy (average mean 4.71 and standard deviation 0.63). credit terms (average mean 4.57 and standard deviation 0.57) and collection policy (average mean 4.63 and standard deviation 0.61), have a positive and significant effect on loan performance in commercial banks in Bujumbura. Burundi. The study concluded that having objective and appropriate parameters for credit standard, enabling banks to adequately assess the credit records, and clear guidelines in the processing and issuance of loans and monitoring their repayment schedules has a direct bearing on the levels of default and repayment. It was also concluded that the policy on loan repayment collections is another key determinant of loan performance, where the rate of asset recovery and transfer of loans is directed related to the level of losses fi’orn loan default. The study recommended that Commercial banks should consider having in place effective credit standards, credit policy, credit terms and collection policies or procedures as mechanisms to guide their business, since the effectiveness of credit management is important to the successfLll management of banking institutions; that Commercial banks should operate their credit businesses based strictly on established lending guidelines that clearly outline the business growth priorities of the senior management, as well as the conditions to satisfy in order to qualify for loan approval; and that there should be prior customer evaluation before loans are granted, and a continuous process of assessment before and during the course of loan repayment. This study’s contribution to knowledge is its ability to add to the body of existing knowledge on financial and credit management discipline and bridging gaps in credit management research as a whole, by informing policy makers and managers of the best practices in appraising their credit policies and to review their operations critically for more result oriented approaches in the dealing with credit facilities.
Fiscal decentralization and local revenue generation in local authorities
(Kampala International University, 2018-12) Natwijuka, Crispus
The study explores the relationship between fiscal decentralization and revenue generation in selected sub-counties and divisions of Rukungiri District Local Government. The objectives of the study include: To establish the implication of fiscal decentralization, the effect of assignment of appropriate revenue and functions and to establish the effect of appropriate Intergovernmental transfer systems of local revenue generation in Rukungiri District Local Government were analyzed. The study adopted both qualitative, quantitative approaches and cross sectional design. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and face to face interviews. The population was 246 and a sample 106 which was obtained using purposive and stratified sampling methods. 106 respondents were given questioners and 81 (74%) were returned fully answered. The results reveal that there exists a relationship between fiscal decentralization and local revenue generation in Rukungiri District Local Government. The study also revealed that, although there exists fiscal decentralization, its role in supporting revenue generation is minimal since the system doesn’t give absolute powers to lower local governments for instance fiscal decentralization allow local authorities to make bye-laws and ordinances to introduce taxes and rates subject to ministerial approval and if he doesn’t approve, such laws and regulations become useless. Lastly, the central government has effectively decentralized the implementation of services delivery but it’s stronghold on priority setting and funding continues. This implies that local governments planning and implementation organs of government have limited discretion over utilization of majority of its funding. Based on the study findings, several recommendations were made which include among the following; Rukungiri District should step up revenue generation projects like market, promote tourism by construction of lodes and hotels, nd fight corruption among others.

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