School of Natural and Applied Science

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Assesing The Opportunities And Constraits Of Adopting Agro-Forestry Practices By SmallHolder Farmers In Luwero District, Central Uganda
(2023-09) Ali, Hashi Ahmed
The study assesses the opportunities and constraints of adopting agro-forestry practices by smallholder farmers in Luwero district, central Uganda. It characterizes the agro-forestry practices undertaken by smallholder farmers in Luwero. It examines the determinants for the adoption of agro-forestry by smallholder farmers. It also ascertains the opportunities for adopting agro-forestry practices by smallholder farmers and establishes the constraints to adopting agro-forestry practices. Data was collected from 304 respondents providing information from administered questionnaires and interviews with 10 respondents. The study discovered that agro-forestry in Luwerois characterized by the presence of home-based agriculture schemes and field agricultural programsthat are expected to enable food security. It found that agro-forestry is determined naturally by the presence of good rainfall and climatic conditions, education of the community and family size, government policy supporting adoption of agro-forestry and presence of institutions such as NEMA in the regulations.The study found that agro-forestry provides economic opportunities through employment and income, rainfall, provide a sense of environmental sustainability, supporting environmental security, provision of food and animals as food for the people in the small holder farms.The study also identifiesthat agro-forestry is constrained bythe ineffective implementation of policy, poor policy management, lack of effective control for agriculture, drought constraint the agro-forestry, presence of disastrous winds, lack of water for irrigation and high costs of the agro-forestry schemes.Hence, it concludes that agro-forestry practices are common amongst the small holder farmers in the Luwero district, though the farmers are not conversant with the programme (crops and trees are cultivated on the same piece of land). Secondly, it affirms that agro-forestry by small holder farmers in the Luwero district is supported by the presence of rainfall and good climatic conditions, supportive government policy and institutions which agitate for theschemes in the district. Thirdly, it surmises that agro-forestry in the Luwero district provides positive economic, environmental and food security mechanisms for the people. It also concludes that agro-forestry is constrained bythe lack of adequate policy essential to significantlysupports the schemes, low access to irrigation.The study recommends theadoption of agro-forestry-based climate change adaptation technologies among smallholder farmers in the Luwero district. There is a need for improvement and increasing governmental and institutional support systems that will enable farmers in the watershed to have equitable assess to interventions that promote the practising of agro-forestry. Also, farmers’ access to markets needs to be improved with the creation of value chains for agro-forestry products.There is a need for developing strategies, frameworks and indicators at alllevels to continuously measure progress in agro-forestry systems and their climate benefits.
Assessment Of The Impat Of Urbanisation On Environmental Conservation Measures In Namanve Industrial Park Area, Mukono District, Uganda
(2023-09) Ahmed, Mohamed Isse
The study determined the impact of urbanization on environmental conservation measures in the Namanve industrial park area, Mukono District, Uganda. The objectives were to: 1) evaluate the effect of urbanization on the environmental conservation measure, 2) document the environmental conservation practices/measures and 3) suggest mechanisms for the implementation of environmental conservation efforts in the Namanve industrial park area, Mukono District, Uganda. The study utilised a mixed research design in its approach. Hence, data was collected from 296 quantitative respondents and 10 qualitative respondents from the study area. The study discovered that the rate of conservation does not depend on urbanisation. Also, afforestation and reforestation were part of the environmental conservation practices/measures. Second objective findings indicate that continued urbanisation has reduced environmental conservation measures. Thirdly the study indicates that there are some mechanisms put in place for the implementation of environmental conservation efforts in the study area such as air pollution control mechanisms, green environment conservation, the provision of information controls for the environment and the provision of conservation policies. The study concludes that there is ineffectiveness in the environmental conservation practices in Namanve industrial park. Furthermore, it affirms that there is limited environmental conservation practices/measure in Namanve Industrial park. The study concludes that increased urbanisation reduces the environmental conservation measures in Namanve industrial park area, Mukono District, Uganda. The study recommends sustainable environmental practices that will sustain the environmental conservation approaches engaged in the study area.
Assessment of Bush Burning On Savanna in Ruzizi Plain South-Kivu Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
(2024) Cijoli Cigoli Lourdes
Bush burning is rampant in many rural communities of the world. It has led to loss of valuable flora and fauna. Loss of habitat is one of the major threats to the existence of wildlife anywhere in the world. This problem is exacerbated by activities of burn farmers, hunters and poachers. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, deforestation and forest degradation are mainly the result of the expansion of slash-and-burn agriculture (the main form of agriculture in that part of the country). The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of bush burnings on savanna in Ruzizi plain, South-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A number of tools were used during collection of data and these included: questionnaire, interviews and documentary review. Data from questionnaire were collected from 400 respondents. Descriptive statistical analyses such as frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data obtained. Reasons for bush burning include hunting and poaching (35%), agriculture (30%), low management of pasture (15%), ill intentions (13%), weak policies (5%) and cigarettes butts left on the land (2%). The effects of bush burning on biodiversity and human health in Ruzizi Plain are destruction of vegetation cover, destruction of soil texture and its organisms, extinction of some wild species, burns and injuries, respiration issues and skin problems. People living in Ruzizi plain are of the view that bush-burning activity should be arrested. The study recommended agro-forestry practices, education and aggressive campaign against bush burning, strengthen savannas surveillance during dry season, reforestation, community outreach, management of pastures, installation of firebreaks, law enforcement and setting up of an alert system
Assessment of community participation in sustainable management of Nyabugogo and Nyabarongo wetlands, Kigali city
(Kampala International University, School of Natural and applied siences, 2013-11) Solve, Byukusenge
This study evaluated the extent of community participation in sustainable wetland management in Kigali City. The aim of the study was to establish the contribution of different stakeholders in sustainable wetland management, to identify the use of indigenous knowledge in wetland management and public awareness of existing management system and practices. The study compared the difference between wetland sites with active community participation and wetland sites without community participation, in Kigali City, in assessing water quality by measuring selected physical, chemical and biological parameters in Nyabugogo and Nyabarongo wetlands. The parameters covered were Temperature, Electric Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Ammonia, Phosphates, oil and grease, Sulfides, Lead, Chromium, Iron, Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Benzene and fecal coliforms. The water samples were collected, preserved and analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods. Water quality analysis revealed that both wetlands have different concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb), Phosphates, Ammonia, oil and grease. The survey results revealed that local people have traditional knowledge to conserve and use wetland resources, but indigenous knowledge have also limitations due to their beliefs and mindset that can lead to wetland degradation. Though farmers have sufficient knowledge on the causes and the potential solutions to overcome most constraints related to agricultural management, some local farmers invade wetlands during dry season using unsustainable practices for the growing of crops (use of agro-chemicals in vegetables). Farmers of highlands in northern part of Rwanda used traditional knowledge to predict rain season and drought through observing humidity in the pot-like dish inserted into the ground, water level increase in the pot indicate the onset of appropriate season for fanning. Wetlands of this region (Rugezi in Bulera district) are sources of major rivers and contain higher amount of vegetation. The drainage of these swamps may lead to drought in downstream or other forms of imbalance in the environment like increased erosion or disruption of the climate. Wetland sedges provide critical areas for livestock grazing, especially during the dry season. Raised beds for agri-pisciculture have been implemented and have proved to be sustainable and effective. Farmers use farmyard manure and compost to increase soil fertility, believe that chemical fertilizers decrease soil fertility and then match cropping systems with soil type.
Assessment of Portable Water Quality in Kumi Town Council, Eastern Uganda.
(Kampala International University, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2012-10) Omuna, Daniel
The study was conducted in Kumi town council in Eastern Uganda. The study was experimental in nature geared towards determining physico-chemical, chemical and biological parameters of protected springs and borehole water, establish recommendation on how the communities in Kumi town Council can cope with the level of physicochemical, chemical and biological parameters of the water they consume. The water samples were collected twice from the sampled sources in the months of February 2012 and April 2012.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Oil Spillage Management in the Melut Basin of South Sudan
(2024) Chep Makur Chuot
The study assessed the level of the effectiveness of oil spillage management procedures in the Melut Basin communities of South Sudan. The objectives of the study were to; examine the implication of oil spills on the Melut Basin community in the oil producing areas of South Sudan, determine the ways to the reduce of the impact of oil producing on human life, livestock, wild animals and farming in Melut Basin communities in South Sudan, explore how the spills are prevented from reaching the Melut Basin communities in South Sudan and to examine the spatial relationship trends and patterns in geography (GIS) of Melut Basin, South Sudan in the past 10 years compared to the recent years. The research design was a case study design whereby both qualitative and quantitative aspects were used. The study population comprised of 1200 respondents of which 400 was the sample size. Purposive sampling design was used to collect information and questionnaire data research tool was employed. The major findings of the study revealed that, on the implication of oil spills on the Melut Basin community in the oil producing areas of South Sudan, majority of the respondents agreed with 17.5% and strongly agreed with 64.5% that indigenous communities experience significant cultural impacts due to oil spills. On the consensus among respondents regarding the ways how spills are prevented from reaching the Melut Basin communities in South Sudan, 49.3% strongly agreed with its importance, a substantial percentage Agreed with 37.8% with mean value of 4.23. The findings of the impact of oil production on human life, livestock and farming activities in Melut Basin communities in South Sudan shed light on the ways to reduce the impact of oil production on human life, livestock, and farming activities in Melut Basin communities in South Sudan and a significant consensus strongly agrees (62.8%) with the importance of these efforts, and a substantial percentage agrees (19.3%) with mean value of 4.55. The Geographic Information System (GIS) coordinates for the Melut Basin in South Sudan have been tracked over a span of 12 years, from 2012 to 2023. These longitude coordinates, ranging from approximately 32.19123961 to 32.21033694, are vital for mapping, geospatial analysis, and monitoring changes in the region. It was concluded that on the substantial and interconnected concerns of the local community regarding the implications of oil spills, the worries expressed about health consequences underscore the pressing need for comprehensive health and safety measures in regions where oil extraction activities are prevalent. On the GIS of Melut Basin, South Sudan in the past 10 years compared to the recent years, the analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS) coordinates has provided invaluable insights into the region's environmental dynamics and resource management over the past decade. It was recommended that to address the heightened concerns about the environmental impact of oil spills, the government strengthens environmental monitoring and regulation in the region. Implementing stricter environmental standards and conducting regular assessments of oil extraction activities can help mitigate the environmental consequences. Enforcing stringent regulations for oil transport, whether by sea or land, is crucial to safeguard the Melut Basin communities. The government should work on enhancing the regulatory framework and ensuring its effective implementation and it should collaborate with healthcare providers and non-governmental organizations.
Assessment of the effects of mining on land cover change in Kogi and Kaduna states, Nigeria
(Kampala International University, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2018-06) Egun, Samuel Balarebe
This study was conducted in Itaphe hills in Kogi state and Birnin Gwari in Kaduna state, Nigeria to assess the effects of mining activities on land cover changes. There is a conflict between economic gains as a result of mining activities on land cover changes resulting in environmental degradation. Therefore this study was an attempt to fill the existing knowledge gap. According to Kibuuka M, (2012), research Gap(s) is a problem which has not been addressed so far in this particular field of study. This is because the reason for one to undertake a research work should be a lack of an insufficiency or gap in existence. In the above dispensation, this particular study has not been done in these areas before now therefore it is a gap. Three objectives were developed to carry out the study; objective one:- to determine the drivers of mining activities in Kogi and Kaduna states, Nigeria, objective two: - to examine the extent of mining activities and land cover change in Kogi and Kaduna states, Nigeria; for the years 1995, 2005, 2015. Objective three:- to assess and compare the effects of mining activities on land cover change in Kogi and Kaduna states, Nigeria. Research questions and null hypotheses were developed to support the research findings; Methods- descriptive and comparative design was adopted for the two mining areas under investigation. Questionnaires and face to face interviews were conducted based on the sampling technique. Data were collected, analyzed and the findings were interpreted as follows; objective one: the results revealed that the greatest driver of mining activities was availability of minerals with 46%, then demand for mineral with 42%, industrialization with 8% and increased population with 4%. Objective two, the study revealed that Kogi in 1995, the mean deviation 3.7681Ex104, in 2005 the mean was 1.8028Ex104 and 2015, it was 8.5064x103 for dense land cover that sowed 0.000 which is less than 0.05 level of significance, hence H0 was rejected. The same finding of sig Value 0.000 was recorded for sparse land in Kogi and so the H0 was rejected since it was less than 0.05 level of significance. In Kaduna the study showed that in 1995, the Dense land cover mean was 3.2182x104 but in 2005, it was 2.0553x104 with the sig value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 level of significance, hence Ho was rejected. The study also computed the sparse land cover results and it showed the Sig Value of 0.000 for 2005, 2015, hence the H0 was rejected. Objective Three:- the findings obtained from the above objective indicated that loss of vegetation was most affected with 78% , followed by Disruption of ecosystems with 14%, Acid rain 5% and soil erosion 3% . The study found out that that land cover resources attracted anthropogenic phenomenon (e.g mineral xploitation and industrial build-up) in land cover areas. The study recommended that strengthening institutional monitoring and planning frameworks would help to improve sustainable governance of the humid tropical areas. The study also recommends conducting environmental auditing and mitigation studies against these damages including regular inspections should be executed to keep these activities of mining under
Assessment of the extent of the impact of drought on crop production in Isingiro District, Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2021-11) Abdirahman, Yusuf
The study is set to assess how drought has affected crop production in Isingiro District, Uganda. The study objectives are to assess the extent and seasonal variation of drought in Isingiro District, Uganda, to examine the effect of drought on production of crops and establish the drought adaptation mechanisms undertaken by farmers in crop production in Isingiro District, Uganda. The study attained data from the field on the extent and seasonal variation of drought in Isingiro District, Uganda using standardized precipitation index (SPI) data for a period from 1984 to 2014 and information attained using questionnaires on the effect of drought on production of crops and drought adaptation mechanisms undertaken by farmers in crop production in Isingiro District, Uganda, the study attained data from 200 respondents for this cause. The study findings show that there was a sporadic variation in the drought situation in Isingiro district. The study results reveal that drought negatively affect crops production in Isingiro district with crops completely dying, crops become stunted, crops yield poorly and Seeds fail to germinate with 18% respondents and finally crops fail to yield fruits. The results reveal that farmers in Isingiro have adopted few Drought adaption mechanisms with Seasonal timing before crop growth according to 38%, planting drought resistant crops had 25.5%, valley dams provide water according to 13% and finally irrigation from water sources had 13.5% with storage of water for future irrigation presenting. The research concludes that drought existed though it didn’t take along period as variation in the climate was experienced, Secondly the study conclude that drought has presented a negative effect on the agriculture with crops failure, death and total improper production in the yields registering. On the third objective, the study concludes that seasonal timing before crop growth, planting drought resistant crops, construction of valley dams which provide water during drought.
Assessment of the impact of deforestation of mpanga forest reserve on the community in Mpigi District
(Kampala International University, 2021-10) Abdulahi, Farah Adan
The study set to assess the impact of deforestation on community livelihood in Mpanga central forest reserve, Mpigi district. The objectives were to examine the factors that contribute to deforestation in Mpanga Central forest reserve, assess the effect of deforestation on community livelihood and to establish the possible mechanisms for addressing deforestation in Mpanga Central forest reserve, Mpigi district. The data was collected from 321 respondents using the questionnaires and 12 respondents who provided data qualitatively, these were based on a descriptive research design based on both qualitative and quantitative research design. The study results established that economically deforestation with charcoal burning, farming, institutional factors that cause deforestation were majorly limited institutional capacity to monitor forests, with poor policy management in environmentally, the occurrence of drought is responsible for deforestation. Secondly deforestation affect community livelihood in Mpanga Central forest reserve, Mpigi district majorly through affecting the food security that negatively, it provides incomes and construction materials although environmentalists. Thirdly, the community has designed few mechanisms for addressing the deforestation challenge in MFR, Mpigi district, the majority through arresting people in deforestation, reporting tree cutting with and improving trees conditions. The study concludes that deforestation causes were majorly economic with sale of the products inducing it, though poor policy and institutional mechanisms and social beliefs increased the occurrence of deforestation in and around Mpanga forest reserve. Secondly deforestation was perceived by the locals as a positive venture towards the community livelihood. Thirdly the study conclude that the community and Mpigi district have developed few mechanisms to avert deforestation arresting people in deforestation and reporting tree cutting plus sensitization against deforestation and enhancing the development of skills for proper forest usage. The study recommend that there is need for promoting activities that reduce the pressure off the forest like sericulture, butterfly farming, improved bee- keeping, development of fodder banks, bio-intensive agriculture and farm forestry. Secondly there is need for increasing income and improved literacy levels because with improved standards of living. There is need to increase the capacity of a government to design, implement and enforce policies and people should be encouraged to plant trees at home.
Assessment of the role of government institutions in supporting smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Gombe state, Nigeria:
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2017-10) Abdulrashid, Abdullahi
This thesis is presented as a result of a study entitled “Assessment of the role of government institutions in supporting smaliholder farmer’s adaptation to climate change”, that was conducted in Gombe Local Government Area in Gombe state, Nigeria. The study objectives intended to examine the smallholder farmer’s perceptions on climate change and impacts on crop and livestock production; examine the adaptation strategies adopted by local farmers to cope with the effects of climate change; assess the determinants that the government uses to determine the adaptation support to the farmers; examine the support of government institutions in facilitating farmer’s adaptation to climate change; as well as assess the challenges to the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies in Gombe state, Nigeria. A total of 240 randomly sampled respondents were selected to participate in the study. The findings show that there is widespread knowledge on the severity of climate change, and its impact is largely negative on both crop and livestock production. The study also found out that various adaptation mechanisms have been adopted in both crop productions such as local irrigation techniques and crop rotation. And on livestock production, techniques such as paddocking to minimize spread of animal pests and diseases to deal with the effects of climate change, and that the adopted mechanisms are largely believed to be effective. The study also found out that a number of factors are responsible for determining the government support towards adaptation in both crop and animal production like the number of affected people and availability of resources to support farmers. The government support towards adaptation was provided through different ways, for both crop and animal production by provision of crop pesticides and funding for irrigation. The study also found out that there were a number of different challenges encountered by crop producers, livestock producers and government institutions in trying to implement mechanisms in the adaptation to climate change in Gombe state, Nigeria like massive poverty and corruption and political influence in most government institutions. The study concluded that people understand the existence of climate change and its long term impact on their livelihood, and also understand the need for adaptation. It also concluded that local crop and livestock producers have adopted a number of effective mechanisms to deal with the impact of climate change. It also concluded that government support is determined by various factors in both crop and livestock production, and that government support towards adaptation is provided through different ways, albeit with a number of challenges for crop and livestock producers as well as the government institutions themselves. The study recommended that government should engage rural smallholder farmers, non-governmental organizations and civil society in this effort, and that it should encourage local mechanisms in order to ensure sustainability of the adaptation efforts.
Assessment of Wastewater Quality in Nyabugogo Stream; Kigali-Rwanda
(Kampala International University, Master’s Degree of Environmental Management and Development, 2012-04) Bonane Bahati, Serge
The study assessed the characteristics of wastewater of Nyabugogo stream highlighting on their sources and the nature of contaminants they constitute as Chemical and Physio-chemical. It was anticipated that the water in the stream had high levels of both solid and liquid contaminants originating from domestic and industrial activities and wastewater discharges into the stream. The objectives of the study were to assess the nature of contaminants in the wastewater discharged into Nyabugogo stream and to identify the composition of contaminants by chemical and physio-chemical characteristics. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative experimental designs to arrive at the results. Water samples from four sites along Nyabugogo stream through Kigali city were collected in well illuminated containers and taken to Energy and Water Sanitation Authority (EWSA) laboratory for analyses. At the sites, many reactive were done directly on the stream waster using conductivimeter and thermometer to determine Electrical Conductivity, Temperature and pH respectively. The results of the study were analyzed using Stata version 8.0 and Pearson correlation coefficient was complicated to establish the relationship between metal concentration and physico chemical characteristics. The results showed that a lot of water contaminants such as Copper, Magnesium, Iron, Potassium, Calcium, Nickel, Chloride, Sulphate, and Zinc were contained in the wastewater and once they reach the stream, the characteristics of the stream water change. Thus the stream water constituted contaminants from both domestic and industrial/commercial origins
Assessment of Water Shortage in Agro-Pastoral Communities in Guriel District, Somalia
(2024) Ali Abdukadir Yusuf
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of water scarcity on agro-pastoral communities of Guriel district, Somalia. The study explores the effects of water shortages from historical, theoretical, conceptual, and contextual perspectives. Specifically, it aims to assess the effects of water shortages on crop production, domestic animal keeping, and revenue-generating activities within these communities. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected using questionnaires and interviews with 318 and 12 respondents, respectively. The findings reveal that water scarcity significantly impacts agricultural productivity, resulting in reduced crop yields. There was a negative and significant connection between domestic animal husbandry and water scarcity, indicating that as water shortages increase, domestic animal keeping declines. The study suggests that regions prone to water shortages should implement water conservation programmes to provide irrigation during times of scarcity. Introducing water-efficient crops and water shortage-resistant cultivars is recommended to enhance resilience against water scarcity and reduce crop failure during dry spells. To improve range management and reduce pastoralists' vulnerability to drought, significant investments in infrastructure, human resources, and range management techniques are essential.
Biogas production from organic solid wastes in Kampala City, Uganda
(Kampala International University,School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2013-12) Hussein, Garelnabi; Mohammed
Biogas refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Organic waste such as dead plant and animal materials, animal dung, and kitchen waste can be converted into biogas. The main objective of the study was to find out how biogas production process is well known by the local communities in Kampala, Uganda. The specific objectives were to find out the potential organic solid wastes used for biogas production, establish the benefits of using biogas as an alternative energy source, examine the factors affecting biogas generation from organic solid waste and also investigate the relationship between organic solid waste generation and biogas production. The methods used in the study are purposive and snowball sampling. The data collection instruments were the structured questionnaires and interview schedules. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists software. The Pearson’s chi-square was used to analyze the hypothesis “the relationship between the generation of organic solid wastes and biogas production.” The study found out that the most commonly used types or potential of organic solid waste for the production of biogas are animal wastes, followed by household wastes, crop residues and industrial waste at lowest level. The benefits of biogas production are: it saves time for women and children, it provides a low cost energy source, it is also a clean fuel, further reduces deforestation and forest encroachment, produces an effluent called bio-slurry which is an excellent organic fertilizer, and finally it reduces air and water pollution in that it does not emit large quantities of greenhouse gases. The most common factors affecting the production of biogas are: the high initial investment costs, a relatively high degree of maintenance efforts, the storage and disposal of the bio-slurry, high cost of collecting wastes, and finally the water supply which should be good and constant within reach for the digested. There is a very weak relationship between the factors affecting biogas production and organic solid wastes generated hence the hypothesis was accepted.
Community participation in enhancing climate change adaptation strategies in Koboko District Uganda
(Kampala International University. School of Natural and Applied Science, 2012-02) Ayume, Ramadhan Alahayyi
The research study was about community participation in enhancing climate change adaptation strategies in Koboko District Uganda. The main objective was to asses’ community participation in enhancing adaptation strategies to climate change in Koboko District.
Community Participation In Environmental Conservation Practice In Guri’el, Galmudug State, Somalia
(Kampala International University, 2023-08) Mohammed, Yusuf Ali
This study established the contribution of community participation in environmental conservation practice, examined the challenges faced by the communities in environmental conservation practice, and also proposed mechanisms that can be employed in environmental conservation practice in Guirel District. The study adopted a quantitative research method in which questionnaires were used to gather data from 171 respondents, with the use of descriptive statistical analysis to answer the research questions. The research hypothesis was tested at a 0.005 alpha level of significance. The study established that environmental conservation in the district is done through several mechanisms including the provision of seedlings to the community by the Government, periodic tree planting, provision of land for tree planting, the establishment of tree schemes by the Government, and provision of seedlings for reforestation by NGOs. Therefore, communities play a big role in the implementation of conservation programs in the district through the actual planting of trees and monitoring of the conservation programs. However, involved communities were challenged with a lack of financial support, limited information on conservation, lack of accessibility to the reforestation schemes, and a low level of awareness and this limited their support of the programs. The study therefore, recommends that a forest management plan that is involving community members in every stage and also making them play a key role in the management of the forest should be made so that they would argue what they want and how they want it done for a better understanding of the forest management. The study recommends that there is a need for government to popularize unknown species so that communities can benefit from their commercial exploitation.
Consumer’s perceptions on purchasing packaged drinking water in Makindye Division, Kampala, Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2021-05) Ahmed, Mohamud Yusuf
The study aimed at consumer’s perceptions towards purchasing packaged drinking water in Makindye division, Kampala, Uganda. The objectives of the study were to study the perception of consumers towards purchasing packaged drinking water in Makindye division, Kampala, to analyze the physical factors influencing the perception of consumers towards purchasing packaged drinking water and to study the socio-economic impacts on perception of consumers towards purchasing packaged drinking water. Data were collected using the researcher made questionnaire; descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze data. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between physical factors and purchasing packaged drinking (r = -0.367, p< 0.0005). The study found out that promotion is the publicizing of a product, organization, or venture so as to increase sales or public awareness. It’s also an activity that supports or encourages a cause or aim. Income status is the most socio-economic factor that impacts on perception of consumers towards purchasing packaged water. The findings further indicated that packaging size can have influence on the perception of consumers towards purchasing packaged water. The study concludes that the effective way of advertising and a cheap way of promoting brand of water is through promotions. This is an effective and simple way to build company identity and to introduce their product to their target market. Water bottling companies should also provide biodegradable bottles which are made from all-natural plant materials including corn oil, orange peels, starch, and plants as they are environmentally friendly and capable of undergoing decomposition. Bottled water manufacturers should consider designs and trademarks that portray their reputation.
EFFECT OF LAND POLLUTION ON COMMUNITY SUSTAINABILITY IN NAKAWA DIVISION, KAMPALA, UGANDA
(2023-10) Hamza, Abdisalam Hussein
The study to assess the effect of land pollution on community sustainability was conducted in Nakawa Division, Kampala, Uganda to establish the causes of land pollution among the communities, determine the effect of land pollution on community sustainability, and to design mechanisms that can be employed to reduce land pollution and ensuring community sustainability. The data was collected from 182 respondents and 7 key informants. The study results indicated that, industrialization, institutional factors, limited institutional capacity to plant vegetation, low effectiveness in monitoring by NEMA, ineffective implementation of policy, environmental and socio-cultural systems were major causes of land pollution. The effect was generally more negative hence the assertion that land pollution is a key towards community sustainability. It was established that land pollution reduce bio-diversity, increased dangerous gases and generally the community health in terms of plants, animal and people health in the communities. Also, about 80.2% of the respondents said that there were no mechanisms for reduction of land pollution and enhancing community sustainability. The study concludes that the occurrence of land pollution has generally reduced the community sustainability therefore, there is need for industrialization to be effectively managed to incorporate the environmental controls, effective policy implementations, monitoring of land polluters and provision of general environmental controls.
Effects of Community Hygiene and Water Handling Practices on Drinking Quality in Mpondwe Lhubitiha Town Council, Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2023-10) Mumbere, Winfred
Water safety and quality are fundamental to human development and well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of community hygiene and water handling practices on drinking water quality in Mpondwe Lhubiriha Town Council, Kasese District, Western Uganda. Sixteen samples from different water sources and storage vessels in households were analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological Quality during wet and dry season as described in UNBS Portable water quality analysis guidelines. Characterization of Community hygiene, household drinking water handling practices and risk of water contamination was determined by Qualitative methodology. The study findings revealed that community hygiene and water handling practices had a direct effect on water quality where 97.70% of respondents do not practice household water treatment methods. PH, E.C, TDS, temperature, and total hardness were within permissible limits of WHO standard while there was a variation in Dissolved oxygen and nitrates values. Microbial analysis results showed a variation in Total coli and Escherichia coli above UNBS standard this could be due to cross contamination, poor water handling practices where some respondents (41%) had no specific cleaning schedule for water vessels, most respondents (54.00%) were using same vessels for water collection and storage as well as factors from already determined household sanitary risk factor of 39.00-90.00% while Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus bacteria was within limits of WHO standard. This research also revealed that Total coliform and E. coli have a strong positive correlation with Nitrate presence in the water samples (r=0.412, p=0.008) and Nitrates (r=0.557, p=0.000) respectively. Water from some sources and households in this Town Council is not safe for drinking and domestic use. Therefore, should promote good community hygiene, water handling practices and appropriate household water treatment practices to prevent Drinking water Quality variations from the set WHO standard.
The effects of growing rice in wetlands: A case study of Lumbuye Wetland, Iganga District, Uganda.
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management Sciences, 2012-08) Mukebezi, Ronald
The research was carried out in order to assess the effects of growing rice in the wetland, using Lumbuye Wetland, Iganga District as a case study. The study objectively sought; to find out the factors influencing farmers to grow rice in the Wetland and to establish the solutions to the negative effects of growing rice in the Wetland. Some important aspects were reviewed about the effects of growing rice in the wetland. This chapter revealed the theoretical perspective and the conceptual perspective and related literature while identifying the knowledgeable gaps. Data was collected using methods such as interviewing, questionnaires, observation, reliability and validity, procedure for data collection and lastly data analysis and presentation interview results were coded in SPPS for better analysis. The study findings revealed that Wetlands provide the basic means of survival to the majority of the households in Lumbuye Wetland. There are a number of wetland resource conflicts that impede conservation efforts. The level of awareness about the importance of wetland conservation is slowly growing but is not yet adequate. The findings, conclusions and recommendations from the field study were also presented such as; there is evidence to indicate that Uganda's history in wetland management particularly Lumbuye Wetland, Iganga district has not been without key milestones. It was recommended here that Intensify awareness creation, By-law formulation, Need for assessment, Popularize and enforces Environmental Impact Assessment, Advice on wetland-based ecologically friendly enterprises, and Factor in rural poverty, Need for Information packaging.
Effects of Population Growth and Urban Development on Wetlands in Kampala City: A Case of Kansanga Wetland
(Kampala International University, Master Of Science in Environmental Management and Development, 2008-10) Kwesiga, Maximus
This study on the "Effects of population growth and urban development on the Kansanga wetland" aimed to determine the historical trends of population growth rate and urban development of Kampala, determine the integrity of Kansanga wetland for the past 10 to 15 years, establish the activities of the population and how they affect the wetland, and analysed the effects of population growth and urban development on the wetland. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used where 84 respondents were sampled in the study which included KCC officials, the wetland occupants, NEMA officials and the area district environmental officer. Out of the 84 only 46 respondents returned filled questionnaires and 20 were interviewed making a total of 66 respondents. The findings indicate that Kansanga wetland is highly encroached by the increasing population of Kampala City, urban development and urban human activities as the major threats to Kansanga wetland, greatly affecting the wetland's size, biodiversity, integrity and productivity. The study findings confirmed the disappearance of some of the species that formally existed in this wetland which included the sitatunga and the Typha sp (cat tails).The size of the wetland was also found to have been modified by 88% compared to 58% by NBS (2000) and the estimated current size under intact wetland vegetation is only 0.54 km2 out of 4.54 km2 of the original size. Among the major recommendations were that the government, NEMA, the lead or responsible ministry and other private conservation organisations should purchase plots from the wetland from the landlords who got leases before the Constitution (1995) and establish the entire wetland as wildlife refuge, sanctuary, or special conservation area. This will preserve the wetland in its natural state and protect it from destructive human development activities. Decentralization of services to overcome the rural urban migration and promotion of contraceptive use to check the population growth among others. This can be done through the enactment and implementation of policies and laws, which address the issues revealed through this study.