Master’s of Science Degree in Mass communication

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Citizen journalism and print media industry in Uganda
(Kampala International University: College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018-10) Muluta, Mpungu
This research takes a critical look at challenges of citizen journalism in Uganda. It also tried to establish the factors that have influenced the increasing growth and popularity of citizen journalism. Citizen journalism for the purpose of this research was limited to blogging. Blogging has become a channel through which people share ideas, news, advice and analyses on different happenings in the society. The practice has turned out to be journalistic, with a good number of bloggers running authoritative and influential blogs, where thousands of people flock for information. In Uganda, blogs are now a permanent fixture in the media environment as their popularity grows, with bloggers holding influence on political, economic and social discourses. Their growing influence has made bloggers share audiences with traditional media (newspapers). This study tried to identify challenges posed by blogging on print journalism and how journalists respond to new threats. The study also sought to identify the factors that have influenced citizen journalism (Blogging) in Uganda and how journalists perceive bloggers. The study was guided by the following research questions: (i) what challenges citizen journalism has posed to print media industry in Uganda? (ii) How newspapers respond to challenges posed by citizen journalism in Uganda? (iii) What factors that influence citizen journalism practice in Uganda? (iv) How print media industry perceives citizen journalism practice in Uganda? To achieve these objectives, descriptive survey and cross-sectional designs were carried out. The research sampled 80 journalists in five media houses in Uganda, namely Bukedde, New Vision, Daily Monitor, Red Pepper and Observer. To put this research in perspective, New Media and Public Sphere Theories were briefly examined. The findings reveal that there are some threats posed by blogs on print media, but most journalists read blogs because they find information on the sites useful and they are now getting ideas for their stories from the sites. The study concluded that bloggers are not journalists but their work is very important in complementing the work of journalism.
Communication Strategies and Students’ Awareness of Sexual Harassment in Secondary Schools in Uganda.
(Kampala International University, 2023-06-20) Faizo, Muzeyi
This study was about communication strategies and students’ awareness of sexual harassment in secondary schools in Uganda, but focusing on selected schools in Wakiso District. The purpose of the study or the main objective of the study was to assess the effect of communication strategies in creating awareness of sexual harassment in selected secondary schools in Wakiso District of Uganda. The specific objectives of the study were; to examine the effect of communication messages on awareness of sexual harassment amongst students in selected secondary schools in Wakiso, to assess the effect of audience mapping on the students’ awareness of sexual harassment in selected secondary schools in Wakiso, and to examine the effect of vehicles (media) used on creating students’ awareness about sexual harassment in selected secondary schools in Wakiso. Using Riemer and Haines’s (2008) theory of dynamic practice-based awareness creation in mediated communication to examine this problem, the study was qualitative in approach and was designed as a case study. It used convenient non probability sampling to arrive at 58 respondents comprising teachers, administrators and students. Purposive sampling was used to determine the schools examined. Data was collected through two methods; Focus Group Discussions and Interviews, and the tools of data collection were Discussion Prompts and Interview Guides respectively. The analysis of data was undertaken by thematic analysis whereby key ideas derived from the data were organized to answer the research questions formulated. The findings revealed that; messages about sexual harassment were designed and create some awareness about sexual harassment in the two schools. However, the consequences of sexual harassment were not included in the messages designed. Specific vehicles or media of communication were employed but only a few of those that would have been used were utilized. Only speeches e.g. in school parades, writings on school notice boards, posters and warnings by teachers and peer support groups were used. The schools did not hold debates or drama or publish magazines related to the problem. The finds further revealed that school administration had some idea about how effective the messages on sexual harassment were but did not have a specific monitoring and evaluation mechanism that would have completed their communication strategy and made it more effective. The study recommended that there is need to improve the design of the message to create awareness of the consequences of sexual harassment, include more vehicles or media for communicating the messages and a need for the schools to institute a monitoring and evaluation mechanism to ensure that the strategy is assessed to make modifications that can improve it. There is need for further research in the schools particularly experimental studies.
Examining the role of Makindye based Radio Stations in creating awareness on sanitation practices
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017-11) Zannah, Maidunoma
The study was conducted between the months of June-August, 2017 to examine the role of Makinde-based Radio stations in creating awareness on sanitation practices in Kampala, Uganda. The study was conducted in five settlements randomly selected within the Makindye Division including Kansanga, Bukasa, Ggaba, Kabalaga-Kataba and Nsambiya-Gogonya. Agenda setting theory was used to underpin this study. Radio campaigns are strong instrument in raising public awareness on environmental related issues however, the role played by most of the Makinde-based Radio stations seem to be very low. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the roles of these Radio stations. A total of 400 respondents comprising of 395 local community people and 5 officials each from 5 different Makinde-based Radio stations selected using Purposive sampling technique. Descriptive Survey design was used. Data collection instruments used were Questionnaires and structured Interview Guide. All quantitative data collected was analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics. Some of the findings revealed that Radio programmes enhanced people’s awareness on sanitation practices(mean value 2.6 14. std. 1.26), enabled people to understand how to best relate to the environment (mean value 3.76, std..952). Based on these findings and others not mentioned here, it is highly recommended that, since positive attitude toward sanitation practices depended on regular radio enlightenment campaigns, frequent campaigns by the media were highly recommended.
Exploring the role of television stations on agribusiness in Kampala central, Uganda
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017-11) Abubakar, Bappayo
The purpose of this study was to assess the role of television coverage in promoting agribusiness in Kampala central, Uganda. The following objectives guided the study: i) To find out the number of programs devoted to agribusiness by television stations in Kampala central, Uganda in the last two- years (2014-2016); ii) To assess the coverage of television on agribusiness in Kampala central, Uganda and iii) To verify the effectiveness of television programs in promoting agribusiness in Kampala central, Uganda. The study employed descriptive survey design. The target population was 1,507,154 participants. The sample size was computed to 400 respondents using Solven’s formula. The participants included the program managers of UBC TV, Bukedde TV, NTV, NBS TV, and Urban TV, and community members from Kampala central division. The main research instrument was questionnaires supported by interview guides~ The study found that the selected TV stations had between 1 to 3 agribusiness telecast programs every week. Furthermore, the study found that the surveyed TV stations had only 5 to 30 minutes of airtime assigned to agribusiness programs every week. Lastly the study found that effectiveness of television programs in promoting agribusiness was satisfactory (overall average mean=3.69, Std=1.088). The study concluded that televised agribusiness programmes are effective in disseminating information to the farmers given their audio and video capabilities. The following recommendations were made: the need for television programs to increase agribusiness programs in their airing, the need for the televisions to increase the coverage of airtime allocated for agribusiness programs, the need for the government to support the television stations in their agribusiness programs etc.
Fake News and Public Trust in Journalism. A Study of Online Platforms of Jowhar Newspaper in Mogadishu, Somalia.
(2024-09) Abshir Mohamed Muhumed.
This research takes a critical look at analysing impact of fake news on public trust in journalism in Mogadishu, Somalia. This research aimed to identify the factors contributing to the rising prevalence and acceptance of fake news and its implications for public trust. The scope of this investigation into fake news was confined to the realms of social media interactions, such as likes and comments, as well as blogging. Blogging has emerged as a significant medium for individuals to disseminate ideas, news, advice, and analyses regarding various societal events. This trend has evolved into a form of journalism, with numerous bloggers establishing authoritative and impactful platforms that attract large audiences seeking information. In Mogadishu, Somalia, blogs have become an integral part of the media landscape, gaining traction and enabling bloggers to influence political, economic, and social discussions. The increasing sway of bloggers has resulted in a shared audience with traditional media outlets, including newspapers, radio, and television. This study sought to assess the effects of fake news on public trust in journalism within Mogadishu, Somalia, and to explore how journalists are adapting to these emerging challenges. The study also sought to identify the factors that have influenced fake news on public trust (Blogging) in Mogadishu, Somalia and how journalists perceive fake news. The study was guided by the following research questions: (i) What are the impact of fake news on public trust in journalism in Mogadishu, Somalia? (ii) What are the factors that contribute to the spread and acceptance of fake news by the public in Mogadishu, Somalia? (iii) What is the correlation between exposure to fake news and attitudes towards traditional news sources in Mogadishu, Somalia? (iv) What is the role of social media platforms in shaping public perception of news credibility in Mogadishu, Somalia? To achieve these objectives, descriptive survey and cross sectional designs were carried out. The research sampled 385 Jowhar newspaper and journalists in many departments to put this research in perspective, agenda setting theory proposed by McCombs and gatekeeping theory were briefly examined. The findings reveal that there are some threats posed by blogs on public trust in journalism, but most people read blogs because they find information on the sites useful and they are now getting ideas for their course works and academics from the sites. The study concluded that The high F value and significant p value demonstrate the robustness of this relationship, while the positive beta coefficient underscores the extent of twitter.
Fake News and Public Trust in Journalism. A Study of Online Platforms of Jowhar Newspaper in Mogadishu, Somalia.
(2024) Abshir Mohamed Muhumed
This research takes a critical look at analyzing impact of fake news on public trust in journalism in Mogadishu, Somalia. This research aimed to identify the factors contributing to the rising prevalence and acceptance of fake news and its implications for public trust. The scope of this investigation into fake news was confined to the realms of social media interactions, such as likes and comments, as well as blogging. Blogging has emerged as a significant medium for individuals to disseminate ideas, news, advice, and analyses regarding various societal events. This trend has evolved into a form of journalism, with numerous bloggers establishing authoritative and impactful platforms that attract large audiences seeking information. In Mogadishu, Somalia, blogs have become an integral part of the media landscape, gaining traction and enabling bloggers to influence political, economic, and social discussions. The increasing sway of bloggers has resulted in a shared audience with traditional media outlets, including newspapers, radio, and television. This study sought to assess the effects of fake news on public trust in journalism within Mogadishu, Somalia, and to explore how journalists are adapting to these emerging challenges. The study also sought to identify the factors that have influenced fake news on public trust (Blogging) in Mogadishu, Somalia and how journalists perceive fake news. The study was guided by the following research questions: (I) what are the impact of fake news on public trust in journalism in Mogadishu, Somalia? (ii) What are the factors that contribute to the spread and acceptance of fake news by the public in Mogadishu, Somalia? (iii) What is the correlation between exposure to fake news and attitudes towards traditional news sources in Mogadishu, Somalia? (iv) What is the role of social media platforms in shaping public perception of news credibility in Mogadishu, Somalia? To achieve these objectives, descriptive survey and cross-sectional designs were carried out. The research sampled 385 Jowhar newspaper and journalists in many departments to put this research in perspective, agenda-setting theory proposed by McCombs and gatekeeping theory were briefly examined. The findings reveal that there are some threats posed by blogs on public trust in journalism, but most people read blogs because they find information on the sites useful and they are now getting ideas for their course works and academics from the sites. The study concluded that the high F-value and significant p-value demonstrate the robustness of this relationship, while the positive beta coefficient underscores the extent of twitter.
Impact of Newspaper Advertising on Women’s Image Representation in Kampala-Uganda. Case Study of New Vision Publications
(Kampala International University, Colleges of humanities and social sciences, 2015-03) Mary, Machocho Majala
The researched aimed at investigating on the impact of newspaper advertising on women’s image representation in Kampala-Uganda. Case study of new vision publications. The study was guided by three objectives which were intended to; examine the impact of advertising on women’s image representation in Uganda, identify the risks associated with advertising and women image representation and establish strategies to improve advertising and women image representation. The literature was reviewed in line this objectives and chapter three contained methods of collecting data from the respondents and the total population was 80 and sample size was 60. The respondents designed questionnaires which were self-administered to the respondents to fill appropriately. Chapter four was begun with demographic characteristics of the respondents and basing on sex, female respondents were the majority. The male respondents were also chosen almost equal to the number of women because they composed the management team at new vision publications and the fact that the researcher never wanted to produce a biased research in terms of gender. On the first objective, majority of the respondents said that women influence purchasing behavior of customers by 32%, 28% said that women advertising increase the ability in complaint handling, followed by 25% who said that women raise customers attention towards the product being advertised and finally followed by 15% who said that women’s eloquence speech increase customer base. This indicated that women’s advertising was very significant as it attracts attention of customers and the public. Women advertisements were based on the nature of the products. Majority were found of advertising cosmetics because they use it occasionally and they advertise to demonstrate how beautiful they have become as a result of the use of such cosmetics. Chapter five of this research contained the summary, conclusion and recommendations. The researcher also suggested areas for further research which was a result of time and resource constraints which could not allow the research to exhaust the study.
The Influence of Print Media in Promoting Reading Culture Among Children in Masindi Municipality: A Case Study of Daily Monitor Publications.
(Kampala International University, Colleges of humanities and social sciences, 2015-03) Annette, Najjemba
The study was intended to examine the role of print media in promoting reading culture among children in Masindi Municipality. The research was guided by the objectives of the study which were intended to; examine contributions of print media towards promoting children’s reading culture, identify the challenges encountered by print media in promoting reading culture among children and establish the strategies to overcome the challenges encountered by print media in promoting reading culture among children. The literature was reviewed in line with the objectives md the information was obtained from books, internet, journals and other an academic) publications. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. This helped the researcher in determining comprehensive explanation on role of print media in promoting reading culture among children. Quantitative approaches enabled the presentation of information in numerical terms whereas qualitative data gave expression of respondents’ fillings in the aspects of study. The researcher used 60 respondents whose data was presented, interpreted and analyzed. The researcher tabulated and graphed the findings in order to provide meaning to the information obtained. The researcher concluded that print media play a very; significant role in promoting reading culture among children evidenced by the majority respondents who strongly agreed and agreed. Print media promote reading culture among children which help them to construct meaning from text. Children acquire meaning through interacting with words, sentences, texts of all kinds and through accessing background mow ledge to make predictions about the meanings of new text which is usually available in print media. Access to a variety of books and other reading materials such as magazines and newspapers facilitates that process and improve children’s performance. Newspapers keep students informed about what is happening in the world, thereby extending their knowledge and deepening their understanding. For this reason, they are of general educational value and importance to students and must be considered in both government and private primary schools. [‘his should be done by ensuring that the challenges encountered are dealt with accordingly and the recommendations provided there in taken into implementation. The recommendations were made to government, management of daily monitor after which the areas for further research were also highlighted by the researcher.
Influence of Social Media on Children Morality in Uganda, A Case of Kampala Central Division
(Kampala International University, Colleges of humanities and social sciences, 2015-04) Kayondo, Livingstone
The purposes of the study were to evaluate the effect of social media on children between seven to seventeen years in Kampala central division. The study was based on three research objectives which included establishing the contributions of social media to the social development of children between 7-17 years, examining the morale challenges that can be brought by social media in children development in Kampala city division and propose measures that can be adopted in improving the social media prevalence amidst children of 7-17 years in Kampala central division. The researcher employed a descriptive research design involving the use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study chose a population of 57 people chosen from Kampala central division. [‘he contributions of social media to the social economic wellbeing of children in Kampala central division. The responses were about 80% agreed that social media improves improved children understanding, improved political mobilization had 78% of the responses followed by improved provision on health education, providing a friendly environment and improved Problem solving among conflicting parties with 60% each, improved self-esteem had 58% and 46% were for improving communication at lower costs Challenges associated with the challenges that can be brought by social media in children development in Kampala city division of the respondents who strongly agreed and agreed, from the findings, it is evident that limited concentration on education had the highest level of responses with 88%, limited reasoning capacities with 78%, others were immorality and indiscipline, high degree of cultural deterioration, high degree of hacking and illegal activity hinder operations, complexities in comprehension and the measures that can be adopted in improving the social media prevalence amidst children of 7-17 years in Kampala central division included training business bodies on the use of social media, Integrating social media with other media, enhancing provision of social media role, sensitization of masses on the availability of marketing opportunities, there is need for improved consideration of ICT developments, organizations need to adopt face book for business purposes and there is need to improve access to ICT tools. The researcher recommends for the adoption of the following recommendations. The extraction of social networks crucially depends on the successful recognition of person names. The use of social media has made it possible for professionals around the globe to get advice from their colleagues and share experiences with a mouse click, the adoption of monitoring mechanisms for the social media systems. The emerging network environment does preclude the loss of control but does require executives to rethink the means by which risk is managed. Information exchange costs, necessary for coordination, have dropped to near zero with the Internet. The researcher recommends that there is need to adopt the measures of improving the adoption of social media as raised in the sub-chapter 4.4 of chapter four
Media Regulations, Public Morality and Ethical Practices in Selected Television Stations in Kampala, Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2023-11-17) Doreen, Kiconco
This study was conducted to establish the effects of media regulation manifested through media ownership and adherence to journalistic ethics as stipulated by the Uganda Communication Act and the Press and Journalist Act, with the following specific objectives, to establish the effects of media regulation on adherence to minimum broadcasting standards on producing content that goes against public morality, to analysis whether media regulation affects adherence to minimum broadcasting standards on producing content that is free from distortion of facts, and to assess the effects of media regulation on adherence to minimum broadcasting standards on producing content that promotes a culture of violence or ethnical prejudice. The study was premised on the media ownership theory and the social responsibility theory. The study adopted an explanatory research design, where both interview guides and video recordings were used as the major data collection methods. In relation to the effect of media regulation on immorality in programmes aired on the three stations, the study found through content analysis that all three stations aired programme contents that featured immorality. The findings showed that despite the existence of media regulations enforced by UCC. It was noted that the videos of programmes on the three stations casually discussed sex and sexual acts in a manner that was extremely explicit. However, it was concluded that media regulation does not enhance the adherence to the regulatory standards on immorality. This was concluded from the findings of the study that showed through content analysis, that all the videos of the programmes from the three stations that were analyzed showed a high level of immorality despite the existence of media regulations enforced by UCC. The Key Informants also revealed through the interviews that there was a high degree of immorality in television programmes in Uganda despite the existence of the regulations that UCC enforces with all broadcasters. The study recommends that there is need to enhance the regulatory framework by revising and clarifying rules related to content standards, emphasizing the prohibition of content that goes against public morality. Regulations should be specific and easy to interpret. Moreover, there is need to encourage public participation in the formulation and review of media regulations. Public opinion should be considered when setting broadcasting standards to reflect the moral values and expectations of the community. The study recommends more sensitization to be undertaken by the media regulators and increased enforcement of media ethics by the regulator
Media service act, 2016 and the freedom of Media in Tanzania
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-03) Yahaya, Omari Mhando
Media freedom is a crucial component of democracy, protecting fundamental human rights such as freedom of opinion and expression. While vibrant democracies in the world have articles that prohibit enacting laws against media freedom, many nations, particularly developing countries like Tanzania, have laws in place that restrict media operations, limiting freedom of expression and that of the press. This study investigates the impact of the Media Service Act, 2016, on media freedom in Tanzania, using qualitative research methods to gather insights from journalists, human rights activists, and politicians. The study employed thematic analysis to analyze the collected data. The study reveals a complex relationship between the Media Service Act and media freedom violations in Tanzania. Findings show that the Act has had a partial impact on editorial content so far, with varied opinions among respondents. Some believe the law had no effect, while others observed changes specifically in the investigative reporting and analysis of critical issues in media, and a third group saw positive effects on professionalism and ethics. Furthermore, the study found that self-censorship exists among Tanzanian journalists, partially influenced by the Act and other regulations, but denied by a few respondents who associate it with unprofessionalism. Moreover, government crackdowns on media and journalists have been observed to be partially caused by the Media Service Act, 2016. The study concludes that the Media Service Act is partly responsible for media freedom violations in Tanzania; while other laws and regulations have been found to be other factors together with actions of government and its agencies. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Media Service Act, along with other restrictive laws, should be amended to protect media freedom as guaranteed in the Tanzanian Constitution.
Public relations and effective communication by selected research institutions in Uganda
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social sciences., 2019-05) Karl Raymond, Ssentongo
This study aimed to find out how research institutions in Uganda make use of Public Relations tools to communicate with their publics and whether those tools have made communication more effective. Using a mixed method approach, qualitative data was collected first through interview guides with a select group of researchers (scientists) and public relations practitioners at Makerere University School of Public Health, Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute and Uganda Virus Research Institute. The purpose of collecting qualitative data first was to get expert views, perspective and ideas on Public Relations and nature of public relations being practiced therein. The information obtained here aided the designing of the questionnaire. Using Slovene’s formula, a sample size of 400 respondents from the districts of Kampala and Wakiso was obtained for the study. Data was computed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 2015 version to get frequencies and descriptive data. The results indicated that majority of the respondents believed genuine engagement with researchers was crucial to ease understanding of scientific findings. Most of the respondents relied on mass media as a primary source of information with the internet following closely especially among the youth. Most respondents preferred interacting with the researchers through community meetings to mass media talk shows. Majority of the participants indicated to have participated in a research project in the last one year. Most respondents believed literature provided by the research is not easy to understand. It was therefore concluded that the three research institutions hardly dialogue with their target audiences, thus hindering Public relations effectiveness because the message is not received as intended. It is the recommendation of the researcher that the three research institutions should consider adopting the usage of the internet especially social media in combination with radio when communicating with the general public.
The Right to Know: An Analytical Study of The Access to Information Act in Uganda And Its Implications for Journalism Practice
(Kampala International University, Colleges of humanities and social sciences, 2014-06) Katende, Peter
This study entitled: The Right to Know: An Analytical study of the Access to Information Act in Uganda and its implications to Journalism practice is a critical analysis of the Access to Information Act 2005, a piece of legislation that empowers all Ugandans to access information in possession of the State. The right of access to information gives practical meaning to the principles of participatory democracy. In this study, the researcher focuses on identifying the strengths, weaknesses and challenges of the Access to Information Act 2005 especially during its implementation stage. The Access to Information Act is critically assessed to establish its compliance with the internationally agreed standards and related legislations especially in the Commonwealth. In addition, the Access to Information Act is evaluated in terms of its implications to Journalism practice in Uganda. According to Quinton (1997), the theoretical perspectives which guide this discussion on the Access to Information Act are the Democratic and Market Imperatives. The Democratic Imperative emphasizes the importance of implementing policies aimed at promoting administrative transparency and encouraging active participation of the people in a democratic process while the Market Imperative explores the need for implementing legislation to fully exploit the economic values of the massive amount of information accumulated by the public sector in the everyday running of its affairs. The findings from the study revealed that this law is one of the least known in Uganda regardless of the social standing of individuals in society. It was found out that the law has not been implemented despite becoming effective in 2005. To date, there is no clear roadmap for its implementation, no manuals have been produced by the respective public bodies and no resources have been earmarked for its full-scale implementation. Although the Access to Information Act follows the classical format of the freedom of information laws in other countries, this right has been watered down by its limited scope of application such as the exemption meant to bar non-citizens from accessing national ix information. In addition, the findings from the study show that the Access to Information Act lacks an internal appeal mechanism in case of complaints by requestors and it also fails to specify the level of fees payable after the request for access to information has been granted. The responsibility of determining fees payable is left to the Minister responsible for implementing the Access to Information Act who is mandated to make regions. According to the study findings. Journalists blamed government for limited consultations with them in the process of enacting this law and also highlighted the lack of political will by government to implement the Access to Information Act. Some Journalists have no hope in the Act because the time frame of 21 days within which information can he provided is too long and can only be utilized when writing feature stories. The study recommends massive sensitization of Ugandans about the Access to Information Act and calls upon Government to demonstrate its commitment towards the implementation of the law by committing the necessary resources and mandating an independent body to promote the Access to information Act. The study also recommends that Government must invest in modern records management systems if the law is to be successfully implemented. Finally, an explicit provision is required in the law to make it clear that this law overrides all other inconsistent legislation such as the Oath of Secrecy which still exists in Uganda’s law books.
The role of radio broad casting on the economic empowerment of the youth in Makerere Kivvulu: a case study of Central Broadcasting Service (CBS FM)
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social sciences., 2019-08) Namaganda, Dorothy
This research was carried out to analyze the role of radio towards the economic empowerment of the youths with the case study being Makerere Kivvulu, Kampala District. It was guided by three specific objectives. To find out what economic empowerment impact CBS FM has to the youths in Makerere Kivvulu, to examine the context of CBS FM message towards the promotion of youth economic empowerment in Makerere Kivvulu, to establish the relationship between CBS programmes and youth economic empowerment programmes. The method used was qualitative and quantitative, the instruments for collecting data were questionnaires and interviews guides. The study intended to find out whether most youth in Makerere Kivvulu fail to use the developmental information from CBS FM to guide and help them to grow economic wise and more practical activities are required to make the economic empowerment campaign more efficient.
University-Uganda
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2022-11) Kakooza, Bukuri
research takes a critical look at the effect of user generated contents on news credibility among university students in Uganda. It also tried to establish the factors that have influenced the increasing growth and popularity of user generated contents. User generated contents for the purpose of this research was limited to likes, comments and blogging. Blogging has become a channel through which people share ideas, news, advice and analyses on different happenings in the society. The practice has turned out to be journalistic, with a good number of bloggers running authoritative and influential blogs, where thousands of people flock for information. In Uganda, blogs are now a permanent fixture in the media environment as their popularity grows, with bloggers holding influence on political, economic and social discourses. Their growing influence has made bloggers share audiences with traditional media (newspapers, Radio and Television). This study tried to identify challenges posed by user generated contents on news credibility and how students respond to new threats. The study also sought to identify the factors that have influenced user generated contents (Blogging) in Uganda and how journalists perceive bloggers. The study was guided by the following research questions: (i) what challenges is user generated content posed towards news credibility in Uganda? (ii) How students respond to challenges posed by user generated contents in Uganda? (iii) What are factors that influence the perception of news credibility of likes and comments on an item in Uganda? (iv) What is the relationship between embedded UGCs in news items and user’s perception in Uganda? To achieve these objectives, descriptive survey and cross-sectional designs were carried out. The research sampled 385 Kampala International University (KIU) students in many departments and colleges namely mass media, social sciences, law and others to put this research in perspective, New Media and Public Sphere Theories were briefly examined. The findings reveal that there are some threats posed by blogs on news credibility, but most students read blogs because they find information on the sites useful and they are now getting ideas for their course works and academics from the sites. The study concluded that bloggers are not journalists but their work is very important in complementing the work of journalism.
Zanzibar Leo Newspaper and advocacy of the right of people with disability in Urban West, Zanzibar
(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019-05) Mwanajuma, A. Hassan
The study indicated that a stereotype “the disabled person as a hero” arises from the stories presented on television programs about those who heroically struggle with own disabilities. Stereotype “the disabled person as a threat” occurs due to the fact that the villains in various movies and television shows were portrayed with some obvious physical limitation, such as limp, a hook for a hand, a black patch over the eye. It was also revealed that people with disabilities were presented in movies and television as people who are unable to adjust and who need to be cared for. Some television shows presented ?eoP~ with disabilities as bitter and full of self-pity because they have not yet learned to handte(their trauma or problem.

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