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- ItemExploring How Acetylcholinesterase Influences Neural Signaling Beyond Neurotransmitter Hydrolysis and Its Paradoxical Role in Neurodegeneration(Research Invention Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2025) Nabirye Akello KemigishaAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) is traditionally known for its catalytic role in hydrolyzing acetylcholine at synaptic junctions, thereby terminating cholinergic signaling. However, emerging evidence suggests that AChE also participates in non-classical roles extending far beyond neurotransmitter clearance. These roles encompass cell adhesion, apoptosis modulation, neurite outgrowth, and participation in neuroinflammatory processes. Intriguingly, AChE displays paradoxical behavior in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, where its overexpression and aberrant splicing variants contribute to neuronal damage despite the concurrent loss of cholinergic tone. This review explores the dualistic and complex role of AChE in the central nervous system (CNS), shedding light on its signaling roles beyond catalysis, the molecular basis of its neurotoxic versus neuroprotective profiles, and its therapeutic implications in managing neurodegeneration.
- ItemEthnomedical Beliefs and Biomedical Interventions: Bridging the Gap in Cancer Care in Eastern Nigeria(Research Invention Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2025) Tugonza Akiro F.Cancer care in Eastern Nigeria is marked by a complex interaction between ethnomedical beliefs and biomedical interventions. While biomedical approaches, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, provide advanced treatment options, traditional healing practices remain deeply embedded in the region’s cultural fabric. Many patients rely on traditional healers for both physical and spiritual care, often due to economic, cultural, and social factors. This review explores the role of ethnomedical beliefs in shaping cancer diagnosis, treatment choices, and patient adherence to biomedical therapies. It also examines the challenges of integrating traditional and biomedical systems in cancer care, with an emphasis on culturally sensitive interventions, community engagement, and collaborative models. By highlighting successful integration efforts, such as community-based training for traditional healers and faith-based outreach initiatives, the review proposes pathways for enhancing cancer care outcomes. The study underscores the need for a more inclusive, patient-centered approach that respects cultural beliefs while improving access to effective biomedical treatments.
- ItemEffectiveness of Community Health Worker-Led Interventions versus Routine Care on Malaria Prevention in Children under Five: A Narrative Review(Research Invention Journal f Research in Medical Sciences, 2025) Tugonza Akiro F.Malaria continues to pose a significant threat to the health and survival of children under five, particularly in sub Saharan Africa, where healthcare access is limited. Community Health Worker (CHW)-led interventions have emerged as an effective strategy to bridge gaps in malaria prevention, offering culturally aligned, community-based care that complements routine facility-based services. This narrative review evaluated the comparative effectiveness of CHW-led interventions versus routine care in preventing malaria among children under five. The article synthesized evidence from peer-reviewed studies and program evaluations to highlight how CHWs improve access to insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), facilitate early detection of febrile illnesses, enhance caregiver education, and foster prompt treatment-seeking behavior. A narrative synthesis methodology was employed, drawing from a wide range of empirical studies and policy documents to evaluate implementation outcomes and contextual relevance. Findings indicated that CHW-led interventions result in higher ITN usage, earlier treatment initiation, and improved caregiver satisfaction compared to routine facility care. Despite these benefits, challenges persist, including variable training quality, limited supervision, logistical constraints, and sustainability issues. The review underscored the need for better integration of CHWs into national health systems, investment in supportive infrastructure, and community engagement to maximize their impact. CHW-led models offer a promising, scalable solution for reducing malaria burden in vulnerable pediatric populations.
- ItemCommunity-Based Approaches to Diabetes Screening: A Sustainable Model for Rural Nigeria(Research Invention Journal f Research in Medical Sciences, 2025) Mubanza Zunguka J.Diabetes mellitus, a rapidly increasing chronic non-communicable disease, poses a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria. In rural areas of Nigeria, where access to healthcare services is limited, many individuals with diabetes remain undiagnosed, leading to preventable complications and premature death. Community-based diabetes screening offers a sustainable solution by decentralizing healthcare services and engaging local resources such as community health workers and volunteers. This model overcomes geographical, financial, and sociocultural barriers to early diagnosis and management. This review evaluates the effectiveness and feasibility of community-based diabetes screening in rural Nigeria, examining its impact on awareness, early detection, and health outcomes. The review also explores challenges such as funding constraints, cultural stigma, and the need for local capacity-building and offers recommendations for improving the sustainability and scalability of these initiatives. By integrating community-based approaches into the primary healthcare system, Nigeria can improve access to early diabetes diagnosis and reduce the burden of this growing public health concern.
- ItemChallenges and Opportunities: Assessing the Impact of NGOs on Anemia Care Infrastructure in Uganda and Nigeria(Research Invention Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2025) Omukisa Kireba K.Anemia remains a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Uganda and Nigeria, where prevalence rates are alarmingly high among women and children. Despite efforts by governments to combat anemia through national policies and health programs, challenges such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to quality care, and logistical constraints persist. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly stepped in to address these gaps, offering community-based interventions such as nutritional supplementation, health education, and capacity-building initiatives. However, the impact of these interventions remains underexplored. This review examines the role of NGOs in addressing anemia in Uganda and Nigeria, evaluating their contributions, challenges, and opportunities for enhancing their impact. The study highlights the importance of collaboration between NGOs and national health systems, the need for sustainable funding models, and the integration of innovative technologies like mobile health platforms. Case studies from Uganda and Nigeria illustrate the potential of integrated approaches and cross-sectoral partnerships in improving anemia care infrastructure. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, NGOs, and public health professionals aiming to strengthen anemia control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa.