Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (BMS)
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- ItemCodeine Substitute Challenges Drug and Substance Abuse Controls in Nigeria: Histopathology Evaluations of Norvegicus rattus on Lacatomtom(Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2022) Nnaemeka Okorie; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Olayinka Catherine Adeniran; Azi Simon Onyema; Ude, Ugomma AgwuCodeine substitute challenges to drug and substance abuse controls in Nigeria: Histopathology evaluations of Norvegicus rattus on lacatomtom is novel research that aimed to evaluate the Codeine substitute challenges to drugs and substance abuse; histopathology perspective and oxidative biomarkers evaluation of the tissues cum chemical pathology analysis of the serum of the control and intervened subjects. The experimental subjects were grouped into control, acute and chronic (T1, T2, and T3) respectively; the acute groups of the oral administration of lacatomtom mixture were given 0.01mg/g of lacatomtom for 14 days while the chronic were given for 42 days and periodically weighed and recorded; The Animals were sacrificed and the organs harvested following ethical procedures for animal killing. The blood and tissues of the harvested organs (blood, lungs, liver, and kidney) under investigation were subjected to chemical pathology analysis to assess the liver and kidney functions, then proceeded to histopathological examination using formalin fixed paraffin processed methods with both routine and special stains, liver, lungs and kidney homogenate were subjected to oxidative stress biomarkers test (MDA, SOD, Gpx, GSH and Catalase). Histopathology results first revealed a severe cellular injury in all the organs under study compare to the normal control; significance (p<0.5) elevation found among some enzymes AST, ALP ALT are also an indication of damaged liver, increase MDA and reduced SOD, Gpx, GSH and catalase correlate the histology results and biochemistry.
- ItemAn Insight of Interleukin -6 and Fibrinogen: In Regulating the Immune System(Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Emmanuel Muhimbura; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Sarah Nakyeyune; Getrude Uzoma ObeaguThe role of the liver as a critical part of the immune system involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. As a major source of acute phase proteins, including components of the complement system. Hepatocytes are an important part of innate immunity and play an important role in controlling inflammatory responses throughout the body. Acute-phase protein production in hepatocytes is controlled by various cytokines released during the inflammatory process, with IL-6 and IL-1 type cytokines acting as key regulators, cascading and synergistic regulation or it functions as a cascade network with inhibition. Effects on acute-phase protein expression. The pro inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 is an endogenous biochemical active during B cell maturation and inflammatory processes. Interleukin-6 plays an important role in regulating acute-phase protein synthesis in human hepatocytes.
- ItemPrevalence and factors associated with preterm birth at Kiryandongo general hospital(Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-04) Kijja, JoyceBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the prevalence of preterm birth to be between 5% and 18% across 184 countries. Of the estimated 3 million neonatal deaths occurring globally each year, about 1 million are directly related to prematurity. Uganda has one of the highest preterm birth rates in the world estimated at 13.6 per 1000 live births and little was known about prevalence of preterm birth in Kiryandongo hospital. In order to realize a reduction in pre-term births, interventions that target the risk factors are paramount. Hence, this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors of preterm birth in Kiryandongo general hospital. All mothers who had live births at Kiryandongo Hospital and their newborns were included in the study. Mothers were interviewed using a standard pretested questionnaire to identify factors associated with preterm birth. Data was analyzed using excel analysis package version 2016 and a pvalue < 0.05 was considered significant .A total of 154 mother-baby pairs were enrolled into the study. The mean maternal age was 26±5 years while most mothers (83%) were married and had attained primary level of education or below (85%). The prevalence of preterm birth in this study was found to be 18.3% (95% CI of 14.1- 22.5). Parity ≥ 4, previous preterm birth, multiple gestation, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), antepartum hemorrhage (APH), prolonged preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy were all significantly associated with preterm birth (p=<0.05). On logistic regression, only PIH, APH and prolonged PPROM remained significant. Marital status, maternal level of education, smoking, alcohol use in pregnancy, maternal occupation, ANC attendance, HIV status, anaemia and interpregnancy interval were not associated with preterm birth. APH and parity ≥ 4 were more associated with early than late preterm (OR=4.7 versus 1.7 and OR=6.2 versus 3.9 respectively) while those who had multiple gestation had an almost 7 fold risk of delivering late preterms (OR=6.7). Conclusion: The prevalence of preterm birth in Kiryandongo hospital was 18.3%. Parity ≥ 4, previous preterm birth, twin pregnancy, PIH, APH, preterm PROM and UTI were associated with preterm birth. PIH, APH and prolonged PPROM were independent determinants of preterm birth. APH and parity were predictors of early preterm birth while multiple gestation and UTI were strongly associated with late preterm delivery. At-risk mothers should receive intensified antenatal care to lessen preterm birth.
- ItemPrevalence, awareness and challenges associated with condom use among enrolled nursing students at Kampala International University(Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2018-10) Luswata, HerbertBackground Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are highly prevalent in developing countries. They greatly increase the risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission therefore, constituting a major public health problem. Over one billion people are affected by HIV/AIDS worldwide with a higher prevalence among the adolescents and the young adults. Most countries around the world have put in efforts to combat AIDS. One of the most common tools employed is the use of condoms. Correct condom-use in sexual relations has proven effective against STDs. Despite decades of condom-use awareness, gaps still remain in the way the public receives and makes use of the information. Condom use among the young adults in Uganda is declining and the government is unable to meet the demand that exists. These instabilities about condom use have tempted the researcher to investigate the prevalence, awareness and challenges of condom use among enrolled nursing students at KIU-WC. This study therefore, sought to determine prevalence, awareness and challenges associated with the practice of condom use among enrolled nursing students of Kampala International University. A prospective university-based cross-sectional descriptive study of enrolled Nursing students aged between 18-25 years at KIU-WC from November to December 2017. Information about demographic data, the practice of condom use, access to condoms and challenges associated with condom use was collected and analyzed using Epi-data analysis software.Results from the study revealed that 62.7% of students were aged between 18-21 years. There was a high level of awareness about condom use among enrolled nursing students (88.2%) and that they understood the importance of using condoms (89.1%). Despite the knowledge of condom use, majority of the students were reluctant to use the condoms. The proportion of students that embraced using condoms upon their first sexual encounter was below average (42.6%). The commonest challenges of condom-use were; negative HIV status of partners with limited fear for other STIs, association of condom-use with commercial sex and the high cost of condoms among others. Students at KIU-WC have adequate knowledge about condom-use. However, they are reluctant to use them appropriately. There are several challenges associated with condom-use. There is need for implementation of specified; focused; continuous health education on condom use practices and to increase the availability of free condoms to students.
- ItemAssessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice of induced abortion among secondary and univeristy students in Fortportal municipality, Kabarole District(Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences Western Campus, 2017-11) Namutebi, SharifahAbortion is a contentious issue with religious, moral, cultural and political dimensions. The doctrines of religious denominations in Uganda frown at abortion making it hard for adolescents and young adults who have had it in the past to want to talk about it. Those who want to do it go to places where no one will recognize them, and want it done as quickly as possible to avoid stigmatization and mockery. The complications of induced abortions have been documented in many studies around the world but knowledge and attitudes about induced abortions among young people have been addressed in very few previous studies. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of induced abortion among secondary and university students in Fortportal municipality, Kabarole district. A cross section descriptive study design was adopted. A multistage sampling method was used to select 150 respondents from purposively selected five institutions (three secondary schools and two universities) with each contributing randomly selected 30 respondents. Data was collected with a self administered questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS version 20. The questionnaire was divided into four sections: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about induced abortion, attitudes towards induced abortion and the practice of induced abortions. Responses to knowledge and attitude statements were scored and graded as good, moderate and poor for knowledge, then positive and negative for attitude. The response rate was 95.3%, the majority (87%) of the respondents had moderate (33%) to good (54%) knowledge. 81.8% of respondents had negative attitude and 18.2% had a positive attitude towards induced abortion. 6% of the respondents had done an induced abortion while 46% knew a friend/relative that had an induced abortion. Despite the good knowledge and negative attitude, induced abortion is still practiced and because of its illegal status in this country, it is done in hiding and often in dangerous places where complications are more likely to happen.