Masters of Conflict Resolution and Peace Building - Main Campus

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    East Africa Community and Conflict Resolution in North Kivu Province, Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo
    (Kampala International University, 2023-11-20) Armande, Mushagalusa M’kausi
    The study sought to examine the East Africa Community and conflict resolution in North Kivu Province, Eastern DRC. The study objectives were to; examine the effects of Free Trade Area on conflict resolution in North Kivu Province, Eastern DRC, determine the effects of Economic Union on conflict resolution in North Kivu Province, Eastern DRC and establish the effects of Common Market on conflict resolution in North Kivu Province, Eastern DRC. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative design. The study also used only qualitative approaches for making valid conclusions. Quantitative approach was experimental and general survey design examined the study topic and involved the use of questionnaires whereas qualitative approach, which was classified in two broad categories, these were; interview guides, that helped to examine the effects of East Africa Community and conflict resolution. However, the study was carried out from North Kivu Province with approximately a total population of 3,561,288 households as indicated in by National Institute of Statistics (2015). However, in this study, the researcher randomly targeted a population of 380 respondents and this involved; North Kivu Province Governor, local chiefs and traditional leaders, Authorities of EAC, Community Leaders in post-conflict region of Eastern DRC, Officials from MONUSCO and Residents in North Kivu Province, Eastern DRC. A sample size of 195 respondents was determined using Solvene’s formula. The study found out that the males were 89(57.8%) and female 65(42.2%), this implies that the number of men was higher than that of women since it was believed men were the ones mostly involved in East African Community and conflict resolution in North Kivu Province. The study concluded that dispute resolution mechanisms are key to not only an effective operation of a free trade area but to an effective investment framework. Furthermore, free trade agreements have the potential to lift environmental, labor, human rights and living standards. If designed and implemented that way, trade can indeed reduce root causes of destructive conflict. The study recommends that in a conflict situation, assumptions that human rationality is a constant should be contextualized to include the possibility that one or both parties may abandon their original claims and accept a suboptimal settlement. The study also recommended that though alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are an important avenue of settling disputes in the East Africa region, there is need for member states to adhere to the resolutions under EAC‟s Draft Protocol on Foreign policy.
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    Development aid and Post civil war reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2022-03) Abdirizak, Ali Elmi
    The study was set assess the effect of development aid and post-civil war reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia, thus the existence of development aid is supposed to have made the country attain proper post war reconstruction mechanisms without challenges. The status situation leaves worries that the situation of the post war construction could continue to be highly challenged. The used the following specific objectives i) to identify the effect of development aid on post war social service reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia, ii) to examine the effect of development aid on post war Economic institutions reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia, and iii) to establish the effect of development aid on post war political institutions reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. The researcher used a descriptive survey research design based on quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The study targeted a population of 560 people, and with a use of Slovene's formula a sample of 233 respondents was selected to participate in the study. This study used two instruments for the collection of data;- these included questionnaire and interview Guide. The study established the Effect of development aid on post war social service reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. Its findings indicated that there was a significant effect of post war social service reconstruction. Even though the effect Development aid on Post war social service reconstruction may have been rather weak, its significance was undisputable. More so the study established the effect of Development aid on post war Economic institutions reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. Its findings indicated that there was a significant effect of post war Economic institutions reconstruction. Even though the effect Development aid on post war Economic institutions reconstruction may have been rather weak, its significance was undisputable. Thus qualitative results revealed that the goal is to have institutional reforms that result in formation of the same expected order or adherence to the same convention, where everyone will be better off. Clear rules of the game sets the scope for influencing altruism in the cooperation or social, economic and political interaction will be cooperative rather than conflicting”. More so the findings established that the effect of development aid on post war political institutions reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. Its findings indicated that there was a significant effect of post war political institutions reconstruction. From the study findings the researcher concluded that Development aid had a significant effect on post war social service reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. The study conclude that post-war reconstruction needs to focus more on rebuilding infrastructure than on reconstructing institutions and strengthen the social fabric of the society. Secondly the study concludes that Development aid were rarely prevailing towards post war Economic institutions reconstruction, however the study concludes that aid disbursed after attainment of peace is effective in reducing physical miseries such as infant mortality, and this may have favorable long-term effects on Economic growth. From the research findings and conclusions made the researcher recommends that there is need for the donors to consider supporting comprehensive programs to assess the impact of war on children, to train teachers and parents to recognize the symptoms of stress, anxiety, trauma and depression in the most vulnerable.
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    Youth NGOS and conflict resolution in Mogadishu Somalia:
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2021-11) Abdikadir, Hussein Moallim
    The study sets to examinethe effect of youth Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in conflict resolution in Mogadishu Somalia. The study objectives were; to examine the effect of advocacy Youth NGOs' on conflict resolution, to examine the effect on capacity building NGOs on conflict resolution and finally to assess the effect of funding youth NGO’s on conflict resolution in Mogadishu Somalia. The study employed a survey design, and employed 332 respondents to provided information through questionnaire and focus group discussions. The study results from the first objective indicate thatthere was a significant relationship exists between Youth NGO advocacy and conflict resolution in Mogadishu. The second objective shows a significant relationship exists between capacity building NGOs and conflict resolution in Mogadishu meaning that there is significant effect on the resolutions. Lastly, third objective shows a significant relationship exist between funding youth NGOs and conflict resolution in Mogadishu. In conclusion, the first objective concludes that Youth advocacy NGOs have performed fairly in generating conflict management through advocacy though limited effectiveness has been attained in giving rise to an enabling environment for the conflict resolution. While, the second objective conclude that there is existence of limited capacities intended to attaining the need for effective resolutions in conflicts intended to promote the promotions of conflicts in enhancing the development of mechanisms that can generate effectiveness in steady means conflict resolutions, and the third objective concludes that the existence of funding activities is essential in developing avenues for managing the conflict resolutions. However, the study recommends that there is need for instituting a development mechanism necessary for inducing advocacy development plans intended to generate effectiveness in advocacy management. Secondly the study recommends for the need of improved capacity building instance by facilitating open communication about alternatives, cognitive conflict encourages innovative thinking and creative solutions to challenges that faces organizations on a daily basis. There is need to conduct of basic training of employees in regard to interpersonal communications, conflict management and delegation would result in new initiatives and in intentionally-built relationships between organizational members.
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    Border land conflicts and women’s livelihoods in Madisub-Region of Northern Uganda
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-11) Aliru, Stella
    This study examined the impact of borderland conflicts on livestock farming and women livelihood in Madi Sub-region of Northern Uganda. It also examined the influence of borderland conflicts on crop production and livelihood in Madi Subregion of Northern Uganda, assessed the impact of borderland conflicts on market vending and women livelihood in Madi Sub-region of Northern Uganda. The sample size of the study consisted of 79 of target population and was determined through purposive and random sampling methods. This was so because the nature of data to be generated requires different techniques for better understanding of the research problem under investigation. Besides this the approach is also commonly known for achieving higher degree of validity and reliability as well as elimination of biases.The Sloven‟s formula (1978) was used to determine the minimum sample size. Selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data from both Clan leaders and community Residents. Findings revealed that borderland conflicts imposed great social and economic costs to livestock farmers, and this has proved devastating to socio-economic and development trajectories of entire regions of Northern Uganda overtime. Thus, border conflicts have impacted negatively on social, political, and economic situations in the study area including animal production. It is further indicated that there is a decline in crop production due to direct attacks against the border population such as destruction of yields, theft of productive assets, or land plundering, among others. Moreover, displacements during these border conflicts have provoked increase in land conflicts as boundaries to family and clan plots are no longer clear since the land ownership in the region is communal in nature. While land-related conflicts are a major issue across Uganda, these particularities make them more explosive in Madi sub-region of Northern Uganda. The study findings indicated that that border conflicts cause recessions, loss of assets and livestock due to frequent attacks and use of dangerous weapons and also tend to destroy infrastructures which also limit transportation of farm produces inputs and scares away farmers. The study concludes that the decline in crop production is due to direct attacks against the border population such as destruction of yields, theft of productive assets, or land plundering, among others. This is attributed to the displacement during these border conflicts leads to an increase in land conflicts as boundaries to family or clan plots are no longer clear since the land ownership in the region is communal in nature, with land belonging to the clan. While land-related conflicts are a major issue across Uganda, xii these particularities make them more explosive in Madi sub- region of Northern Uganda. Thus, borderland conflicts have resulted in recessions, loss of assets and livestock reduced employment opportunities and diminished social protection mechanisms. The study, therefore recommends innovative and proactive approaches to delimiting the borders between the conflicting parties. There is also need for stakeholders to downplay stereotypes and prejudices in the process of managing borderland disputes and employ problem-solving measures to resolving border conflicts between neighboring countries within the context of extant international instruments and regional frameworks. This will reinforce peaceful inter-group relations and promote enabling environment for competitive socio-economic activities among various families and clans in the study area including Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and a number of others.
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    Assessment of Mining Conflicts on Community Development in Tanzania:
    (Kampala International University, 2022-10)
    It is an undeniable truth that, if managed well, mining sector can play an important role in the development of any country. However, if mismanaged, mining can fuel conflicts and bring unspeakable negative impacts to the community inhabitants. This study aimed at examining the impact of mining conflicts on community development among the communities around North Mara Mine in Tarime District. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the effects of land eviction on community development around NMM, (ii) determine the effects of human rights violation on community development around NMM (iii) identify the impact of water pollution on community development around NMM and (iv) establish the relationship between mining conflicts and community development among the communities around NMM. The study used a descriptive design which followed the quantitative research approach. 351 households of Kemambo and Matongo wards constituted a sample size of this study. Cluster sampling technique was employed to select respondents of the study. Questionnaires were used as the main instrument of data collection. However, observation and documentary review were also used. Data analysis constituted mean and standard deviation counts as well as regression analysis. The findings from the first objective of this study revealed that land eviction s affect community development negatively. On the other hand, findings from the second objective of the study revealed that the effects of human rights violation involves killing of mine intruders by law enforcement officers and the destruction of properties. Moreover, the results of the third objective established that the water pollution has a negative impact on community development. Furthermore, the fourth objective of the study showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between mining conflicts and community development and this was reflected on Pearson Correlation result which was 0.297. The study concludes that land eviction has been and still is affecting communities and their development around North Mara Mine in Tarime District. The study recommends that the government should be strict on the implementation of laws related to compensation whereby mining companies such as that of North Mara Mine can be accountable to their actions. It is from doing this, unfair compensation can be avoided. The study recommends that the government should start a serious implementation of laws guiding the mines and impose additional serious punishment for all who break the law.