Institute for Social Research(ISR)

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Acceptance of Electronic Health Record for Improving Quality of Health Service Delivery: Case Study of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
(Kampala International University, 2017) Shehu, Ibrahim; Kinene Nsereko, Amaal; Shamsudeen A., Sanni
This study investigated acceptance of EHRs for Improving Quality of Health Service Delivery at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, which is the largest teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria. Findings indicated that study participants accept and use EHRs in order to enhance their job performance and believed that the system is very useful in their work. EHRs improves Service Quality and most of the antecedents of technology adoption (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions) are significantly correlated (p<.01, p<.05) with Quality of EHRs, but fall short with Employee Satisfaction.Acceptance of EHRs has brought tremendous changes to the healthcare service and there is need to upgrade the functionality of the EHRs for sustainability.
Adoption and use of e- technologies in selected commercial banks in Uganda
(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013) Conrad, Mubaraka M; Uba, Zacharia; Gokyalya, Solome
This reports the findings of the study issues concerning the adoption and use of e-technologies in selected commercial banks in Uganda.‭ ‬This study investigates the use of e-technologies services and research framework is based on adoption and usefulness of e-technologies to banks in Uganda.‭ ‬This theory survey was conducted to gather the data on adoption and use of e-technologies.‭ ‬Using a cross sectional survey design,‭ ‬the researchers found that much as most E-technologies are in place in these banks,‭ ‬there is still low level of adoption due to low levels of IT exposure by both bank staff and customers.‭ ‬The researchers thus recommend that several on the job training sessions be organized for staff and go extra mile to train customers as well
Adoption of e–tax services in Uganda: a model of citizen–based factors
(Inderscience Publishers, 2013) Maiga, Gilbert; Asianzu, Elizabeth
Diverse benefits of e–government services are linked to its adoption and usage. E–government adoption rates in economically transiting countries remain low and so its benefits are not fully realised. This is partly due to governments focusing largely on technical supply–side factors with little emphasis on the demand or citizens' perspective of e–government adoption. The result has been a gap between what is offered and what is consumed. This paper presents the results of a study that develops a model for e–tax service adoption as an attempt to bridge the gap for this segment of e–government. Requirements for the model elicited in a field study are used to extend the technology acceptance model (TAM) which emphasizes citizen–based factors for e–tax adoption. The extended model has dimensions of adoption benefits, trust, attitudes, education, compatibility, awareness, accessibility, training, user support and local language use. It is generic and reusable for other countries in similar context.
An Insight of Interleukin -6 and Fibrinogen: In Regulating the Immune System
(Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Emmanuel Muhimbura; Byamungu Pahari; Kagenderezo; Sarah Nakyeyune; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
The role of the liver as a critical part of the immune system involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. As a major source of acute phase proteins, including components of the complement system. Hepatocytes are an important part of innate immunity and play an important role in controlling inflammatory responses throughout the body. Acute-phase protein production in hepatocytes is controlled by various cytokines released during the inflammatory process, with IL-6 and IL-1 type cytokines acting as key regulators, cascading and synergistic regulation or it functions as a cascade network with inhibition. Effects on acute-phase protein expression. The pro inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 is an endogenous biochemical active during B cell maturation and inflammatory processes. Interleukin-6 plays an important role in regulating acute-phase protein synthesis in human hepatocytes
Analysis of supporting communication as a correlate of online consumer decision process in municipal local government of Kano state, Nigeria
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2013) Sharifai, Musa Gambo; Zakari, Uba; Mubaraka, Conrad M
Consumer decision making process is an important aspect of business management, both managers and academicians strive to study and understand the conscious processes that underline the decision to purchase a product or service by consumers. This paper is an attempt to study the correlation between supporting communications and how they affect the on-line consumer decision making process in Kano Municipal local government of Kano State. The paper made use of both primary sources of data through the use of researcher designed questionnaires and secondary sources in form of books, journals and articles from the internet. Findings show that such technological advancements are timely, but effort be made to entice users into adoption and use of them; hence recommending further awareness and consideration of Porter’s five forces
Anemia as a Prognostic Marker for Disease Progression in HIV Infection
(IAA Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther Ugo Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu
Anemia, a prevalent hematologic manifestation in individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, has garnered considerable attention as a prognostic indicator for disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes. This abstract presents a comprehensive review elucidating the intricate relationship between anemia and the progression of HIV infection, incorporating epidemiological trends, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), anemia remains a frequent complication in HIV infected individuals, posing substantial challenges to patient management. This paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of anemia's role as a prognostic marker, surpassing its conventional characterization as a hematologic abnormality in the context of HIV infection. Anemia's role as a predictive marker for adverse clinical outcomes in HIV patients is explored, encompassing increased mortality rates, heightened risk of opportunistic infections, accelerated disease progression, and compromised quality of life. The review delves into its prognostic significance, shaping therapeutic decisions and prognostic assessments. This paper encapsulates the criticality of anemia as a prognostic marker for disease progression in HIV infection. Understanding its epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance is pivotal for informed clinical decision-making, prognostic assessments, and optimizing care paradigms in HIV management.
Antioxidants and Pregnancy Complications
(Clinical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024-01-25) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Pregnancy complications present signiϐicant challenges, impacting maternal health and fetal development. Oxidative stress, a key contributor to various pregnancy-related disorders such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth, has spurred interest in exploring antioxidant interventions. Antioxidants, known for their ability to counteractoxidative damage, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents to mitigate these complications. This paper synthesizes current knowledge on the role of antioxidants in pregnancy, elucidating their mechanisms of action, sources, and impact on oxidative stress-related complications. It examines diverse antioxidant compounds, including vitamins C and E, selenium, and natural phytochemicals, highlighting their potential to modulate oxidative stress pathways and promote maternal-fetal wellbeing. Furthermore, this paper critically analyzes clinical studies, meta-analyses, and preclinical research exploring the efficacy and safety of antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy. It discusses the complexities surrounding optimal dosages, timing, and formulations of antioxidants, aiming to delineate strategies for their integration into prenatal care. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the promising role of antioxidants as therapeutic strategies to alleviate pregnancy complications associated with oxidative stress. It highlights avenues for future research, advocating for a deeper understanding of antioxidant mechanisms and their optimalutilization in prenatal care to enhance maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Application of auditing standards among selected organizations
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2013) Turyahebwa, Abanis; Makanga, Christopher; Yahayah, Ibrahim; Byamukama, Arthur Eliab
The study investigated the level of compliance with auditing standards in selected organizations in Kampala, Uganda.v The specific objective of the study was to determine the level of compliance with auditing standards. The study used a quantitative, ex-post facto, descriptive questionnaire, data was collected answering specific questions on a four point Likert scale. Data analysis by means of frequencies, percentages and means was done, using SPSS are University graduates, in the 20 to 39 years age bracket and most of them are men. There is a high level of compliance with auditing standards (general average mean = 3.54) in the selected orga recommended that auditors evaluate team members’ competence before deployment of teams for audit, conduct audits from clients’ premises and issue timely audit reports. There is also need to emphasize follow up of audit findings recommendations from previous audits by auditors or Audit Committees.
An approach for setting evidence-based and stakeholder-informed research priorities in low- and middle-income countries
(Bull World Health Organ, 2016) Rehfuess, Eva A.; Solange, Durão; Kyamanywa, Patrick; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Taryn, Young; Anke, Rohwer
To derive evidence-based and stakeholder-informed research priorities for implementation in African settings, the international research consortium Collaboration for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Public Health in Africa (CEBHA+) developed and applied a pragmatic approach. First, an online survey and face-to-face consultation between CEBHA+ partners and policy-makers generated priority research areas. Second, evidence maps for these priority research areas identified gaps and related priority research questions. Finally, study protocols were developed for inclusion within a grant proposal. Policy and practice representatives were involved throughout the process. Tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension and road traffic injuries were selected as priority research areas. Evidence maps covered screening and models of care for diabetes and hypertension, population-level prevention of diabetes and hypertension and their risk factors, and prevention and management of road traffic injuries. Analysis of these maps yielded three priority research questions on hypertension and diabetes and one on road traffic injuries. The four resulting study protocols employ a broad range of primary and secondary research methods; a fifth promotes an integrated methodological approach across all research activities. The CEBHA+ approach, in particular evidence mapping, helped to formulate research questions and study protocols that would be owned by African partners, fill gaps in the evidence base, address policy and practice needs and be feasible given the existing research infrastructure and expertise. The consortium believes that the continuous involvement of decision-makers throughout the research process is an important means of ensuring that studies are relevant to the African context and that findings are rapidly implemented.
Assessing Tigris River Water quality in Baghdad city using water quality index and multivariatestatistical analysis
(Scientific Journal Impact Factor, 2014) Flaieh, Husain M.; Abdul-Ahad, Muna Y.; Mohammed-Ridha, Mohanad J.
This study assesses spatial and long temporal variations in water quality over the years 2008-2011 for Tigris River by: use of a water quality index (WQI), and multivariate statistical methods namely: principal component analysis and factor analysis (PCA/FA) to extract the parameters that are most important in assessing variations of river water quality, and cluster analysis (CA) to parameters responsible to temporal and spatial variations , for 18 physiochemical pollution data sets :pH value, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TSS), Temperature (T), Turbidity (Tur), Total alkalinity(TA), Total hardness (TH), Calcium(Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Sulfate(SO4-2), Total solids(TS) ,Iron(Fe+2), Aluminum(Al+3), Nitrite(NO2 -1), Nitrate(NO3 -1), Ammonia(NH3), Silica(Si), and Orthophosphate(PO4)-3, from the intake of 8 water treatment sampling sites on the river. WQI on a rating scale range 50 >WQI>300, is 192, indicating poor water quality, not safe for drinking, industrial and crop uses. (PCA/FA) total variance for the rotation sums of squared loadings gives70.742% for 4 components, and 52.186% cumulative for 2 factor components. CA analysis dendrogram gives 3 clusters based on 8 WTPs as: Cluster 1 lrashed,Alwahda),cluster2(cluster1,Al-Karkh,East-Tigrus,Al-hba),cluster3(cluster1,cluster2,Al-Karama,Al-Qadsiya,Al-Dora), and 3 clusters based on the 20 physical and chemical data sets parameters : Cluster 1(,TS, EC, SO4 -2 , Mg+2, Ca+2, TH), cluster2(cluster1, TA, pH, NO3 -1, Si), cluster3(cluster1,cluster2,Tur, Fe, NO2 -1, PO4 - 2,TSS,NH3 +1,Al+3
An assessment of degree of service quality of some selected commercial banks in central Uganda ; perception of bank customers.
(ESRSA Publications Pvt ltd, 2013) Burani, Aluonzi; Sunday, Arthur; Turyahebwa, Abanis; Byamukama, Eliab; Sumil, Manuel
This study was concerned with the assessment of degree of service quality provided by some selected commercial banks in central Uganda.‭ ‬The objectives of the study were to determine‭ (‬i‭) ‬demographic profiles‭ (‬ii‭) ‬degree of service quality and‭ (‬iii‭) ‬significant differences between services provided by the selected commercial banks.‭ ‬The study employed ex post facto design,‭ ‬cross sectional survey,‭ ‬correlation design and quantitative paradigm.‭ ‬Self-Administered Questionnaires were used with CVI‭ = ‬0.85‭ ‬and reliability of r‭ = ‬0.95‭ ‬obtained using cronbach alpha method.‭ ‬Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test.‭ ‬The major findings included male being majority‭ (‬52%‭) ‬and female‭ ‬48%.‭ ‬In terms of age group of‭ (‬20-39‭); ‬obtained‭ ‬81%‭ ‬and‭ ‬60‭ ‬and above were‭ ‬3%.‭ ‬Diploma holders were‭ ‬32%‭ ‬and Ph.D holders were‭ ‬1%.‭ ‬UBA customers being majority‭ (‬58%‭) ‬and Global Trust Bank score‭ ‬42%.‭ ‬In terms of determining the degree of service quality in selected commercial banks in central Uganda,‭ ‬the responsiveness,‭ ‬competence,‭ ‬credibility,‭ ‬security,‭ ‬accessibility and understanding of the service were rated successful apart from reliability of the service which was rated was fair meaning not reliable.‭ ‬With t value‭ = ‬2.401‭ ‬and sig or p‭ = ‬0.017‭ ‬at‭ ‬0.05‭ ‬level of significance alternative hypothesis was accepted to the effect that there is a significant difference in degree of service quality as perceived by customers of the two selected Commercial Banks in Central Uganda.‭ ‬The study recommended the banks to change customer perception and win the good will from the customers,‭ ‬the staff should endeavor to provide the service promptly,‭ ‬quickly and accurately and the service provider should have alternative power to enable the service provider work‭ ‬24‭ ‬hours.
Blended learning resources in constrained bandwidth environment: considerations for network and multimedia optimization
(ACSIJ .I, 2013) Maiga, Gilbert; Suhail, Nazir Ahmad; Lubega, Jude
The potential of multimedia teaching and learning approach at higher education is well recognized by researchers, as it is a powerful tool to increase the perceived level of user satisfaction, leading to enhance the blended learning process. However, the learning process can be improved significantly by delivering the content using visual media (video, audio, and graphics). On the other hand, such multimedia contents require larger bandwidth for transmission over the Internet, which is limited in developing environments where demand always exceeds the resource. This paper constructs a framework comprising of network optimization and multimedia optimization, as two main components, aimed to improve the multimedia performance in the context of constrained bandwidth environment.
Business efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) in selected districts in western Uganda.
(IISTE, 2013) Turyahebwa, Abanis; Sunday, A. B.; Aluonzi, Eliab; Yahaya, B.; Sumil, Novembrieta
The study‭ ‬was undertaken to determine the level of business efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs‭) ‬in‭ ‬selected districts in Western Uganda.‭ ‬The study was guided by the following objectives‭; ‬to determine the level of‭ ‬business efficiency of SMEs in terms of,‭ ‬profitability,‭ ‬growth‭; ‬The study employed ex-post facto or retrospective and‭ ‬prospective designs together with descriptive design and descriptive comparative as well as correlation design.‭ ‬335‭ ‬questionnaires were distributed to respondents and were collected and used for analysis.‭ ‬The study found out‭ ‬that majority of SMEs owners‭ (‬52%‭) ‬in western Uganda are female,‭ ‬more than‭ ‬69%‭ ‬of the SMEs owners are in their‭ ‬early adult hood and majority of the SMEs owners are high school leavers‭ (‬30.1%‭)‬,‭ ‬over‭ ‬50%‭ ‬of the‭ ‬SMEs are sole‭ ‬proprietorship businesses and majority of the SMEs‭ (‬42.4%‭) ‬have been in business between‭ ‬1-4‭ ‬years.‭ ‬The study‭ ‬found out that the level of profitability among SMEs was high‭ (‬Average Mean‭ = ‬2.67‭)‬,‭ ‬the results also showed that‭ ‬the level of growth in SMEs is low‭ (‬Average Mean‭=‬2.30‭)‬.‭ ‬The overall findings showed that the level of business‭ ‬efficiency is low among SMEs‭ (‬Average Mean‭ = ‬2.48‭)‬.‭ ‬The study employed the theory of Pecking Order‭ (‬Myers 1984‎) ‏which states that Management has a preference to choose internal financing before external financing,‭ ‬was‭ ‬proven in this study in the aspects of SMEs using internally generated funds as compared to borrowed funds.‭ ‬The‭ ‬recommendations from the study included‭; ‬The SMEs owners should try to maximise and put to use their assets so as‭ ‬to obtain higher returns on assets.‭ ‬The government,‭ ‬more specifically the Ministry of East African Affairs,‭ ‬URA‭ ‬should sensitize the owners of SMEs on the opportunities that are available in the EAC and how the SMEs can be able to‭ ‬export their products to the neighbouring countries so as to boost their turnover.‭ ‬The owners of SMEs should ‬have sales team in place so as to market the products and services of the business in order to increase sales.‭ ‬The ‬SMEs owners should also make sure that business plans are prepared so as to act as a road map on how to take the business to the next level.
Business Process: Design, Development and Implementation of an E-Procurement and Supply Management System at Kampala International University
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2015) Alone, Kimwise Dr; Sumil, Novembrieta; Ssenyonga, Taddeo Dr.
The general objective of this study was to design, develop and implement Proposed E-Procurement and Supply Management System (PEPSMS) at Kampala international University. The specific objectives were to: (i) examine the level of assessment of the Existing Procurement and Supply Management System (EPSMS) by users in regard to business process. (ii) to determine the level of assessment by the “users” of the PEPSMS after implementation in terms of business process. (iii)) to establish whether there is a significant difference in the level of assessment between the existing procurement and supply management system and the PEPSMS in terms of business process. Quasi-experimental design (assessment of the EPSMS) - post test design (after the implementation of the PEPSMS) was used on a total sample of 29 respondents and t-sample test was used to test the null hypothesis. Findings show that, the level of assessment of the existing procurement and Supply Management System (EPSMS) by the respondents was fair in terms of business process. Further more there was a significant difference in level of assessment of the EPSMS and the PEPSMS before and after implementation. However, the researcher recommends that KIU provides opportunities to its staff members who had low ICT knowledge to go for further training as revealed by the study; and full support by management of KIU should be accorded to the PEPSMS because with out it, sustainability of the system will not be realized Keywords: Existing procurement and Supply Management System (EPSMS),Proposed E-Procurement and Supply Management System (PEPSMS), Business Process.
Challenges and prospects of using information communication technologies (ICTS) among Nigerian Polytechnic Libraries Reference Services
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2013) Jibia, Mamman Salisu; Mubaraka, Conrad M; Hassan, Usman Katsina
This study focused on the threats and challenges of using information communication technologies in reference services of polytechnic libraries was carried out using 600 questionnaires and observation was also used as instrument for data collection , survey method used adapted for this study. The data collected was analyzed using percentages and frequencies, means and standard deviation of the facilities, limited duration of use, denials to information into storage media, like diskettes and flash drives as some of the major threats and challenges of the optimal utilization of these facilities among the selected polytechnic libraries’ Reference sections, suggestions and recommendations were proffered such as extending the duration of use , working towards generations of funds internally, among others, to check the threats and challenges
Child labour: impact on academic performance and social implication: a case of northeast Uganda
(TJPRC Pvt, 2013) Anumaka, Ijeoma Blessing
The article reports the constraint of implementating the child labor policy by education stakeholders in North-East Uganda. Child labor is believed has impact on the physical, social and intellectual development of a child. Despite government effort to combat child labor by enacting child labor law and policies, the rate of child labor is till prevalent in some districts in Uganda. Parents should be sensitized about the value of education to their children. Government should find ways of fighting poverty, and all the stakeholders should join hands in order to eradicate child labor.
E-Procurement and Performance of Service Organizations in Uganda
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2013) Zakari, Uba; Sharifai, Musa Gambo; Mubaraka, Conrad M; Agaba, Leticia
Aiming at establishing the relationship between E-procurement on the performance of selected service organizations in Uganda; researchers used survey design on 202 employees and found that there is a significant relationship between E-procurement and performance of the organizations. This proposition comes as a result of penetration of IT in all aspects of life to the effect that today everything tends to rotate around use of technology. Also to note is that competition compels one to devise means to beat others and technology is the way to go. The researchers thus recommend: i) Government to support service organizations in regards to regulating cyber related vices; ii) Other organizations, other than service organization, should invest wisely in IT to reap its potential profitability; and iii) The whole procurement process should involve as many people as possible as a potential means to human resource planning in an effort to overcome future embarrassments of retrench and labor turn over
Effectiveness of a proposed system design on academic management of Kampala International University: design, development and implementation
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2013) Mubaraka, Conrad M; Ssenyonga, Taddeo Dr.; Sumil, Novembrieta
This study aimed at answering questions concerning the significant effect of the proposed system design on the academic management of KIU in terms of upportability, reliability, maintainability and availability. Using a quasi-experimental design on a total sample of 750 respondents (i.e. the Users, Academic Staff and Students) and t-sample test, the study revealed that there was a significant effect by the proposed design on the academic management system. The study thus recommends that all stakeholders should be trained to interact and use it which will save a lot of time for the students, academic staff and university branches in processing academic data
Effectiveness of counseling in raising self efficacy, self motivation, and self awareness among vocational trained graduates of Kano State Tertiary Institutions, Nigeria
(Kampala International University.College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2016) Gambo, Umar; Imbuki, Kennedy
This study was initiated to investigate what role counseling can play in encouraging and developing self efficacy, self motivation, and self awareness of vocational trained graduates of Kano state tertiary institutions. This in turn could change the attitudes of the graduates of vocational education of Kano state tertiary institutions to practice the vocational knowledge and skills they acquired for self employment. The objective of the study was to establish the effectiveness of counseling strategies in raising their self awareness, self efficacy, and self motivation; which could lead to vocational practice among the vocational graduates. The design is a comparative study and also a mixture of positivists and interpretative paradigms. After giving to the experimental group counseling intervention, their self efficacy, self motivation, and self awareness were compared with that of the control group. Using a t test, the SE, SM, and SA of both the experimental and control groups were compared. The findings indicate that the SE has a t value of 14.554 and a sig value of 0.000<0.05; and the SM has a t value of 14.421, and a sig value of 0.000<0.05; while SA has a t value of 14.200 and a sig value of 0.000<0.05.Hence, this led to the rejection of the null hypothesis which says there is no significant difference between the SE, SM, and SA of the experimental group, and that of the control group.Therefore this indicates that counseling significantly raises the self efficacy, self motivation, and self awareness of the vocational graduates. The researchers recommends that adequate and professional school counselors and facilities should be provided to every school, resource mobilization to assist the vocational graduates, and also group counseling should be adopted by school counselors to raise the self efficacy, self motivation, and self awareness of their student which are personality attributes that could help in making them become self employed, instead of waiting for white collar jobs which is not readily available for them.
Empirical analysis on the use of forensic accounting techniques in curbing creative accounting
(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management , United Kingdom, 2015) Ijeoma, Ngozi Blessing
his study evaluated the use of forensic accounting techniques in curbing creative accounting. The objective of this study was to empirically examine forensic accounting techniques in curbing creative accounting. Primary source of data collection was employed and the statistical tools used in analyzing the data include: Kruskal-Wallis test Mean rank and percentage distribution. From the findings of the study it was revealed that strong evidence exists on the effectiveness of techniques used by forensic accountants in helping to curb the problem of creative accounting. The result further revealed the existence of strong evidence that forensic accountants have enhanced their efficiency overtime. Also, it was found that there exists strong evidence that the emergence of forensic accountants has restored confidence in the credibility of corporate firms and their report. Hence, by applying accounting principles, auditing skills and investigative procedures in solving certain legal problems, forensic accountants help lawyers, courts, regulatory bodies and other institutions in investigating financial frauds. It was established from the findings of this study that there is need that forensic accountants must possess solid knowledge and skills in the area of accounting and auditing

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