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Ectopic Pregnancy: A Review
(International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Mohamud Hussein Faduma; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Chekwube Catherine Agu; Sophia Kazibwe
Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening gynecological emergency and a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity all over the world. It accounts for 75% of maternal deaths in early pregnancy thus in most developing countries including Uganda, ectopic pregnancy is among the common causes of first-trimester maternal death. All identified risk factors are maternal: pelvic inflammatory disease, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, smoking, tubal surgery, induced conception cycle, and endometriosis. Nonetheless, these risk factors vary from one study to another and from place to place.
Efficacy Assessment of Some Commonly used Disinfectants against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Isolates from a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Benin City, Nigeria
(Newport International Journal of Scientific and Experimental Sciences (NIJSES), 2023) Samson O. Onemu; Oluyemisi Odeyemi; Matthew Eturhobore Adu; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
The ever-rising numbers of multidrug resistant, MDR bacteria in healthcare facilities globally has correspondingly led to a rapid escalation in the use of disinfectants, antiseptics or biocides which reached unprecedented levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has also elicited grave apprehension about the development of resistance to disinfectants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of some regularly used disinfectants in the study population. Five brands of disinfectants were obtained and diluted in sterile 300 ppm calcium carbonatenutrient broth to their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations, MICs to which were exposed broth cultures of MDR organisms for 2 min before sampling onto nutrient agar plates in replicates. Further samples were taken
Efficiency of Full Blood Count in Routine Patient Diagnosis: A Systematic Review
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Ziana Kalyankolo; Chimaobi Chukwuemeka Nwankpa; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Full blood count is one of the critical laboratory tests. It provides information about the production of all blood cells, identifies the patient's ability to carry oxygen by evaluating red blood cell counts, and allows for immune system evaluation by assessing white blood cell counts with differential. This test helps diagnose anaemia, certain cancers, infections, and many others, as well as monitor the side effects of certain medications. For this reason, medical laboratories are flooded with a large number of blood and tissue samples that need to be analyzed as accurately as possible and in the shortest possible time. Moreover, it has different advantages, such as being cheap, simple to perform, and availability in different departments, from the emergency room to the critical care unit. Due to its usefulness in the assessment of health status of individuals, its parameters in cord blood, a major source of haemopoietic stem cell transplantation and an ideal source for laboratory investigations for newborns were determined to provide a useful guide to local neonatologists and stem cell transplant physicians. Therefore, it is critical to utilize this laboratory test to provide better care for patients.
Enhancing quality healthcare in Nigeria through medical laboratory services
(Medicine, 2024) Abdulrahman Abdulbasit Opeyemi; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Abdulwasiu Oladele Hassan
This article explores the pivotal role of medical laboratory services in enhancing the quality of healthcare in Nigeria. Medical laboratory science is a comprehensive field that involves a diverse array of diagnostic and analytical procedures. These procedures are of utmost importance in the provision of patient care, the early diagnosis of diseases, and the promotion of public health. The article elucidates the progression of medical laboratory services in Nigeria, tracing the transformation from the role of laboratory assistants to that of medical laboratory scientists. It underscores the significance of these services in informing healthcare decision-making. The essay also discusses the diverse obstacles encountered by the medical laboratory profession in Nigeria. The issues encompass insufficiencies in infrastructure, obsolescence of equipment, absence of a coherent policy framework, slow workforce expansion, persistent labor strikes, and a scarcity of trained specialists. The aforementioned issues not only impede the effectiveness of laboratory services, but also have extensive ramifications for healthcare provision throughout the nation. In order to address these difficulties and improve the standard of healthcare, the essay presents practical solutions and a thorough strategy. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of augmenting financial resources, mitigating corruption, and tackling wage inequalities in order to effectively retain medical laboratory specialists. The action plan is structured into distinct phases, each delineated by specified dates and delineating the duties of various stakeholders, such as government entities, healthcare establishments, professional associations, and diagnostic enterprises.
Eosinophil Dynamics in Pregnancy among Women Living with HIV: A Comprehensive Review
(International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, 2024) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
This comprehensive review explores the intricate dynamics of eosinophils in the context of pregnancy among women living with HIV, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of their immunoregulatory roles and potential implications for maternal-fetal health. Eosinophils, traditionally associated with allergic responses, emerge as crucial players in maintaining immune homeostasis during pregnancy. The review delves into the physiological changes of eosinophils in pregnancy, highlighting their immunomodulatory functions.In the context of HIV infection, the review examines alterations in eosinophil counts and functions, emphasizing the impact of antiretroviral therapy on these dynamics. Placental immunology and the presence of eosinophils within the placenta are explored, shedding light on their potential role in preventing infections and influencing vertical transmission of HIV. Clinical implications for both maternal and fetal health are discussed, addressing potential associations between eosinophil dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The review concludes by identifying research gaps and proposing future directions to unravel the complexities of eosinophil dynamics in pregnant women living with HIV. Overall, this review aims to contribute valuable insights that may inform clinical practices and interventions tailored to optimize outcomes in this unique population.
Evaluation of Alloantibodies to human platelet antigen and Leucocyte antigen class 1 in Multitransfused patients in Owerri, Imo state
(Evaluation of Alloantibodies to human platelet antigen and Leucocyte antigen class 1 in Multitransfused patients in Owerri, Imo state, 2024) Ukonu U.C; Nwosu, D.C; Okoroiwu, L.I; Dike-Ndudim, J.N; Ukonu, G.O; Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Alloantibodies to human platelet specific antigen and leucocyte antigen class 1 were evaluated in haemato-oncology multitransfused patients. Study subjects were 120 multi-transfused patients (96 males and 24 females) within the age bracket of 18 and 65 years who were on admission at Federal Medical Centre Owerri. Sixty apparently healthy individuals (40 males and 20 females) who have never received blood transfusion in life within the same age bracket were recruited as control subjects. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of Federal Medical Centre Owerri and the consent of the subjects were obtained. Valuable information were obtained by questionnaires.ELISA method (using monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen kit) was adopted for antibody determination. Data obtained were analysed with IBM SPSS. Chi-square test, student’s t-testand fisher’s analysis of variance were used to compute the relationship between variables. Statistical significance was set at a confidence limit of 95%. Results revealed that out of 120 multitransfused subjects tested, 107(89.17%) were alloimmunized, 13(10.83%) were not immunized. Those immunized against human platelet specific antigens and leucocyte antigens class 1 were 75(70%) and 4(3.78%) respectively. Those immunized against both human platelet specific antigens and leucocyte antigens were 28(26.1%). The prevalence of platelet specific glycoprotein antigens and leucocyte antigens were obtained as follows: Gp 11b/111a 97(80.83%), Gp1a/11a 46(38.33%), HLA class 1 32(26.67%), and 1b/ix 20(16.67%) Result indicates high frequency of alloimmunization against human platelet specific antigens with alloantibodies against glycoprotein 11b/111a (HPA-1a,3a,4a) having the highest frequency in multitransfused subjects. Frequency of alloimmunization did not increase with the number of units of blood transfused. Finding will help ensure safety of transfusion therapy in other to avoid clinical conditions like Platelet refractoriness and post transfusion purpura.
Evaluation of Care-Takers Awareness, Training and Approaches in the Management of Diarrhea in Children in Nawampiti Parish
(IAA Journal of Scientific Research, 2023) Stanley Kalenzi
In Uganda diarrhea is among the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Uganda had the highest number of under-five child deaths (145,000) in the world and is one of the 42 countries in the world that contributed about 90% of all under five childhood deaths in the world. Diarrhea can occur as a symptom of many different illnesses, and as a side effect of some drugs. This study aimed at determining the knowledge, practice and attitude that care takers have in managing of diarrhea in children of five years of age and below as well as establishing the treatment given. Data was collected from 75 people among the community by the use of preceded response schedule, any child care taker of any sex who was found in the home aged five years and consented to be interviewed was recruited in this study. The data was analyzed by Microsoft word, results presented in a tabular form and short comments were discussed. The mean age of respondents was 37 years; the majority of the respondents were females 96%. The largest population 41.3% had attained formal education, while at least 36% had primary level education. 40% percent of the respondents mentioned using antidiarrheal drugs and 40 percent of the care takers gave oral fluids instead of drugs. 90.7% of the mothers knew about ORS but only 29% of these knew how to prepare it. 42.7% of others knew about sugar salt solution but only 9.4% could prepare it well. 96% of the respondents had positive attitude towards treatment while 46% did not believe in using traditional treatment. 25.3% believed in using both traditional and medical treatment. 40% of the mothers believed that increased feeding Intensifies diarrhea. Poor knowledge was associated with low education level, most respondents were house wives, and most population lives on peasant farming and small-scale trading hence poor knowledge including poor practice and attitude were found in area of low social economic status than elsewhere. The findings in this research shows that most respondents still lack adequate knowledge, appropriate practice and attitude about treatment of diarrhea in children.
Evaluation of Haematological Parameters of Bankers in Calabar Metropolis
(International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, 2023) Valerie Esame Njar; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Marycynthia U. Umeokwoaka
This study assessed some haematological parameters of bankers in Calabar metropolis. A total of 100 people (male and female) between the age of 21 and 60 were recruited for this research, 50 bankers and 50 non-bankers who served as control. 4mls of blood was collected by venipuncture into an EDTA bottle for full blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Using Microhaematocrit method for packed cell volume (PCV), visual manual method for total white cell count and platelet count, cyanmethaemoglobin method for haemoglobin estimation and, Westergren’s method for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results were expressed as means ± standard deviation, while student’s t-test and analysis of variance was used for comparison of means; P was statistically significant at <0.05.Of all the haematological parameters analyzed, there was a significant increase in basophil and a decrease in PCV and platelet count (0.06 ± 0.31× 1012, 0.42 ± 0.05 l/l, 283.32 ± 78.20× 109) in bankers when compared with the control (0.30 ± 0.65× 1012, 0.35 ± 0.41 l/l, 253.48 ± 71.18× 109) respectively. It also shows that there was a significant reduction in the PCV and the haemoglobin concentration mean ± standard deviation of female bankers (130.72±20.87, 0.40 ± 0.04 l/l) compared to their male counterparts (156.50±26.07, 0.48 ± 0.05 l/l). This study also reveals that based on the duration of service, ESR was (14.44 ± 8.40 mm/hr.) amongst those who have been working for 6 – 10 years, while those who have worked for less than 6years had an ESR of (9.23 ± 7.31). Pearson’s correlation showed a strong positive association between PCV and haemoglobin concentration that was significant.
Evaluation of Hematological Parameters of Sickle Cell Anemia Patients with Osteomyelitis in A Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria
(Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Sickle cell anaemia is a single point mutation in the globin chain of position 6 resulting from valine replacing glutamic acid leading to sickling and polymerization of the red cells causing the crisis in the patients. The study was done to determine the changes in haematological parameters of sickle cell anaemia patients with osteomyelitis. The study was done in a tertiary hospital in Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred subjects were recruited for the study (50 subjects were sickle cell anaemia with osteomyelitis and 50 subjects were apparently healthy individuals. The haematological parameters were determined using automation. The results showed decrease in RBC, Haemoglobin, PCV, lymphocytes and increase in WBC and monocytes. The osteomyelitis in the sickle cell anaemia patients could suppress the bone marrow resulting the observed changes in the haematological parameters studied.
Evaluation of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa District, Eastern Uganda
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Mungoma, Derick
Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital. With different educational standards, awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. The researcher recommends continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. Also, hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as a measure of disinfecting the hands before or after handling a patient is encouraged.
Evaluation of Inhalation Effect of Insecticides on Haemorheological Profiles of Rabbits
(International Journal of Research and Reports in Hematology, 2022) Emily Funmilayo Eyitayo; Emily Funmilayo Eyitayo; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Background: High malaria burden has led to the increase use of insecticides in the tropics and subtropics. This study thus aimed at assessing the effect of insecticides inhalation on haemorrheological parameters using experimental animal model. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult male rabbits divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A,B and C were exposed to 20ml of pyrethroid insecticides containing 0.05% pralletrin and 0.15% cyfluthrin by inhalation for 10mins,20mins, and 30mins respectively. Group D serve as the control and was not exposed. Baseline study was done on all the animals before grouping for exposure. The pyrethroid insecticides was soaked in cotton wool (2.5g) in a container that was able to prevent the animal from ingesting it, which was placed inside the room A, B and C for 10mins,20mins and 30mins respectively. The rabbits were exposed for three weeks and sample were collected at the end of each week. Exposure was discontinued after day 21 and samples were collected again on day 28 and 35 respectively which is the fourth and fifth week. All the animals were monitored twice daily for clinical signs like jerky movement, skin scratching, licking of legs and other body parts. Results: Data analysis revealed that there was significant effect of inhalation of insecticides on some haemorrheological parameters of rabbits at 10min, 20mins and 30mins of exposure. There was decreased in Plasma viscosity. But there was no significant effect on whole blood viscosity and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Conclusion: The results from this study have shown that aerosol of these pyrethroid insecticides (pralletrin and cyfluthrin) has effect on haemorrheological parameters. It is thus recommended that one should avoid exposure to the aerosol of these insecticides during domestic, veterinary,agricultural or industrial use.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Perception and Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Students of Enugu State University of Science and Technology: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach
(Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2022) Justina Nwabunachi Ikpenwa; Christian Chinedu Aneke; Chidimma Maureen Chukwueze; Leonard C. Chukwu; Leonard C. Chukwu
Background: The increasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection globally has become a huge concern. This organism is a gram-negative bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach, causing peptic ulcer disease as well as gastric cancer. Approximately 50% of the world populations are known to be infected with Helicobacter pylori.This study evaluated the knowledge, perception as well as prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among the students of Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT). A total of 1,500 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Ethical clearance and informed consent were retrieved and a well-structured questionnaire was administered to each participant. Blood samples were collected from the participants and screened for Helicobacter pylori antibody using rapid test kits (CTK Biotech, Inc., San Diego, USA). Information obtained was analysed using SPSS version 25.0. P-values <0.05 were reflected as statistically significant. Out of the 1,500 students tested, 964 (64.3%) were positive for H. pylori. The prevalence was higher in females 896 (59.7%) as against 604 (40.4%) in males. The students within the age group of 20-24 years reported the highest prevalence. There was no statistical significance in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori between the age groups (P=.370) and gender groups (P=.927). Based on evaluation of knowledge and perception of Helicobacter pylori among ESUT students, 1365 (91%) had heard of ulcer but only 577 (38.5%) had been diagnosed of ulcer previously. Majority of the student participants (65.7%) knew antacid as a medication for ulcer. About half the population (50.5%) perceived that ulcer is related to weight loss. 36.5% believed ulcer could bring about lack of concentration while 36.8% agreed that ulcer makes one highly irritable. Conclusion: The purpose of this work was to generate information with emphasis on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among the study population as well as their knowledge and perception. Information generated will help formulate public health interventions necessary to check these problems and offer evidence based preventive approach to the students of ESUT and the entire populace.
Evaluation of Male partner participation in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDs at Hoima Referral hospital
(Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2023) Sebwami Richard
The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude, the level of male involvement and factors associated with male involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Hoima municipality. This study was a descriptive cross section in which quantitative method of data collection was employed in collection of data from respondents. Questionnaires were distributed to participants to assess the knowledge and attitude, the level of male involvement and factors associated with male involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Hoima municipality. Sample size of 200 participants were used, this included the Male partners who hard escorted their pregnant partners to the antenatal clinic aged between 20-50years.The predominant religion were Catholics 59% and seventh day Adventists. Regarding educational levels, majority of respondents had completed secondary level and above (61%) and the predominant ages were between 20-29 years. The study revealed that very few males partner were involved in the PMTCT program especially during HIV counseling and testing (HCT) because of being at old age group above 30years couples, couples not living together, high number of wife’s pregnancies four and above, having no knowledge on methods of MTCT, and husbands failure to discuss HCT with their wives. From the findings, majority of the respondents have ever had about the male involvement in the PMTCT but there was still low male involvement in PMTCT programs at antenatal clinics. There is a need to do an in-depth assessment of women’s experiences when tested HIV-positive in the presence of their partners at the ANC, as well as to develop strategies to improve male involvement. The study again recommends formative research on the use of incentives to promote male involvement in the PMTCT program and the government should train more of the health promoters and the Village Health Teams in order to reach even those that are deep in the village that are not having easy access to the health facility.
Evaluation of Occurrence and Factors associated with Tuberculosis amid HIV Positive Adults Attending ART Clinic in Amuria District
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Ekemu, William
The prevalence of TB is increasing in many countries and is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. Infection with HIV likewise, has emerged as the most important predisposing factor for developing TB in people co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective of study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Tuberculosis among HIV positive adults attending ART clinic in Amuria health Centre IV in Amuria district. A cross sectional study design, descriptive in nature was used in which a total of 150 clients participated. Majority of participants were aged 30-40 with 36%, of this patients, 97(64.67%) were female and 53(35.3%) were males. TB incidence was 7.33% males were sputum positive and sputum positive females were 5.33% which totaled to 12.66% positive respondents. Among the social exposure characteristics, exposure characteristics, 60.67% responded yes to asked questions and 39.33% replied no to the questions with 28% in smoking cigarettes. Environmental factors, overcrowding showed highest percentage (16%), followed by non-permanent housing (15.33%). The findings highlight, occupation, age (31-50), low education level, smoking status, alcohol intake, and overcrowding, unemployment associated with TB co infection. There is need for on-going educational, informational and other interventions to address the risk factors of tuberculosis in HIV Adults in order to decrease the rate of TB co-infection
Evaluation of plasma levels of interleukin 6 and iron status of baseketball players in Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
(Academic journal of heath science, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Oghenenyerhovwo Udjor
Aim: The study was done to determine the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and iron status of basketball players in Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: A total number of 80 subjects were recruited for the study, comprising of 40 subjects before playing basketball (20 males and 20 females) and 40 subjects after playing basketball (20 males, 20 females) from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. The data obtained from the study were presented as Mean ± SD in tables and analysed using student t-test for parametric data using SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A significant increase (p=0.002) was found in interleukin 6 (IL-6) after playing basketball compared to before playing basketball and no significant change (0.276) in iron after playing basketball compared to before playing basketball respectively. It was also observed that there was no significant increase (p=0.115) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of males compared to females and no significant change in iron (p=0.770) of males compared to females respectively. There was no significant increase (p=0.115) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of basketball players aged 15 to 25 years compared to basketball players aged 26 to 35 years and no significant change in iron (p=0.770) of basketball players aged 15 to 25 years compared to volleyball players aged 26 to 35 years respectively. Conclusions: The study showed increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of the basketball players after playing compared to the level before playing which shows that the physical activity increases the level of interleukin 6 and but has no effect on the iron level after basketball game
Evaluation of plasma levels of interleukin 6 and iron status based on sleeping patterns of students I a Nigerian University
(International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Mary Ezinne Nwazu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Sleeping is so important for the vitality of human life. The study was done to evaluate levels of interleukin 6 and iron based on different sleeping patterns of students of Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. The project is a cross-sectional study involving subjects recruited from students of Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus. A total number of 100 subjects were recruited for the study (50 males and 50 females) of apparently healthy students from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. They all gave consent to participate in this study. The data obtained from the study were presented as Mean SD in tables and analysed using student t-test and ANOVA for parametric data using SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The results showed no significant change in interleukin 6 and iron levels when compared among the groups and within the groups. The study revealed that different sleeping pattern has no significant changes in the levels of interleukin 6 and iron of the students of Madonna University, Elele Campus, Rivers State.
Evaluation of Plasma Levels of Interleukin 6 and Iron Status of Volleyball Players in a Nigerian University
(Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Chinecherem Cynthia Anierobi; Gloria Chizoba Eze; Chidimma Maureen Chukwueze; Rutendo Denise Makonyonga; Nkiruka Millicent Amadi; Rifkatu Hassan
To determine the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and iron status of volleyball players in Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total number of 80 subjects were recruited for the study, comprising of 40 subjects before playing volleyball (20 males and 20 females) and 40 subjects after playing volleyball (20 males, 20 females) from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. The data obtained from the study were presented as Mean ± SD in tables and analysed using student t-test for parametric data using SPSS version 20. The level of was set at p<0.05. The results of Table 1 showed that there was increase (p=0.003) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) after playing volleyball compared to before playing volleyball and no significant change (0.079) in iron after playing volleyball compared to before playing volleyball. Table 2 showed that there was no significant increase (p=0.164) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of males compared to females and no significant change (p=0.589) in iron of males compared to females. Table 3 showed that there was no significant increase (p=0.921) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of volleyball players aged 15-25 Years compared to volleyball players aged 26-35 Years and no significant change (p=0.503) in iron of volleyball players aged 15-25 Years compared to volleyball players aged 26-35 Years respectively. The study found an increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in volleyball players after games as opposed to levels before games, demonstrating that physical exercise raises interleukin 6 levels while having no impact on iron levels. significance
Evaluation of Sanitation Management at Bassajabalaba Secondary School in Bushenyi District Ishaka Municipality
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Kato Hakiimu
Inadequate sanitation has been found to be a major problem in primary schools and now as Universal Primary Education (UPE) begins to offload pupils into the secondary school system, the same problem might begin to affect secondary schools. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate sanitation management at Bassajjabalaba Secondary School Bushenyi District in Ishaka Municipality. The required information was gathered using four methods namely, indepth interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, and observation. Two categories of respondents were used including head teachers and students. It was found that although the sampled secondary school on a variety of sanitation facilities, there is generally inadequate coverage of sanitation facilities at the school, and the phenomenon is exacerbated by the ever-increasing student population due to increasing enrolment for secondary education resulting from Universal Primary Education. The cleanliness of the available sanitation facilities is not at its best and this forms part of the reasons why some students ignore using facilities and instead opt for use of bushes around the school. It was recommended that there is a need to develop sanitation programs under which the challenge should be tackled right from the root rather than attempting to manage the resultant consequences. School administrations need to prioritize the aspect of sanitation and hygiene.
Evaluation of Some Hematological Parameters in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba Based on Socio-Demographic Characteristics
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2024) Ahiara C. O.; Onyeakolam I. F.; Nwosu D. C.1, Nwanjo H. U.; Chima C. O.; Anyanwu G.O. Nwokorie E. A.; Anyanwu G.O. Nwokorie E. A.; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
The evaluation of lipid profile and some hematological parameters in diabetic patients attending Abia State Teaching Hospital Aba, was carried out. Venous blood samples were collected from 150 participants who gave consent. This comprises 100 diabetic patients as test and 50 healthy subjects as control. The plasma glucose and hemoglobin levels were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Data from this study were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Result shows that, platelet (395.44±72.11x109/l), prothrombin time (13.63±0.95secs) levels were higher in study population compared with control (176.18±25.26x109/l, 11.85±0.63secs, respectively) (p<0.05 in each case). The hemoglobin (124.83±15.01g/l) was lower in diabetic patients compared with control (131.66±10.45g/l) (p<0.05). From the findings, management of conditions related to cardiovascular disease, artherosclerotic disease, anemia and stress in diabetics may benefit patients if some hematological parameters are included as part of their routine laboratory investigations.
Evaluation of Some Thyriod Hormones in Diabetics Attending Abia State University Teaching Hospital
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2024) Ahiara C.O.; Onyeakolam I.F.; Nwosu D.C.; Nwanjo H.U.; Chima C.O.; Anyanwu G.O.; Nwokorie E. A.; Emengaha F. C.; Onu I. O.; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
The evaluation triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyrotropin, c-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor- α in diabetic patients attending Abia State Teaching Hospital Aba, was carried out. Venous blood samples were collected from 150 participants who gave consent. This comprises 100 diabetic patients as test and 50 healthy subjects as control. The serum Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyrotropin was determined using Fincare quantitative assay method. Data from this study were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Result shows that thyroxine (8.97±1.28μg/dl), thyrotropin(2.08±0.85μiu/ml) respectively) (p<0.05 in each case). The serum triiodothyronine (0.89±0.38ng/ml), was lower in diabetic patients, compared with control (1.04±0.33ng/l) (p<0.05). From the findings, management of conditions related to cardiovascular disease, atherosclerotic disease, anemia and stress in diabetics may benefit patients if thyroid hormones are included as part of their routine laboratory investigations.