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Frequency and Factors Associated with Hyperglycaemia First Detected during Pregnancy at Itojo General Hospital, South Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020) Frank Kiiza; Daniel Kayibanda; Pidson Tumushabe; Leticia Kyohairwe; Raymond Atwine; Rogers Kajabwangu; Ritah Kiconco
Background. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy complicates up to 30% of pregnancies in Africa, and this poses a major risk to both the mother and fetus. Although recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), universal screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy is not routinely done in many of the hospital in low- and middle-income countries. This study sought to determine the frequency and factors associated with hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy at a general public hospital in South Western Uganda. Methods. We conducted this study at Itojo General Hospital (IGH) in Ntungamo District, South Western Uganda. The study followed a cross-sectional design that employed a systematic random sampling technique to identify potential study participants during the months of October to December 2019. Using a pretested questionnaire, data on socio demographic and medical characteristics were collected on a sample of 307 pregnant women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hyperglycemia using random blood sugar and fasting blood sugar test results. Data generated were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P < 0:05. Results. The frequency of hyperglycaemia was found to be 15.6% among the study population. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ages of 19-30 years, peasantry, and multiparity with more than 5 live children and second trimester pregnancy were independent risk factors for the observed hyperglycaemia frequency. Conclusion. Our study reports new epidemiological information about the frequency and risk factors of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy from a selected Ugandan population. Our findings suggest an introduction of hyperglycaemia screening in the routine antenatal care package for proper maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Efficiency of Full Blood Count in Routine Patient Diagnosis: A Systematic Review
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Ziana Kalyankolo; Chimaobi Chukwuemeka Nwankpa; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Full blood count is one of the critical laboratory tests. It provides information about the production of all blood cells, identifies the patient's ability to carry oxygen by evaluating red blood cell counts, and allows for immune system evaluation by assessing white blood cell counts with differential. This test helps diagnose anaemia, certain cancers, infections, and many others, as well as monitor the side effects of certain medications. For this reason, medical laboratories are flooded with a large number of blood and tissue samples that need to be analyzed as accurately as possible and in the shortest possible time. Moreover, it has different advantages, such as being cheap, simple to perform, and availability in different departments, from the emergency room to the critical care unit. Due to its usefulness in the assessment of health status of individuals, its parameters in cord blood, a major source of haemopoietic stem cell transplantation and an ideal source for laboratory investigations for newborns were determined to provide a useful guide to local neonatologists and stem cell transplant physicians. Therefore, it is critical to utilize this laboratory test to provide better care for patients.
Evaluation of Inhalation Effect of Insecticides on Haemorheological Profiles of Rabbits
(International Journal of Research and Reports in Hematology, 2022) Emily Funmilayo Eyitayo; Emily Funmilayo Eyitayo; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Background: High malaria burden has led to the increase use of insecticides in the tropics and subtropics. This study thus aimed at assessing the effect of insecticides inhalation on haemorrheological parameters using experimental animal model. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult male rabbits divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A,B and C were exposed to 20ml of pyrethroid insecticides containing 0.05% pralletrin and 0.15% cyfluthrin by inhalation for 10mins,20mins, and 30mins respectively. Group D serve as the control and was not exposed. Baseline study was done on all the animals before grouping for exposure. The pyrethroid insecticides was soaked in cotton wool (2.5g) in a container that was able to prevent the animal from ingesting it, which was placed inside the room A, B and C for 10mins,20mins and 30mins respectively. The rabbits were exposed for three weeks and sample were collected at the end of each week. Exposure was discontinued after day 21 and samples were collected again on day 28 and 35 respectively which is the fourth and fifth week. All the animals were monitored twice daily for clinical signs like jerky movement, skin scratching, licking of legs and other body parts. Results: Data analysis revealed that there was significant effect of inhalation of insecticides on some haemorrheological parameters of rabbits at 10min, 20mins and 30mins of exposure. There was decreased in Plasma viscosity. But there was no significant effect on whole blood viscosity and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Conclusion: The results from this study have shown that aerosol of these pyrethroid insecticides (pralletrin and cyfluthrin) has effect on haemorrheological parameters. It is thus recommended that one should avoid exposure to the aerosol of these insecticides during domestic, veterinary,agricultural or industrial use.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Perception and Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Students of Enugu State University of Science and Technology: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach
(Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2022) Justina Nwabunachi Ikpenwa; Christian Chinedu Aneke; Chidimma Maureen Chukwueze; Leonard C. Chukwu; Leonard C. Chukwu
Background: The increasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection globally has become a huge concern. This organism is a gram-negative bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach, causing peptic ulcer disease as well as gastric cancer. Approximately 50% of the world populations are known to be infected with Helicobacter pylori.This study evaluated the knowledge, perception as well as prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among the students of Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT). A total of 1,500 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Ethical clearance and informed consent were retrieved and a well-structured questionnaire was administered to each participant. Blood samples were collected from the participants and screened for Helicobacter pylori antibody using rapid test kits (CTK Biotech, Inc., San Diego, USA). Information obtained was analysed using SPSS version 25.0. P-values <0.05 were reflected as statistically significant. Out of the 1,500 students tested, 964 (64.3%) were positive for H. pylori. The prevalence was higher in females 896 (59.7%) as against 604 (40.4%) in males. The students within the age group of 20-24 years reported the highest prevalence. There was no statistical significance in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori between the age groups (P=.370) and gender groups (P=.927). Based on evaluation of knowledge and perception of Helicobacter pylori among ESUT students, 1365 (91%) had heard of ulcer but only 577 (38.5%) had been diagnosed of ulcer previously. Majority of the student participants (65.7%) knew antacid as a medication for ulcer. About half the population (50.5%) perceived that ulcer is related to weight loss. 36.5% believed ulcer could bring about lack of concentration while 36.8% agreed that ulcer makes one highly irritable. Conclusion: The purpose of this work was to generate information with emphasis on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among the study population as well as their knowledge and perception. Information generated will help formulate public health interventions necessary to check these problems and offer evidence based preventive approach to the students of ESUT and the entire populace.
Evaluation of plasma levels of interleukin 6 and iron status based on sleeping patterns of students I a Nigerian University
(International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Mary Ezinne Nwazu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Sleeping is so important for the vitality of human life. The study was done to evaluate levels of interleukin 6 and iron based on different sleeping patterns of students of Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. The project is a cross-sectional study involving subjects recruited from students of Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus. A total number of 100 subjects were recruited for the study (50 males and 50 females) of apparently healthy students from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. They all gave consent to participate in this study. The data obtained from the study were presented as Mean SD in tables and analysed using student t-test and ANOVA for parametric data using SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The results showed no significant change in interleukin 6 and iron levels when compared among the groups and within the groups. The study revealed that different sleeping pattern has no significant changes in the levels of interleukin 6 and iron of the students of Madonna University, Elele Campus, Rivers State.
Evaluation of Plasma Levels of Interleukin 6 and Iron Status of Volleyball Players in a Nigerian University
(Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Chinecherem Cynthia Anierobi; Gloria Chizoba Eze; Chidimma Maureen Chukwueze; Rutendo Denise Makonyonga; Nkiruka Millicent Amadi; Rifkatu Hassan
To determine the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and iron status of volleyball players in Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total number of 80 subjects were recruited for the study, comprising of 40 subjects before playing volleyball (20 males and 20 females) and 40 subjects after playing volleyball (20 males, 20 females) from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. The data obtained from the study were presented as Mean ± SD in tables and analysed using student t-test for parametric data using SPSS version 20. The level of was set at p<0.05. The results of Table 1 showed that there was increase (p=0.003) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) after playing volleyball compared to before playing volleyball and no significant change (0.079) in iron after playing volleyball compared to before playing volleyball. Table 2 showed that there was no significant increase (p=0.164) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of males compared to females and no significant change (p=0.589) in iron of males compared to females. Table 3 showed that there was no significant increase (p=0.921) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of volleyball players aged 15-25 Years compared to volleyball players aged 26-35 Years and no significant change (p=0.503) in iron of volleyball players aged 15-25 Years compared to volleyball players aged 26-35 Years respectively. The study found an increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in volleyball players after games as opposed to levels before games, demonstrating that physical exercise raises interleukin 6 levels while having no impact on iron levels. significance
Gender-based assessment of tumour necrosis factor – alpha and interleukin – 6 of patients with Schizophrenia in Nigeria
(International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Immune mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology of this schizophrenia and variations in cytokine concentrations have been linked to psychopathology and treatment of schizophrenia which is likely to be associated with immunological abnormalities; however, antipsychotics may induce immune-modulatory effects. The aim of the study is to investigate the changes in serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6in schizophrenic patients based on gender. Total study sample of 100 subjects 50 males and 50 females) with schizophrenia were recruited in this study by stratified random sampling technique. Blood was collected from each subject and levels of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Comparison of serum level of IL-6 between male and female subjects in drug naïve schizophrenic subjects showed no significant difference (P=0.51). Similarly, when mean serum level of TNF-α was compared between male and female subjects, there was no significant difference (P=0.48). Comparison of serum level of IL-6 between male and female schizophrenic subjects after 6 weeks treatment showed no significant difference (P=0.27). Similarly, when mean serum level of TNF-α was compared between male and female subjects, there was no significant difference (P=0.18).
Galinsoga parviflora restored associated motor coordination through increased linear distribution of Purkinje Cells in mercury chloride-induced toxicity of mice’s cerebellum
(African Journal of Cellular Pathology, 2022) John Tabakwot Ayuba; Akeem Ayodeji Okesina; Ibe Michael Usman; Michael Kunle Ajenikoko; Theophilus Pius; Nicholas Kusiima; Saidi Odoma; Mario Fernandez Edga
Mercury (Hg) is a poisonous substance associated with diseases, such as ataxia and Joubert syndrome. Therefore, it is important to find a way to disrupt the process of Hg poisoning in the cerebellum, by exploring the medicinal value of local herb such as Galinsoga parviflora (GP). This study examined the effects of aqueous leaf extract of GP in HgCl2-induced cerebellar toxicity in adult male mice. Twenty-five adult male mice of an average weight of 25 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5). Animals in Group I received oral administration of 2 ml/kg distilled water for 6 weeks, Group II received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for 3 weeks, Group III received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for the first 3 weeks followed by oral administration of 800mg/kg of GP extract for the next 3 weeks, Group IV received 800mg/kg of GP extract for the first 3 weeks followed by 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 for the next three weeks, and Group V received 2.3 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 800 mg/kg of GP extract concurrently for three weeks. The test animals were subjected to beam walking tests during the experiment period, followed by euthanasia, perfusion fixation, and tissue sample collection for histological and histochemical analysis. Treatment with the extract of GP showed varying degrees of regeneration in the cerebellar Purkinje cells and myelin sheath of mice in HgCl2 induced toxicity, with corresponding improvements in balance and posture. Cerebellar HgCl2 exposure in the present study was neurotoxic; however, treatment with GP was of therapeutic value..
Factors Associated With Diarrheal Disease among Children: A Major Cause of Deaths in Developing Countries
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Chetachi Blessing Okwuanaso
Diarrhea remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old worldwide. The burden is disproportionately high among children in low- and middle-income countries. Many studies have established that the diarrhea prevalence is higher in younger children, 6-11 months, and boys than girls. Some studies have revealed that children not washing hand before meals or after defecation, mothers not washing hands before feeding children or preparing food, children eating with their hands rather than with spoons, eating of cold leftovers, dirty feeding bottles and utensils, unhygienic domestic places were associated with risk of diarrhea morbidity in children. In general, the morbidity of diarrhea is lowest in exclusively breast-fed children; it is higher in partially breast-fed children, and highest in fully-weaned children. The preventive practices according to WHO include; breast feeding, improved weaning, use of plenty of water for hygiene and clean water for drinking, hand washing, use of latrines, proper disposal of the stools of young children and immunization against measles, exclusive breast feeding during the first 4- 6 months greatly reduces the risk of severe or fatal diarrhea and the risk of other serious infections are also reduced.
Evaluations of Serum Electrolytes Levels in Kidney Failure Subjects Undergoing Dialysis in Owerri
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Ijeoma Leticia Okoroiwu; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
This study was carried out to determine serum electrolytes levels in kidney failure subjects undergoing dialysis in Owerri. Sixty (60) subjects between the age of eighteen and seventy years were selected for the study. Sodium & Potassium were determined by Emission Flame Photometry and Chloride was determined by Mercuric Nitrate method. The test was calculated statistically to get the means. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant while P>0.05 was considered not statistically significant. The levels of these ions were correlated. Sodium ion concentration was statistically and significantly decreased (p=0.001) in kidney failure subjects undergoing dialysis when compared with the control subjects. There was statistical significant difference (p=0.000) in the mean value of potassium ion concentration in kidney failure subjects undergoing dialysis when compared with the control subjects. There was statistical significant difference (p=0.001) in the mean value of chloride ion concentration in kidney failure subjects undergoing dialysis when compared with the control subjects. There was statistical significant difference (p=0.000) in the mean value of bicarbonate ion in kidney failure subjects undergoing dialysis when compared with the control subjects. There was a significant negative correlation of sodium ion with potassium and bicarbonate ion (r= -0.107, p=0.000; r=-0.192, p=0.000 respectively which indicates an increase in sodium with decrease in potassium and bicarbonate. There was a significant positive correlation of sodium ion with chloride ion (r=-0.185, p=0.000) which indicates increase in sodium leading to increase in chloride. There was a significant negative correlation of potassium ion with chloride (r= -0.130, p=0.000) which indicates increase in potassium leading to a decrease in chloride. There was a significant positive correlation of potassium ion with bicarbonate ion (r=-0.760, p=0.000) which indicates increase in potassium leading to increase in bicarbonate. There was significantly no correlation between chloride ion with bicarbonate ion (r=-0, p=0.000). Sodium, Chloride and Bicarbonate ion concentrations were statistically and significantly increased in kidney failure subjects undergoing dialysis when compared with the control subjects indicating hypernatremia and hyperchloremia and alkalosis respectively while Potassium ion concentrations was decreased indicating hypokalemia. The use of dialysis is effective in balancing the levels of these ions that were abnormally low and high respectively in Kidney failure subjects.
Evaluation Release of Cytokines (Il-6, Il-8, Tnf) Levels in Stored Whole Blood
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Ijeoma Leticia Okoroiwu; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Family planning can help reduce maternal mortality by reducing the number of pregnancies, the number of abortions, and the proportion of births at high risk in Bushenyi District. It has been This study was done to determine the release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF) in stored whole blood. Fifty (50) samples were collected from 50 subjects for the study. These comprise of 25 males and 25 females. The subjects comprise of adults aged 18-40 years with 29 years as the mean age. The study was conducted at GEM Research Laboratories. The IL-6, IL-8 and TNF were assayed respectively for all subjects on 0 day, 14th day and 35th day. The mean levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF were 10.68 pg/ml, 3.40 pg/ml, and 1.43 pg/ml respectively for 0 day, 7.56 pg/ml, 16.52 pg/ml, and 7.88 pg/ml respectively for 14th day, and 5.12 pg/ml, 124.24 pg/ml, and 59.08 pg/ml respectively for 35th day. Significant statistical difference (p<0.05) was observed in IL-6 and IL-8 mean levels across all groups (0/14th day, 0/35th and 14th/35th day) compared except in 0/14th where TNF mean levels showed no significant statistical difference (p>0.05). We recommend pre storage white cell reduction for whole blood and all red cell components.
Ectopic Pregnancy: A Review
(International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Mohamud Hussein Faduma; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Chekwube Catherine Agu; Sophia Kazibwe
Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening gynecological emergency and a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity all over the world. It accounts for 75% of maternal deaths in early pregnancy thus in most developing countries including Uganda, ectopic pregnancy is among the common causes of first-trimester maternal death. All identified risk factors are maternal: pelvic inflammatory disease, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, smoking, tubal surgery, induced conception cycle, and endometriosis. Nonetheless, these risk factors vary from one study to another and from place to place.
Efficacy Assessment of Some Commonly used Disinfectants against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Isolates from a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Benin City, Nigeria
(Newport International Journal of Scientific and Experimental Sciences (NIJSES), 2023) Samson O. Onemu; Oluyemisi Odeyemi; Matthew Eturhobore Adu; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
The ever-rising numbers of multidrug resistant, MDR bacteria in healthcare facilities globally has correspondingly led to a rapid escalation in the use of disinfectants, antiseptics or biocides which reached unprecedented levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has also elicited grave apprehension about the development of resistance to disinfectants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of some regularly used disinfectants in the study population. Five brands of disinfectants were obtained and diluted in sterile 300 ppm calcium carbonatenutrient broth to their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations, MICs to which were exposed broth cultures of MDR organisms for 2 min before sampling onto nutrient agar plates in replicates. Further samples were taken
Evaluation of Haematological Parameters of Bankers in Calabar Metropolis
(International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, 2023) Valerie Esame Njar; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Marycynthia U. Umeokwoaka
This study assessed some haematological parameters of bankers in Calabar metropolis. A total of 100 people (male and female) between the age of 21 and 60 were recruited for this research, 50 bankers and 50 non-bankers who served as control. 4mls of blood was collected by venipuncture into an EDTA bottle for full blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Using Microhaematocrit method for packed cell volume (PCV), visual manual method for total white cell count and platelet count, cyanmethaemoglobin method for haemoglobin estimation and, Westergren’s method for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results were expressed as means ± standard deviation, while student’s t-test and analysis of variance was used for comparison of means; P was statistically significant at <0.05.Of all the haematological parameters analyzed, there was a significant increase in basophil and a decrease in PCV and platelet count (0.06 ± 0.31× 1012, 0.42 ± 0.05 l/l, 283.32 ± 78.20× 109) in bankers when compared with the control (0.30 ± 0.65× 1012, 0.35 ± 0.41 l/l, 253.48 ± 71.18× 109) respectively. It also shows that there was a significant reduction in the PCV and the haemoglobin concentration mean ± standard deviation of female bankers (130.72±20.87, 0.40 ± 0.04 l/l) compared to their male counterparts (156.50±26.07, 0.48 ± 0.05 l/l). This study also reveals that based on the duration of service, ESR was (14.44 ± 8.40 mm/hr.) amongst those who have been working for 6 – 10 years, while those who have worked for less than 6years had an ESR of (9.23 ± 7.31). Pearson’s correlation showed a strong positive association between PCV and haemoglobin concentration that was significant.
Evaluation of Care-Takers Awareness, Training and Approaches in the Management of Diarrhea in Children in Nawampiti Parish
(IAA Journal of Scientific Research, 2023) Stanley Kalenzi
In Uganda diarrhea is among the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Uganda had the highest number of under-five child deaths (145,000) in the world and is one of the 42 countries in the world that contributed about 90% of all under five childhood deaths in the world. Diarrhea can occur as a symptom of many different illnesses, and as a side effect of some drugs. This study aimed at determining the knowledge, practice and attitude that care takers have in managing of diarrhea in children of five years of age and below as well as establishing the treatment given. Data was collected from 75 people among the community by the use of preceded response schedule, any child care taker of any sex who was found in the home aged five years and consented to be interviewed was recruited in this study. The data was analyzed by Microsoft word, results presented in a tabular form and short comments were discussed. The mean age of respondents was 37 years; the majority of the respondents were females 96%. The largest population 41.3% had attained formal education, while at least 36% had primary level education. 40% percent of the respondents mentioned using antidiarrheal drugs and 40 percent of the care takers gave oral fluids instead of drugs. 90.7% of the mothers knew about ORS but only 29% of these knew how to prepare it. 42.7% of others knew about sugar salt solution but only 9.4% could prepare it well. 96% of the respondents had positive attitude towards treatment while 46% did not believe in using traditional treatment. 25.3% believed in using both traditional and medical treatment. 40% of the mothers believed that increased feeding Intensifies diarrhea. Poor knowledge was associated with low education level, most respondents were house wives, and most population lives on peasant farming and small-scale trading hence poor knowledge including poor practice and attitude were found in area of low social economic status than elsewhere. The findings in this research shows that most respondents still lack adequate knowledge, appropriate practice and attitude about treatment of diarrhea in children.
Evaluation of Occurrence and Factors associated with Tuberculosis amid HIV Positive Adults Attending ART Clinic in Amuria District
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Ekemu, William
The prevalence of TB is increasing in many countries and is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. Infection with HIV likewise, has emerged as the most important predisposing factor for developing TB in people co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective of study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Tuberculosis among HIV positive adults attending ART clinic in Amuria health Centre IV in Amuria district. A cross sectional study design, descriptive in nature was used in which a total of 150 clients participated. Majority of participants were aged 30-40 with 36%, of this patients, 97(64.67%) were female and 53(35.3%) were males. TB incidence was 7.33% males were sputum positive and sputum positive females were 5.33% which totaled to 12.66% positive respondents. Among the social exposure characteristics, exposure characteristics, 60.67% responded yes to asked questions and 39.33% replied no to the questions with 28% in smoking cigarettes. Environmental factors, overcrowding showed highest percentage (16%), followed by non-permanent housing (15.33%). The findings highlight, occupation, age (31-50), low education level, smoking status, alcohol intake, and overcrowding, unemployment associated with TB co infection. There is need for on-going educational, informational and other interventions to address the risk factors of tuberculosis in HIV Adults in order to decrease the rate of TB co-infection
Evaluation of Hematological Parameters of Sickle Cell Anemia Patients with Osteomyelitis in A Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria
(Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Sickle cell anaemia is a single point mutation in the globin chain of position 6 resulting from valine replacing glutamic acid leading to sickling and polymerization of the red cells causing the crisis in the patients. The study was done to determine the changes in haematological parameters of sickle cell anaemia patients with osteomyelitis. The study was done in a tertiary hospital in Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred subjects were recruited for the study (50 subjects were sickle cell anaemia with osteomyelitis and 50 subjects were apparently healthy individuals. The haematological parameters were determined using automation. The results showed decrease in RBC, Haemoglobin, PCV, lymphocytes and increase in WBC and monocytes. The osteomyelitis in the sickle cell anaemia patients could suppress the bone marrow resulting the observed changes in the haematological parameters studied.
Evaluation of plasma levels of interleukin 6 and iron status of baseketball players in Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
(Academic journal of heath science, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Oghenenyerhovwo Udjor
Aim: The study was done to determine the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and iron status of basketball players in Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: A total number of 80 subjects were recruited for the study, comprising of 40 subjects before playing basketball (20 males and 20 females) and 40 subjects after playing basketball (20 males, 20 females) from Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria. The data obtained from the study were presented as Mean ± SD in tables and analysed using student t-test for parametric data using SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A significant increase (p=0.002) was found in interleukin 6 (IL-6) after playing basketball compared to before playing basketball and no significant change (0.276) in iron after playing basketball compared to before playing basketball respectively. It was also observed that there was no significant increase (p=0.115) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of males compared to females and no significant change in iron (p=0.770) of males compared to females respectively. There was no significant increase (p=0.115) in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of basketball players aged 15 to 25 years compared to basketball players aged 26 to 35 years and no significant change in iron (p=0.770) of basketball players aged 15 to 25 years compared to volleyball players aged 26 to 35 years respectively. Conclusions: The study showed increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) of the basketball players after playing compared to the level before playing which shows that the physical activity increases the level of interleukin 6 and but has no effect on the iron level after basketball game
Evaluation of Sanitation Management at Bassajabalaba Secondary School in Bushenyi District Ishaka Municipality
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Kato Hakiimu
Inadequate sanitation has been found to be a major problem in primary schools and now as Universal Primary Education (UPE) begins to offload pupils into the secondary school system, the same problem might begin to affect secondary schools. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate sanitation management at Bassajjabalaba Secondary School Bushenyi District in Ishaka Municipality. The required information was gathered using four methods namely, indepth interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, and observation. Two categories of respondents were used including head teachers and students. It was found that although the sampled secondary school on a variety of sanitation facilities, there is generally inadequate coverage of sanitation facilities at the school, and the phenomenon is exacerbated by the ever-increasing student population due to increasing enrolment for secondary education resulting from Universal Primary Education. The cleanliness of the available sanitation facilities is not at its best and this forms part of the reasons why some students ignore using facilities and instead opt for use of bushes around the school. It was recommended that there is a need to develop sanitation programs under which the challenge should be tackled right from the root rather than attempting to manage the resultant consequences. School administrations need to prioritize the aspect of sanitation and hygiene.
Evaluation of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa District, Eastern Uganda
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2023) Mungoma, Derick
Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital. With different educational standards, awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. The researcher recommends continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. Also, hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as a measure of disinfecting the hands before or after handling a patient is encouraged.