Journal Articles

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2015 Outbreak of Canine Rabies in Malaysia: Review, Analysis and Perspectives
(Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2015-12-30) Bamaiyi Pwaveno H.
Rabies is an acute fatal zoonotic encephalitis caused by a Lyssavirus belonging to the family rhabdoviridae responsible for about 69000 deaths annually. In July, 2015 Malaysia lost its rabies free status due to an outbreak of canine rabies that started from Perlis state and later moved to Kedah and Pulau Pinang states of Malaysia. This study was carried out to review available data on rabies and determine the incidence of rabies during the outbreak, the susceptible population of dogs, the number of dogs culled, the number of dogs vaccinated and lessons that can be learned from the outbreak using data principally from the OIE and other public domain sources. Statistical calculations employed chi square analysis at 95% confidence level using SPSS version 22. The incidence of rabies was 0.10% (CI= 0.05%, 0.18%). There was significant difference (P<0.0001) between the number of cases, number of susceptible dogs, number of dogs destroyed and number of dogs vaccinated between the 3 states in Malaysia with Perlis having the highest number of cases, Kedah having the highest number of susceptible dogs, Pulau Pinang having the highest number of culled dogs but with the least number of vaccinated dogs and Kedah having the highest number of vaccinated dogs. Perlis had the highest number of cases followed by Pulau Pinang. Kedah with the highest number of vaccinations recorded only 1 case of rabies. There was no case of human rabies despite numerous dog bite cases during the outbreak. The proximity of the 3 states especially Perlis to a rabies endemic country must have led to the outbreak of the infection. Mass vaccination of dogs along with short term targeted culling is important in stopping rabies outbreaks. Territories within close proximity to endemic locations must maintain more surveillance against transboundary diseases like rabies. Post exposure prophylaxis is necessary immediately after exposure to rabies to prevent human infection.
3D Printing Technology – Applications, Benefits and areas of opportunity in Nigeria
(IJAAR, 2017-03) Oluwole, Raji, Ibrahim
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, often referred to as additive manufacturing differs from traditional manufacturing processes in that 3D objects are built by successively creating layers of material on top of each other. Since development in 1980s, 3D printing has undergone technological transformation that could fundamentally alter production processes in a wide set of applicable areas. Despite the accelerated advancement, both in academic research and industrial application that 3D printing technology has witnessed in diverse areas of human endeavor especially in advanced countries; the technology is relatively at its infant stage in developing countries like Nigeria. Thus, this work attempts to address the underrepresentation of research that is specifically concerned with the impacts that 3D printing can make in diverse sectors in developing countries like Nigeria. It addresses this issue by focusing its investigations on the applications of the technology, derivable benefits from the application of the technology as well as diverse areas where 3D printing can present a great deal of opportunities for Nigeria.
A block chain-based framework for records management in land registry system in Uganda:
(Kampala International University, 2024-04) Keneth, Niyibizi
Blockchain is rapidly becoming established as the core technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. By combining blockchain to improve processes in existing industries, innovative of new services will emerge, but services not effectively applied by blockchain will also develop. This study investigated the factors to be considered when applying the characteristics of blockchain technology to land records management (Security, Economic and Decentration ). I designed a blockchain-based framework for land records management using the Delphi and analytic hierarchy process methods. The Delphi method is used to identify highly effective blockchain application factors by applying the evaluation framework to actual adoption in the public sector. By proposing a blockchain-based framework for blockchain application services, this study provides a systematic foundation for blockchain business review. Blockchains are expected to become more active along with the full-scale digital transformation of industries, and thus, we must examine the ways to broadly use blockchain as a base technology in a form applicable to the diverse industries and societies constituting the digital economy. Accordingly, this study presents an blockchain-based framework for promoting transparency and a protected digital information for land records management systems.
A Cultural-Pragmatic Investigation of Tattoos among the Youth in Kampala-Uganda
(Kampala International University, 2019) Susan Olajoke Akinkurolere; David Masereka
It is increasingly becoming a common practice to get people with tattoos, especially the youth, in Uganda today. In the past, tattoos were reserved for special subgroups like seamen (sailors), and motorcycle riders (bikers). However, it is now prevalent in other segments of the population, especially the young people. To many, tattoos are still strange and mysterious. It is, therefore, imperative to investigate perceptions of such an act in order to bring to fore meanings that either justify or invalidate the trend. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods in the analysis. It was discovered that tattooing is premised on deep-root cultural meaning and beliefs. This study, therefore, concluded that ancient tattooing was intricately woven around the cultural perception of tattoos among the young people and their underlying reasons for the practice, which is generally accepted, whereas, modern tattooing is a practice that majority of the youth do not seem to embrace, considering it foreign, merely imported and obscene, relating it mostly to negative behaviours or vices in the society.
A thorough examination of Open Data Initiatives in East Africa, focusing on how they improve the accessibility of data
(RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES, 2024) Echegu Darlington Arinze
Despite the progress made in infrastructure and technology, East Africa, which includes nations such as Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and South Sudan, nevertheless has difficulties in terms of data accessibility, transparency, and governance. Timely, accurate, and relevant data is essential for sustainable growth, efficient policy creation, and informed decision-making. In the past, the availability and accessibility of data from East Africa have been limited, which has impeded efforts to tackle socioeconomic challenges such as healthcare delivery, environmental sustainability, and poverty reduction. Enhancing the accessibility and transparency of data is crucial for promoting progress and development. This study investigates open data projects in East Africa, specifically analysing their influence, difficulties, and potential advantages. The projects have the goal of making data access more accessible to everyone and promoting innovation. However, they encounter obstacles such as problems with the quality of data, gaps in capability, restrictions imposed by policies, and limitations in finance. Methods to address these challenges including boosting systems for ensuring the quality of data, bolstering efforts to increase capacity, refining regulatory frameworks, and promoting collaboration among stakeholders. Case studies in agriculture, health, and urban planning illustrate the significant influence of open data efforts, which promote socio-economic progress by fostering openness, accountability, innovation, and public empowerment. Nevertheless, obstacles such as data quality, deficiencies in capability, restrictions imposed by policies, and limitations in finance impede the complete realisation of the full potential of open data. We utilised relevant public data from varied and credible databases spanning the years 2004 to 2014. To summarise, open data projects have significant potential to promote sustainable development in East Africa. Stakeholders may harness the revolutionary potential of data by tackling obstacles and seizing favourable circumstances, therefore promoting comprehensive development and innovation for the region's socio-economic progress.
Abnormal Lipid Profile Level in Neonates and Possible Development of Atherosclerosis in Adulthood: Mini Review
(International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2024) Mathias Abiodun Emokpae; Timothy God-Giveth Olusegun; Oluwasina Moses Egbeyemi; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
The lipid profile during the neonatal period plays a pivotal role in determining the future risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Abnormal lipid levels in neonates have been associated with an increased propensity for the development of atherosclerosis later in life. This review aims to explore the significance of abnormal lipid profiles in neonates and their potential implications for the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood. The discussion encompasses the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in early life, the impact of various factors on lipid levels in neonates, and the long-term consequences of abnormal lipid profiles. Understanding the relationship between neonatal lipid profiles and the risk of atherosclerosis in adulthood is crucial for developing preventive strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases in later life. This review synthesizes idea from existing literature to provide insights into the importance of early lipid assessment and its implications for long-term cardiovascular health.
Academic Challenges faced by Students in Higher Education during COVID-19 Pandemic
(2020-07) Uzorka, Afam; Makeri, Yakubu Ajiji
This research examines academic challenges faced by students in Higher Education during COVID-19 pandemic. The population of the study consisted of undergraduates, postgraduates and lecturers in selected universities in Uganda. The researchers adopted qualitative approach which involved the use of questionnaire and interview. 120 students and 10 lecturers participated in the study. Questionnaires using a 5 point Likert-scale were administered to all 120 respondents while interviews were conducted with 5 undergraduates, 5 postgraduates and 10 lecturers. Data analyses indicated seven main academic challenges faced by students in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic namely: lack of e-learning facilities, financial constrain, Conducive environment, teachers attitude, learning new skills, lack of interest and stress and anxiety. Based on the findings, there is need for adjustment requiring all tiers of education to respond to a new and evolving strategy in order to have a continuous flow in education process, making education accessible, affordable, anytime and anywhere, mitigating and restraining the effects of any gaps created by any form of disruption in education system
Academic Challenges faced by Students in Higher Education during COVID-19 Pandemic
(Kampala International University, 2020-07) Afam Uzorka,; Yakubu Ajiji Makeri
This research examines academic challenges faced by students in Higher Education during COVID-19 pandemic. The population of the study consisted of undergraduates, postgraduates and lecturers in selected universities in Uganda. The researchers adopted qualitative approach which involved the use of questionnaire and interview. 120 students and 10 lecturers participated in the study. Questionnaires using a 5 point Likert-scale were administered to all 120 respondents while interviews were conducted with 5 undergraduates, 5 postgraduates and 10 lecturers. Data analyses indicated seven main academic challenges faced by students in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic namely: lack of e-learning facilities, financial constrain, Conducive environment, teachers attitude, learning new skills, lack of interest and stress and anxiety. Based on the findings, there is need for adjustment requiring all tiers of education to respond to a new and evolving strategy in order to have a continuous flow in education process, making education accessible, affordable, anytime and anywhere, mitigating and restraining the effects of any gaps created by any form of disruption in education system.
Acceptance of Electronic Health Record for Improving Quality of Health Service Delivery: Case Study of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
(Kampala International University, 2017) Shehu, Ibrahim; Kinene Nsereko, Amaal; Shamsudeen A., Sanni
This study investigated acceptance of EHRs for Improving Quality of Health Service Delivery at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, which is the largest teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria. Findings indicated that study participants accept and use EHRs in order to enhance their job performance and believed that the system is very useful in their work. EHRs improves Service Quality and most of the antecedents of technology adoption (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions) are significantly correlated (p<.01, p<.05) with Quality of EHRs, but fall short with Employee Satisfaction.Acceptance of EHRs has brought tremendous changes to the healthcare service and there is need to upgrade the functionality of the EHRs for sustainability.
Acclimatization to Professional Ethical Standards by Academic Staff in Nigeria’s Tertiary Institutions of Learning
(OAPUB, 2023-10-12) Idhalama, Ogagaoghene Uzezi; Aluede, Oyaziwo; Adedotun, Kikelomo Oluwayemisi
This article investigated the extent to which academic staff completes their course outlines before examinations; the state of harassment of students by academic staff; the rate at which examination questions are leaked to students by academic staff; the rate at which academic staff is involved in issues of plagiarism and the level of fair evaluation and non-discrimination of students by academic staff. The study used the descriptive (survey) research design. A total of 171 academic staff selected through convenience sampling participated in the study. The instrument used in this study was constructed by current researchers, which was content validated and it also yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.81. Findings revealed that the majority of the lecturers in Nigerian tertiary institutions ensured that they complete their course outlines before final examinations, and are not found wanting in terms of harassing their students in any form. The study further revealed that the rate at which examination questions are leaked to students by academic staff remains very low. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that workshops on ethics be organized for academic staff that will be geared towards helping to bring to zero level incidence of unethical activities in tertiary institutions of learning in Nigeria.
Acquisition and management of serials in selected academic libraries in Edo state of Nigeria
(University of Dar es Salaam Library, 2019-05-23) Idhalama, Ogagaoghene Uzezi; Obi, Alexander Ifeayi
This study investigated acquisition and management of serials in academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria. Four (4) research objectives were formulated for this study. These were to: determine how serial collections are acquired in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria; investigate how serials are organized for easy retrieval in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria; find out how serials are preserved in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria; and solicit solutions for improving the management of serials in the selected academic libraries in Edo State of Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a total of 14 (fourteen) academic libraries in Edo State from which a sample of 173 respondents was generated using a total enumeration sampling technique. The study used a structured questionnaire; the copies were completed and returned by 57.8% of the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages (%), mean (X), and standard deviation (SD) to meet the study’s objectives. The study’s results have revealed that academic libraries in the study area acquire serials through various methods and use various means to organize them for easy retrieval. The libraries also use various methods to preserve their serials. Regarding improving serial management, the study findings have come up with a number of ways to do so. Based on the findings, the study recommends among others that academic curriculum should be enriched with serial skill acquisition and management contents; and academic libraries should consider acquiring more e-serials because it is very easy to manage and do not get damaged.
Acute care surgery in Rwanda: Operative epidemiology and geographic variations in access to care
(Elsevier Inc, 2015) Kyamanywa, Patrick
Background. Surgical management of emergent, life-threatening diseases is an important public health priority. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe acute care general surgery procedures performed at the largest referral hospital in Rwanda and (2) understand the geographic distribution of disease presentations and referral patterns. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected acute care surgery cases performed at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) in Rwanda between June 1 and December 1, 2011. Using Pearson’s v 2 test and the Fisher exact test, we compared cases originating from within Kigali and transfers from other provinces. Geospatial analyses also were used to further describe transfer patterns. Results. During the study period, 2,758 surgical interventions were performed, of which 25.6% (707/ 2,758) were general surgery operations. Of these, 45.4% (321/707) met the definition of acute care surgery. Only about one-third---32.3% (92/285)---of patients resided within Kigali, whereas about twothirds--- 67.7% (193/285)---were transferred from other provinces. Most patients transferred from other provinces were younger than 18 years of age (40.4%; 78/193), and 83.0% (39/47) of patients older than 50 years of age originated from outside of Kigali. Specific operative indications and surgical procedures varied substantially between patients from Kigali and patients transferred from other provinces. Conclusion. Emergency surgical conditions remain important contributors to the global burden of disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Geographic variations exist in terms of operative diagnoses and procedures, which implies a need for improved access to surgical care at the district level with defined transfer mechanisms to greater-level care facilities when needed.
Adjusting to Deliver Quality Education in Response to COVID-19
(2020-07) Uzorka Afam, Ajiji Makere Yakubu
With school closure across the globe due to coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), students can continue their education through e-learning platforms.
Adjusting to Deliver Quality Education in Response to COVID-19
(Kampala International University, 2020-07-25) Afam Uzorka (PhD),; Yakubu Ajiji Makere (PhD)
With school closure across the globe due to coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), students can continue their education through e-learning platforms.
Adoption and use of e- technologies in selected commercial banks in Uganda
(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013) Conrad, Mubaraka M; Uba, Zacharia; Gokyalya, Solome
This reports the findings of the study issues concerning the adoption and use of e-technologies in selected commercial banks in Uganda.‭ ‬This study investigates the use of e-technologies services and research framework is based on adoption and usefulness of e-technologies to banks in Uganda.‭ ‬This theory survey was conducted to gather the data on adoption and use of e-technologies.‭ ‬Using a cross sectional survey design,‭ ‬the researchers found that much as most E-technologies are in place in these banks,‭ ‬there is still low level of adoption due to low levels of IT exposure by both bank staff and customers.‭ ‬The researchers thus recommend that several on the job training sessions be organized for staff and go extra mile to train customers as well
Adoption of E-Learning Technologies in Education Institutions/Organizations
(Kampala International University, 2017) Baingana J. K.
Although the advent of E-Learning Technologies presents the best cost effective strategy to teaching and learning, the success of these innovations primarily depends on their adoption. Investment in E-Learning Technologies alone by different institutions/organizations is not enough as its full benefits can only be realized from their full utilization. E-Learning Technologies if well utilized have the capacity to enhance students critical thinking, eliminate geographical barriers, support lifelong learning, reduce costs and increase efficiency at education institutions. E-Learning Technologies are technologies which are based on the backbone of ICT infrastructure. For this reason the Information & Communication Technology adoption models are useful in explaining E-Learning Technologies adoption. A number of models/theories which explain and predict user behaviors and intentions to adopt technologies have been advanced. For this discussion the following models were selected and analyzed, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the origin technology acceptance model (TAM), the TOE framework & the revised TAM model.
Adoption of e-learning technologies in education institutions/organizations: a literature review
(Asian Journal of Educational Research, 2017-10-25) Kimwise, Alone; Jehopio, Peter; Maiga, Gilbert
Although the advent of E-Learning Technologies presents the best cost effective strategy to teaching and learning, the success of these innovations primarily depends on their adoption. Investment in E-Learning Technologies alone by different institutions/organizations is not enough as its full benefits can only be realized from their full utilization. E-Learning Technologies if well utilized have the capacity to enhance students critical thinking, eliminate geographical barriers, support lifelong learning, reduce costs and increase efficiency at education institutions. E-Learning Technologies are technologies which are based on the backbone of ICT infrastructure. For this reason the Information & Communication Technology adoption models are useful in explaining E-Learning Technologies adoption. A number of models/theories which explain and predict user behaviors and intentions to adopt technologies have been advanced. For this discussion the following models were selected and analyzed, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the origin technology acceptance model (TAM), the TOE framework & the revised TAM model.
Adoption of E-Learning technologies in education Institutions/organizations: A Literature Review
(Kampala International University, 2017-10-25) Kimwise, Alone
Although the advent of E-Learning Technologies presents the best cost effective strategy to teaching and learning, the success of these innovations primarily depends on their adoption. Investment in E-Learning Technologies alone by different institutions/organizations is not enough as its full benefits can only be realized from their full utilization. E-Learning Technologies if well utilized have the capacity to enhance students critical thinking, eliminate geographical barriers, support lifelong learning, reduce costs and increase efficiency at education institutions. E-Learning Technologies are technologies which are based on the backbone of ICT infrastructure. For this reason the Information & Communication Technology adoption models are useful in explaining E-Learning Technologies adoption. A number of models/theories which explain and predict user behaviors and intentions to adopt technologies have been advanced. For this discussion the following models were selected and analyzed, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the origin technology acceptance model (TAM), the TOE framework & the revised TAM model.
Adoption of e–tax services in Uganda: a model of citizen–based factors
(Inderscience Publishers, 2013) Maiga, Gilbert; Asianzu, Elizabeth
Diverse benefits of e–government services are linked to its adoption and usage. E–government adoption rates in economically transiting countries remain low and so its benefits are not fully realised. This is partly due to governments focusing largely on technical supply–side factors with little emphasis on the demand or citizens' perspective of e–government adoption. The result has been a gap between what is offered and what is consumed. This paper presents the results of a study that develops a model for e–tax service adoption as an attempt to bridge the gap for this segment of e–government. Requirements for the model elicited in a field study are used to extend the technology acceptance model (TAM) which emphasizes citizen–based factors for e–tax adoption. The extended model has dimensions of adoption benefits, trust, attitudes, education, compatibility, awareness, accessibility, training, user support and local language use. It is generic and reusable for other countries in similar context.
Advancements in Immune Augmentation Strategies for HIV Patients
(IAA Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther Ugo Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu
The management of HIV has witnessed a transformative shift owing to innovative approaches aimed at bolstering immune status in affected individuals. The landscape of HIV treatment has undergone a profound transformation with the emergence of innovative approaches dedicated to fortifying the immune status of individuals living with the virus. This abstract provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of groundbreaking strategies aimed at augmenting immune health in HIV patients. Encompassing advancements in immunotherapy, personalized medicine, lifestyle modifications, and telemedicine, this overview highlights the promising trajectory and potential impact of these novel interventions in the realm of HIV care. By exploring the multifaceted dimensions of immune enhancement strategies, this abstract sets the stage for a deeper understanding of these innovative approaches and their pivotal role in shaping the future of HIV management

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