Masters of Public Health
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- ItemCombating the Spread of COVID-19, the Challenges Faced and Way forward for the International Community: A Review(Open Access Library Journal, 2020) Theophilus Pius; Saphurah Nabaasa; Nicholas Kusiima; Nicholas Kusiima; Ssebuufu RobinsonCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV2 has been a great disaster globally; affecting human lives, world economy, social activities, and above all lack of trust among countries of the world. The dreaded disease has about more than 3,713,796 confirmed cases, 263,288 deaths, and 1,341,059 recovered persons in May 2020. The main purpose of this article is to review measures put in place to combat COVID-19, challenges faced, and way forward for the international community. The study reviewed relevant articles on COVID-19 and measures put in place for combating the spread of COVID-19. The inconsistency in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and unwillingness by the people especially, in developing countries such as Africa has hampered the effective implementation of universal control measures to combat the disease. Also, the lack of a universal approved treatment and lack of trust amongst regions of the world to combat the disease have left many countries to struggle for themselves. The earlier report that the COVID-19 is not airborne and the recent report that is airborne has done more harm than good in terms of preventive measures. Another challenge observed is the lack of a complete understanding of the coronavirus by the scientific community. The association of the COVID-19 with 5G network was another distraction and confusion to the international community in combating the disease as people who were supposed to observe control and preventive measures, found themselves protesting and vandalizing the 5G tower thereby exposing themselves at risk of been infected with coronavirus. There is a need for a consensus on preventive measures and treatment through evidence- based research that will be effective in combating COVID-19 globally. During this global crisis with COVID-19, the international community must decentralize the testing centers to reach out to the rural areas instead of waiting for case reports from such areas. Social network owners should find a way of filtering and controlling information shared during outbreaks and Pandemics in the future.
- ItemFactors of Child Transience and Morbidity in South Sudan.(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2023-02) Mohamed, Ahmed Dawaeibait MohamedThe main objective of this study was to examine factors associated with childhood mortality and morbidity in South Sudan. The specific objectives were to establish childhood mortality, examine the effect of childhood factors on morbidity as well as examining the contribution of mother factors on childhood mortality and morbidity. The study used both descriptive and inferential analysis using secondary data from Second South Sudan household health survey (SSHHS2). Using univariate, bivariate, logistic regression and nested logistic models, the study estimated the odds of dying and survivorship probabilities for under-five mortality. The results provided estimates of childhood mortality by bio-demographic, socio economic characteristics, residence and state level. The results showed unexpected pattern for infant and under five mortality rates across residence, mother education and wealth quintiles. Therefore, these childhood indicators are higher in urban areas (118), primary education (118) and richest household (117). The proportion of children who received all vaccinations is very low (54.1%) compared with those who didn’t receive any vaccinations. Children residing in urban areas (61.8) are more likely to be fully immunized compared to children in rural areas (38.2%). This is due to availability of health facilities in urban areas. The education of the mother has got a very poor relationship with the overall level of child mortality (Chi = 0.647, P-value <0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that birth interval affects survival when there is an interval of less than two years between pregnancies, demonstrating the importance of spacing on child survival. These factors were important in affecting child mortality. These factors may require to be taken into account in efforts that seek to address child mortality in South Sudan. Th~ Childhood contributors to mortality and morbidity risk is diarrhea, because of large number of males and females that took part in the survey had diarrhea at least in the previous weeks prior to the study. Breast feeding, malaria infections were also great contributors to morbidity since they presented infection figures that were high in the study. In order to avoid prevalence of malaria, diarrhea and pneumonia in infants and under five years of age, the government of South Sudan in conjunction with NGOs should implement effective educational programs that aim at promoting and prolonging breastfeeding that may have a considerable effect on child survival.
- ItemEffects of Mental Health Clinic Services in Khartoum Sudan(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2022-04) Fadul, Ishag Issa TagilABSTRACT The study factors affecting mental health clinic services in Sudan: Methodology: A health facility based descriptive cross sectional study design was used for this research. A total of 208 mental patients in remission phase were enrolled from four purposively selected health facilities in Sudan. Additionally eight key informants were interviewed. Data was generated using a questionnaire about social demographic factors, socioeconomic and health facility factors that influenced mental health clinic attendance, and key informant interviews provided in depth information on factors influencing regular clinic attendance. Results: Results indicated that majority 41.8% of the respondents were aged between 25-34 years, and more than half (53.4%) were females. Factors affecting regular clinic attendance included, having a care taker, (P-value 0.05) having someone in charge of treatment costs (p-value 0.002) and having a relative with mental disorder (p-value 0.01) and incurring no cost on transport,(p-value 0.03) Health facility factors affecting clinic attendance included distance to facility, drug availability, health facility accessibility and awareness of service, (p-value 0.005). Conclusion: The study recommends need to develop and promote interventions to economically empower families and people affected by mental illness so that they can sustain themselves an visit mental health clinic regularly to ensure continued stability. Additionally medications should be regularly stocked at the health centers to enable patients be able to access them whenever they visit the clinics for review.
- ItemAntiretroviral therapy adherence among patients Attending Hargeisa group hospital Hiv clinic, Hargeisa, Somaliland(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2013-11) Adam, Dr. Haibeh FarahBACKGROUND: ART adherence varies in different regions of the world. Garcia et al (2006) had examined the relationship between self-reported adherence and viral load suppression. The study showed that 76% of those reported adherence had a viral suppression versus only 25% of subjects reported non-adherence (Rosa, 2006). No previous similar studies were done in Somaliland. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed antiretroviral therapy adherence among patients attending Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH) in Hargeisa, Somaliland. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A sample of 271 of patients on ART at the HIV Clinic was interviewed and their CD4 documents reviewed. Key informant interviews were held for 4 people from the clinic staff and management. A chi square test was used to ascertain the relationship of independent variables with the dependent variable. RESULTS: The study has shown that 80.8% of respondents adhered to ART at 95% or more of the time. The study also has found that coming on foot to the clinic, living far from the clinic and being newly diagnosed with HN were factors that led to ART non-adherence behavior. The study also assessed other factors that were found to be not related to ART adherence in this clinic. These factors include age, gender, education, marital status, patient's knowledge of HIV and ARTs, family size and previous hospitalizations among other factors. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The study found that the respondents who come on foot to the clinic, those lived far from the clinic and those diagnosed with HIV less than 3 years ago were less likely to adhere to ART. The researcher is recommending, making the services closer to the community by opening more clinics or by outreach programs.
- ItemAssessment of factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with less than 2 years Children in Hodan district, Mogadishu, Somalia(Kampala international international: School of Health Sciences, 2013-11) Ahmed, Mulki DirieBackground: Exclusive breast feeding is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as giving breast milk alone for the first 6 months of life. World Health Organization recommends Mothers to breastfeed babies exclusively in the first six months. Breastfeeding and good nutrition for children are essential for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, particularly the goals relating to child survival. Breastfeeding is known to be the best way to feed infants by providing the psychological and health benefit to both the mother and the child. It is therefore considered physiologically, biochemically, immunologically and psychologically suited for this. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with less than 2years children in Hodan district, Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods Community based cross sectional study was carried out among mothers with less than 2years children in Hodan district, Mogadishu, Somalia, selected using cluster and simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by interviewer oral structured questionnaire and it was entered and analyzed by using SPSS for windows version 16.0. The proportion was used to describe the results and it was presented in the form of figures and tables. Findings: A total of 424 mothers with less than 2 years children were interviewed. The ever exclusive breastfeeding rate in this study was 23.3%. And 65.6% breast feed less than 6 months without adding other foods, and .I% feed for over 6 months. The timely initiation rate of breastfeeding within one hour found in this study was 49.3% respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: Basing on the results of the study the socio-demographie factors studied in this study were not significantly affecting to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding except marital status and occupation of the mother. A range of characteristics affects the practice of timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Coordination, strengthening and sustaining of the existing strategies and approaches for further improvement of optimal breastfeeding practice is recommended