Masters of International Relations and Diplomacy

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    African Union Member States Interventions and Promotion of Pan-Africanism: A Study of Uganda
    (2024) Eric Musana
    The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between African Union member states interventions and promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda. The study was guided by three specific objectives that included; (i) To assess the effect of Diplomatic Engagement on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda, (ii) To establish the effect of Economic cooperation on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda, and (iii) To assess the effect of Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda. This study was guided by Dependency Theory, which was formulated by Raúl Prebisch, an Argentine economist, in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Prebisch, serving as the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), developed this theory in response to the economic challenges faced by developing countries, particularly in Latin America. Dependency Theory is pertinent when examining the interventions of African Union member states and their efforts to promote Pan-Africanism. The theory posits that developing nations, including those in Africa, are influenced by external forces and dominant powers (Durand & Milberg, 2019). This study utilizes Dependency Theory to analyze the extent to which interventions are driven by the economic or political interests of external actors and to assess their impact on Pan-African goals. The study was based on correlational research design. The study targeted respondents with varying knowledge on Pan Africanism which included; members of parliament of Uganda, Diplomatic officials in Uganda, political parties’ representatives, Civil Society Representatives, Delegates from African Union Commission (AUC) Liaison Office in Uganda and Delegates from African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) National Secretariat. These were chosen using both simple random and purposing techniques and Slovene’s formula (1932) to determine a sample of 251. The study findings indicated that, the diplomatic engagement is meant to spur States to focus on capacity building and encourage each other to invest in an effort to build strong foundations. The study findings further show that economic cooperation between countries enhances trade and boosts economic growth. In conclusion though, the study concluded that there was a positively significant effect of diplomatic engagement on Promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda (r= .461, Pvalue < 0.01) which implied that diplomatic engagement will result into a corresponding good and improved Promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda. The study also concluded that there was a positive and moderately significant effect of Economic cooperation on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda (r =.597, P-value < 0.01) which implied that economic cooperation has promoted Pan-Africanism in Uganda which enhances trade and boosts economic growth; and hence bilateral economic agreements promote investment and create job opportunities. And lastly, the study concluded that there was a positive and significant effect of Peacekeeping on Conflict Resolution in Uganda, and this was indicated by the F-value=25.992 and Sig-value=.000, since the sig. value (0.000) was less than 0.05 and which is the maximum level of significance required to declare a significant effect. The study however recommended that a collective need to work to sustain the positive synergies and mutual reinforcement between security, democratic political reforms, and economic growth.
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    United Nations Mission and Peace-Building in Mogadishu, Somalia
    (Kampala International University, 2023-08-03) Mohamed, Zakarie Ahmed
    This study sought to examine the impact of the United Nations Mission on peace-building in Mogadishu, Somalia. The objectives of the study are to: establish the relationship between restoration and extension of state Authority and peace-building in Mogadishu, Somalia; assess the relationship between protection of civilians and peace-building in Mogadishu, Somalia; and assess the relationship between protection of natural resources and peace-building in Mogadishu, Somalia. A descriptive Correlational research design was used to determine whether and to what extent the relationship between two or more variables exists. The mixed-method approach (triangulation) i.e. qualitative and quantitative methods to data collection were used to supplement each other. Qualitative methods provided in-depth explanation while quantitative methods provided the data needed to test hypotheses. The study population involved 160 participants and these included; 20 UNISOM top administrators, 140 UN Peace keepers who were available. The sample size of the study consisted of 114 respondents of the target population. Study findings indicated that there are different ways in how the restoration and extension of state Authority affects peace-building in Mogadishu, Somalia, and this was together rated by the respondents as satisfactory with (Overall mean= 4.21 & SD= 0.46), implying that majority of the respondents affirmed that the restoration and extension of state Authority influenced peace-building in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study concluded that the besides restoring peace and security, the UN peacekeepers also have the mandate to help in facilitating the exercise of authority of governments in conflict environments. Furthermore, when armed groups’ access to conflict resources is curtailed, they sometimes turn on the local populations, either to obtain funding through extortion. Hence, the deployment of UN troops in resource rich areas has been viewed as a necessity. Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate political processes, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support constitutional processes and the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law and extending legitimate state authority. The study recommends that the UN should develop a permanent structure and the capacity for mission management and support along the lines of its department of Peacekeeping Operations. This will enable the UN to plan new missions properly and provide the necessary technical leadership and support for missions already established.
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    Counter-Terrorism Measures and National Security in Mogadishu Somalia
    (Kampala International University, 2023-09) Musse, Mohamed Shueib
    This study was aimed at examining the impact of Somalia Counterterrorism efforts on national security in Mogadishu, Somalia. It was guided by three objectives of; (i) To examine the effect of the pursue strategy of Counterterrorism efforts on national security in Somalia; using Mogadishu City as a case study, (ii) To explain the impact of the prevent strategy of Counterterrorism efforts on national security in Somalia; using Mogadishu City as a case study, and (iii) To determine the impact of the prepare and protect strategy of Counterterrorism on national security in Somalia; using Mogadishu City as a case study. The study adopted both descriptive and correlations research designs to investigate the parameters of the study. In this case, both qualitative and quantitative. The target population of this research was 29,057 from which a sample of 205 was selected from, using Scott Smith, (2013): (Z value)2 X. The collected data was edited, coded, organized and entered into the computer for analysis. After data entry, all errors were eliminated and frequency analysis was done such that descriptive analysis was computed. The study findings indicated that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of pursue strategy of Counter Terrorism on national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City (r= .610, P-value < 0.01). This implied that pursue strategy of counter-terrorism, it will result into a corresponding good and improved National Security in Somalia. Further, the study shows that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of prevent strategy of Counter Terrorism efforts on national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City (r =.597, P-value < 0.01). This implied that effective prevent strategy mechanisms of Counter Terrorism will lead to improved national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City. And lastly, The study shows that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of Prepare and protect strategy of Counter Terrorism and national security in Mogadishu City, Somalia (r = .582, P-value < 0.01). This implied that improved Prepare and protect strategy of Counter Terrorism or a positive change in the Prepare and protect strategy mechanisms of Counter Terrorism will have a relatively positive impact on national security in Mogadishu City, Somalia. The study however, recommended that the government of Somalia should empower citizens who have the skills, knowledge and attitudes to participate, including the ability to organize themselves. It also recommended that the government of Somalia should effectively implement laws, regulations and policies that enable participation and social accountability. In conclusion, the study had it that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of pursue strategy of Counter Terrorism on national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City (r= .610, P-value < 0.01). Further, the study concluded that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of prevent strategy of Counter Terrorism efforts on national security in Somalia (r =.597, P-value < 0.01), and that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of Prepare and protect strategy of Counter Terrorism and national security in Mogadishu City, Somalia (r = .582, P-value < 0.01).
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    Finn Church Aid and Youth Empowerment in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District, South Western Uganda.
    (Kampala International University, 2023-11-17) Pheonah, Namara
    This study analysed the influence of international NGOs and youth empowerment in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement in Uganda with Finn Church Aid (FCA) as a case. In doing so, the study set out to realize three objectives: to establish the challenges afflicting the refugee youth; what International NGOs are doing to empower the refugee youth; and the strategies for deepening youth empowerment in refugee settlements. In addition, the study was guided by Empowerment Theory by Rappaport (1981).. The sample size consisted of 120 respondents determined through the use of Krejcie and Morgan table of 1970 and data was analyzed at uni-variate, bi-variate and at multivariate level using means, standard deviation and Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC). The study revealed that there is a strong relationship between the studied variables. FCAs good practice has enhanced refugee self-reliance. It has created jobs for the youth by putting the skills acquired from training into gainful employment, 81% of the youth trained are either formally employed or they have started their own businesses. For example, some graduates in agriculture, welding, sandal making, motorcycle repair and hair dressing are employing fellow persons in their businesses. This boosts economic activity and inclusion in the region. On the second objective of the study, the study concluded that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that they are trained in entrepreneurship and business skills, the youth are provided with startup kits on completion of their skilling programs, Graduates are supported to form VSLAs; Schools have been constructed and equipped and Refugees that complete basic education are supported to enroll for higher education and vocational training. However, setting up baby care facilities to support female students with babies is still lacking. Concerning objective three, the study concluded that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that in a bid to deepen refugee empowerment, labour intensive initiatives should be prioritized; opportunities to engage youth in productive activities should be created; vocational training for skills and employability should be prioritized; and deliberate investments have to be made in the higher education of refugee youths. And lastly from the study findings and conclusions, the study recommended that NGOs should undertake studies on refugee youth and improve their programming and interventions in response to the evidence and circumstances prevailing; international NGOs should prioritize work for pay opportunities and facilities for the refugee youths; and international NGOs should undertake joint programming with other relevant actors for holistic and accountable youth empowerment.
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    Peace and Stability through Bilateral Diplomacy between Uganda and South Sudan
    (Kampala International University, 2023-11-14) Elizabeth, Akol Awien
    This study examined the impact of peace and stability on bilateral diplomacy between Uganda and South Sudan. The study was guided by three objectives: To assess the effectiveness of peace and stability in promoting increased diplomatic engagement between Uganda and South Sudan; investigate how peace and stability influences economic cooperation between Uganda and South Sudan; examine the influence of peace and stability in promoting trust-building between Uganda and South Sudan. In addition, the study was guided by Stable Peace Theory by Boulding (1978). The study adopted a descriptive correlation survey design, and a mixed method approach in data collection, whereby both quantitative (survey questionnaire) and qualitative (key informant interview) approaches were used to elicit data from the study. Quantitative approach, however, was the main source of data, whilst qualitative approach served as a supplementary source of data. Data was analysed at uni-variate, bi-variate and at multivariate level using means, standard deviation and Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC). From the study findings on the first objective of the study, the study concluded that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that by promoting increased trade and investment between the two countries, having more high-level of visits between the two countries, sustaining frequent communication between the two countries' leaders, then bilateral diplomacy in Uganda and South Sudan will be improved. On the second objective of the study, the study concluded that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that by promoting increased trade and investment, addressing insecurity issues and emphasizing greater cooperate on regional issues then, bilateral diplomacy between Uganda and South Sudan will be improved. Concerning objective three, the study concluded that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that by establishing regular high-level dialogue through regular meetings between the leaders of the two countries, as well as their ministers and other officials, then, bilateral diplomacy in Uganda and South Sudan will be improved. Lastly from the findings and conclusions, the study recommended that all the three constructs of peace and stability should be enhanced in Uganda and South Sudan through the establishment of regular high-level dialogue, respecting signed agreements and memorandums of understanding (MoUs), establishment of a free trade area, greater cooperation with regard to tourism, agriculture, and manufacturing, working together to attract foreign investments, establishing a joint truth and reconciliation commission, creation of a joint mechanism for conflict resolution, promoting education and understanding about each other's cultures and supporting civil society organizations that promote peace and reconciliation.