Masters of International Relations and Diplomacy
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- ItemAfrican union military intervention and peace building in Mogadishu, Somalia(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018-08) Ashwaq, Abdi HashiThe study “African Union Military Intervention and Peace Building in Somalia” set out to examine the extent to which the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) ‘has contributed to stability and peace building in Somalia. The objectives among others includes assessing the role of AMISOM in resolving instability and conflict in Somalia, examining the challenges faced by AMISOM in managing the conflict and building peace in Somalia, as well as the methods used by the African Union military intervention forces in peace building in Somalia. Conceptualized on the premise of the ‘Just War theory’; the study adopted the exploratory descriptive research design using Survey as the research method, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Findings reveal that the continental peace architecture of African Union through AMISOM provides an institutional framework for implementing the concept of a comprehensive peace that encompasses conflict prevention, peacemaking. Peacekeeping, post-conflict reconstruction and peace building. At the pinnacle of this architecture is the AU Peace and Security Council (PSC) established in 2004 with ten members elected for two-year terms and five for three-year terms in order to provide some stability and continuity to the Council’s leadership. Further findings reveal that the African Upion Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) to a large extent have succeeded in restoring peace and order, and ensuring a central government in Somalia. Based on the findings, the study concludes that though African Union Military Intervention in Somalia suffers from poor institutional competence, lack of resources, funds and troop contributions, and remains highly dependent on assistance from outside organizations which tend to undermine its effectiveness to main peace and stability, it has been a stabilizing element in Somalia. The study therefore, recommends increased funding for AMISOM; inclusion of young people as stakeholders in the peace building and security process; adoption of awareness and sensitization as part of the AMISOM intervention; as well as establishment of community information control channels
- ItemAfrican Union Operations and Sustainability of Peace Building in Mogadishu Somalia(Kampala International University,Master degree of Arts in International Relations and Diplomatic Studies, 2015-06) Omar Ali, AbdukadirThe study examined the role African union operations and sustainability of peace building in Mogadishu-Somalia. The objectives of the study were to; to investigate the sustainability of peace building in Mogadishu-Somalia, to examine the effectiveness of African Union intervention Peace building in Mogadishu-Somalia and to analyse the relationship between African Union peace operations and peace building in Mogadishu Somalia. The research used a descriptive design, descriptive co relational, cross sectional and survey designs. It was descriptive in that it described the characteristics of respondents in collecting data from the study population totaling 356 respondents. Sampling technique was used to select the sample of 188 respondents from Mogadishu, Somalia, Ministry of interior affairs committee, other community members, Parliament committee, Local government committee were interviewed. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis option of SPSS, and was then presented using Pearson correlation. It was found out that; males greatly participated in the study as represented by 58.5% whereas 41.4% of the respondents were females; implying that African union peace operation in Somalia involved males as they are known of their strong influence and ability in resolving conflict compared to females. Further findings revealed, based on the findings detailed from the respondent, it is clear that AU has made an important and substantial contribution to improving the security situation in Somalia. In particular, this relates to the seizure of Mogadishu from ai-Shabaab in 2011. This turn of events was facilitated by several factors, including the 2010 authorization of an increase in AU troop numbers, which increased the manpower of the mission. The study recommends that a shortage of funds prevents the AU from producing a substantial peacekeeping mission. This reality therefore prescribes the AU to investigate more economically efficient means of attaining peace; mediation has proven promising in this regard as has peace building and preventative diplomacy. Also for regionalism to take hold there must be some economic inter dependency. African union in this vain requires the AU membership to maintain the development of infrastructure and economic interdependence between members. However, a large caveat to this is infrastructure in Africa most likely originates from foreign investment overseas. This requires AU membership to be economically dependent upon foreign investment rather than being interdependent upon each other.
- ItemArmed conflicts and international economic aid in Mogadishu, Somalia(Kampala international international: College Humanities and Social Sciences, 2014-11) Pastor, P. KimoloThe purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between armed conflicts and International Economic Aid in Mogadishu Somalia. The study was guided by three specific objectives which include; i) to determine the effect of armed conflicts on peace in Mogadishu Somalia, ii) to determine the impact of International Economic Aid in Mogadishu Somalia and iii) to establish the relationship between armed conflicts and International Economic Aid in Mogadishu Somalia. The study used the descriptive survey design specifically and the descriptive correlational strategies, cross-sectional and exposit facto to test the relationship between the variables Two sets of questionnaires were developed and included the different aspects of effects of armed conflicts and socio-economic development. The findings indicated that the effects of armed conflicts had an overall mean of 2.97 which is interpreted as high on a four point Iikert scale, the impacts of International Economic Aid was rated high with an overall mean of 2.68 which is also interpreted as high on a four Iikert scale, implying a high rate of International Economic Aid in Mogadishu, Somalia. Also there was a positive and significant relationship between the effects of armed conflicts and International Economic Aid in Mogadishu, Somalia, and this is shown by the sig. value (.000) which was greater than the maximum sig. value of 0.05 considered in social sciences.
- ItemAssessment of AMISON's contributions to peace building in Somalia(Kampala International University, 2017-10) Mustafa, Ahmed Salan
- ItemBilateral Relations and Economic Development.(Kampala International University, 2022-10) Charles, Parpee HopkinsThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Liberia's bilateral diplomatic relations on economic development using the diplomatic mission in Dakar, Senegal as a case study. The study had three objectives: (i) to determine the effect of the creation of investment opportunities on economic development, focusing on Liberia's Diplomatic Mission in Dakar, Senegal; (ii) to determine the effect of skills transfer on economic development, focusing on Liberia's Diplomatic Mission in Dakar, Senegal; and (iii) to determine the effect of Liberia's diplomatic relations on its security, focusing on Liberia's Diplomatic Mission in Dakar, The study used a correlational research design because it examined the relationship between two variables (Liberia's bilateral diplomatic relations and economic development). In addition to using both quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection and analysis, the study gathered general information on the topic from the study's various stakeholders. This study targeted a population of 183 participants obtained through both purposive and simple random sampling techniques. From this population, 126 respondents were selected using Sloven's formula, as both primary and secondary data sources were utilized. The questionnaire was the primary instrument for data collection, with interviews supplementing and clarifying the study responses. The collected data was then coded, entered into the computer, checked, and statistically analyzed with the (SPSS) software package to produce descriptive and inferential statistics. And based on the study's findings, diplomatic representation is especially important for promoting trade interests and creating investment opportunities. It was also noted that there is a high level of economic exchange between countries that are geographically close, which facilitates investment opportunities. This is due to the fact that there is frequently a high level of economic exchange and travel between geographically close countries, which facilitates investment opportunities in different nations. While it was determined that Liberian diplomacy in Senegal has been shaped by conflict, the report emphasized the need to provide aid to Liberia's refugees in the region while simultaneously strengthening diplomatic ties with Senegal and economic ties, capacity building, and technology transfer. However, it recommended that a strategic and more proactive economic diplomacy policy is required to diversify trade, investment areas, and international market horizons in order to accelerate.
- ItemBorder conflicts and Uganda - South Sudan trade(Kampala International University. College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017-09) Ogwang, AndrewThe study revealed that the causes of border conflict and Uganda-South Sudan trade are: Poor demarcation of borders; resentment by South Sudanese; high influx of Ugandans into South Sudan; high taxes charged on Ugandan goods by South Sudan Government; volatile security at the borders of the two countries. The methodology used was both qualitative and quantitative and involved text content analysis, the sample of 136 respondents participated in the study and the instruments used were questioners and interview guide for data collection. Objectives of the study were analyzed and the findings were as follows: The causes of border conflict and Uganda-South Sudan trade. This sub section targets objective 1 of the study. The section sought to examine the causes of border conflict and Uganda-South Sudan trade. The findings show that poor border demarcation was extremely responsible for causing border conflicts between Uganda and South Sudan (mean 5.530). The second objective was: Trade-related conflicts involving Ugandans and other foreign investors, this finding show that the respondents mainly found the provided statements true and moderately true. For example, it was found that: Attacks of non-Sudanese traders by South Sudanese nationals is one of the trade-related conflicts involving Uganda and South Sudan (mean 4.607). Third objective was: Immediate impact of the current South Sudan military conflicts on the business communities of the two countries. The results of the findings show that there are mainly very high and high effects of the border conflicts on business of the two countries. For example, the respondents admitted that indeed business is affected due to boundary conflicts (mean 4.869). This means that the border conflict has a high bearing on business performance of Uganda and South Sudan. The fourth objective was: Possible interventions to promote growth and development opportunities, it was recommended that trade restrictions between South Sudan and her neighboring countries be relaxed (mean 4.576). Uganda and South Sudan should develop a good relationship and the agreements therein that bind them. It is through this that the two countries can be at peace.
- ItemCivil strife in south Sudan and experiences of refugees in Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement, Kiryandongo District, Uganda(Kampala International University.College of Humanities and social science, 2016-10) Hassan, MusaThis study investigated the civil strife in South Sudan from accounts of South Sudanese refugees in Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement and Provision of Social Services to South Sudanese refugees in Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement, Kiryandongo District, Uganda. The study was guided by four research objectives which included: to explore refugee life experience before the war; to evaluate refugees' perception of the causes of the civil war; to find out nature and quality of social services provided to refugees in Kiryandongo; and determine impact of refugees' influx on the provision social services in Kiryandongo. The study was a qualitative research that employed a cross-sectional research design and in addition to that utilized the case study design too. Kiryandongo refugee settlement was chosen as the case study. The research methods involved using three tools of qualitative analysis that is observations, interviews with refugee respondents and key-informants, and focus group discussions to gather data. This was supplemented with literature review of documents akin to UNHCR reports relevant to the research topic. The respondents within the sample were chosen by means of non-probability methods like purposive sampling so that only refugees in the settlement who were affected by the civil war were picked. The study findings showed that in fact the conflict in South Sudan from 15 December 2013 was due to political dynamics and ethnicity was a consequence rather than a cause of the conflict. The provision of social services declined and some sectors improved thereafter such as WASH where available water levels declined and improved between December 2013 to April 2014; in education primary school classrooms were overcrowded with teacher to pupil ratio being 1 :88 and never improved; health sector was challenged with medicine supply being insufficient also medical personnel being under staffed: land provided for residential and agricultural purpose was not impacted negatively by surge in influx. Overall the study discerned that the influx of new arrivals didn't hinder operations of providing social services even in the event that more arrivals would come. On the other hand, the study found out that there is a need to step-up the efforts of providing social services so that all sectors, from ailing ones like education and health to stabilized ones like WASH, can be upto perfect standards. Generally, the study can state that the provision of social services to refugee in the settlement was impacted negatively by the civil war in South Sudan but the services provided enabled the refugees to live a life without abuse of their human rights regardless of the hardship experienced. The study recommends that civil strife be mediated to a halt to alleviate the strain in social services provision being endured by humanitarian organizations in Kiryandongo settlement.
- ItemCivil-military relations and peace-building in Mogadishu, Somalia(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-06) Ayn, i Bashir IbrahimThe purpose of this study was to establish the effect of civil-military relations and Peace-building in Mogadishu Somalia. The research objectives were to determine the effect of civil-military relations on post-conflict reconciliation in Mogadishu Somalia, secondly to explore the effect of civil-military relations on rehabilitation in Mogadishu Somalia and thirdly to assess the effect of civil-military relations on post-conflict reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. The researcher used a descriptive survey research design based on quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The data was collected using questionnaires from 205 respondents and 7 key informant interviews (KIIs). Findings on the first objective reveal that there is a positive and significant effect of civil-military relations on post-conflict reconciliation in Mogadishu Somalia. Findings on the second objective indicate that there is a positive and significant effect of civil-military relations on rehabilitation in Mogadishu Somalia. The results indicate that there was a low significant effect of civil-military relations on rehabilitation in Mogadishu Somalia. On the thirdly objective, the study found that there is a positive and significant low effect of civil-military relations on post-conflict reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. The results indicate that there was a low significant effect of civil-military relations on post-conflict reconstruction in Mogadishu Somalia. The study concludes that civil-military relations can be one of the avenues in enhancing post-conflict reconciliation; the study concludes that the civil-military relations are an avenue in enhancing post-conflict Rehabilitation Mogadishu Somalia. The study alludes that the presence of civil-military relations can be developed and if so, the post-conflict Rehabilitation in Mogadishu will be empowered and thirdly the study conclude that there is a positive significant effect of civil-military relations on post-conflict reconstruction, the presence of the CMR is designed in enhancing the Post-conflict reconstruction needed in Mogadishu Somalia. The study recommends that the military should be ready to accept the information coming from the civilians despite not being used to such information to help build more trust between them. There is need for a policy enhancement in enabling the post construction mechanisms for peace efforts, information and communication
- ItemClimate Change and Food Security in Shebelle-Puntland, Somalia(Kampala International University, 2023-09) Duale, Balkisa OsmanThe purpose of the study was to assess the influence of climate change on food security in Shebelle-Puntland, Somalia. The Specific Objectives were to determine the effect of climate change on food availability amongst the people, to examine the effect of climate change on food utilization amongst the people, to assess the influence of climate change on food system stability amongst the people and to find out the effect of climate change on food accessibility amongst the people in Somalia. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used for data collection and analysis and for purpose of effective triangulation and reliability of the research results; both purposive and random sampling techniques were used to gather data. Questionnaire was employed to attain quantitative data while the interview guide supplemented the questionnaire information and enable the attainment of detailed information. Descriptive statistics in form of mean and standard deviation was used to measure the state of climate change and food security. The data was presented and analyzed using SPSS, their after the normality test of the variables were checked. Simple linear regression analysis was employed to determine whether a significant effect between the independent variables and dependent variables are in existence. The study findings indicate that climate change had 13.5% effect on food availability among the people in Somalia. The significance level was 0.031 implied significant connections that climate change has on food availability in Somalia. Secondly, the study found that climate change had 1.9% effect on food utilization among the people in Somalia. The findings show that climate changes can generate the stability of the food systems in Somalia and finally the study concludes that climate changes in Somalia have a moderate effect on the food accessibility. The study concludes that food availability in Somalia is highly determined by the climate changes, positive climate change is deemed to support the growth of agriculture necessary for inducing the food availability amongst the people in communities. Secondly climate change has not effectively affected the utilization of the food. Climate change can be developed to induce the food system stability amongst the people in Somalia. The study recommend that climate change need to be refocused to appropriate attention with development of policies geared towards the availability of food through growth of crops, provision of food crops. Farmers should be motivated to explore and take advantage of the latest agricultural production technologies and productivity-enhancing process and systems and there should also be processed of relaying information concerning the adaptation and mitigation strategies of climate change to the people of Somalia. This is because, adequate information, education, and communication of laudable adaptation and mitigation practices encouraged sustainable environmental practices by the citizenry.
- ItemContributions of the international community to refugee governance in Uganda(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019-05) Kisaka, SarahThis study assessed the contributions of the international community towards refugee governance in Uganda, with the objective of evaluating the impact of forced migration and refugee crisis on Uganda, and assessing the role of international organizations and the challenges they face. Owing to the nature of this study, it took on the international relations theory of Rational Choice Institutionalism (RCI). RCI is a theoretical model that explains institutions with a premise that different institutions actors use institutions to maximize their utility and decision making. Through the use of an exploratory design and by utilizing a sample of 125 participants; key informant interviews and focus group discussions, demographic characteristics and key themes were identified, This study revealed that refugees who are engaged in gainful employment can ultimately contribute to the national GDP, although the negative consequences such as increased economic burden and strain on the social services are still dominating the consequences. In addition, lNGOs continuously engage in activities that empower refugees through helping them build efficient social, economic and cultural ties with the host government and community, despite the overwhelming number of refugees and their governance programs being bitterly underfunded. The study argues that although INGO’s, continue to offer commendable lifesaving protection, and advocacy, as well as livelihood support, more refugees are in need of gainful employment, capacity building and empowerment. This study concludes that funding aid cuts have severely affected most INGOs programs particularly those that deal in education, health water/sanitation, and shelter. The study recommends engagement of refugees and other migrants into viable self-reliance ventures and livelihood programs that will curb unemployment and lessen the burden on the INGO’s and the host county. There is need to fully protect all refugees regardless of their historical circumstances or background. This study appeals to the donor community to increase funding for refugees and adopt fair policies that aim at welcoming refugees and migrants to their countries, and lift a burden on some poor countries that are feeling a full weight of the refugee plight.
- ItemContributions of the international community to Refugee Governance in Uganda(Kampala International University, 2019-01) Kisaka, SarahThis study assessed the contributions of the international community towards refugee governance in Uganda, with the objective of evaluating the impact of forced migration and refugee crisis on Uganda, and assessing the role of international organizations and the challenges they face.
- ItemCounter-Terrorism Measures and National Security in Mogadishu Somalia(Kampala International University, 2023-09) Musse, Mohamed ShueibThis study was aimed at examining the impact of Somalia Counterterrorism efforts on national security in Mogadishu, Somalia. It was guided by three objectives of; (i) To examine the effect of the pursue strategy of Counterterrorism efforts on national security in Somalia; using Mogadishu City as a case study, (ii) To explain the impact of the prevent strategy of Counterterrorism efforts on national security in Somalia; using Mogadishu City as a case study, and (iii) To determine the impact of the prepare and protect strategy of Counterterrorism on national security in Somalia; using Mogadishu City as a case study. The study adopted both descriptive and correlations research designs to investigate the parameters of the study. In this case, both qualitative and quantitative. The target population of this research was 29,057 from which a sample of 205 was selected from, using Scott Smith, (2013): (Z value)2 X. The collected data was edited, coded, organized and entered into the computer for analysis. After data entry, all errors were eliminated and frequency analysis was done such that descriptive analysis was computed. The study findings indicated that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of pursue strategy of Counter Terrorism on national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City (r= .610, P-value < 0.01). This implied that pursue strategy of counter-terrorism, it will result into a corresponding good and improved National Security in Somalia. Further, the study shows that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of prevent strategy of Counter Terrorism efforts on national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City (r =.597, P-value < 0.01). This implied that effective prevent strategy mechanisms of Counter Terrorism will lead to improved national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City. And lastly, The study shows that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of Prepare and protect strategy of Counter Terrorism and national security in Mogadishu City, Somalia (r = .582, P-value < 0.01). This implied that improved Prepare and protect strategy of Counter Terrorism or a positive change in the Prepare and protect strategy mechanisms of Counter Terrorism will have a relatively positive impact on national security in Mogadishu City, Somalia. The study however, recommended that the government of Somalia should empower citizens who have the skills, knowledge and attitudes to participate, including the ability to organize themselves. It also recommended that the government of Somalia should effectively implement laws, regulations and policies that enable participation and social accountability. In conclusion, the study had it that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of pursue strategy of Counter Terrorism on national security in Somalia; a case study of Mogadishu City (r= .610, P-value < 0.01). Further, the study concluded that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of prevent strategy of Counter Terrorism efforts on national security in Somalia (r =.597, P-value < 0.01), and that there was a positive and moderately significant impact of Prepare and protect strategy of Counter Terrorism and national security in Mogadishu City, Somalia (r = .582, P-value < 0.01).
- ItemThe democratic forces for the liberation of Rwanda influence on DRC/Rwanda relations(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences., 2014-09) Mudaheranwa, RegisThe purpose of this thesis was to gain an in depth understanding of exactly what role FDLR play in the relations of DRC and Rwanda. Surveys were administered to both Congolese and Rwandans. respondents from DRC were chosen from refugees, where sample size of 188 respondents was selected from total population of 370. FARDC officer was 01, and from M23 rebels, 25 respondents were chosen, whereas, the respondents from Rwanda were chosen from RDF (01 Officer) and from FDLR rebels, 20 respondents were chosen from the total population of 21. The researcher compiled the questionnaires and discovered that, the attitudes of respondents from above categories towards FDLR are almost same and they simply consider them (FDLR) as evils and source of conflict in DRC/Rwanda common border in particular, and in the Region in general. According to respondents of the study as well as the authors who wrote about RwandaJDRC relations, indicated the reluctance and weakness of International community and DRC respectively. Both countries citizen’s attitude revealed their lack of confidence in International Community and DRC willingness to cease its support to FDLR rebels, the group that was considered as a barrier to relations of DRC and Rwanda. The researcher again, (through questionnaires and Interviews) revealed that, FDLR continue to carry out serious human rights violations and sow fear along DRC/Rwanda common border, provocative acts that have been happening for Over 20 years since the Genocide in Rwanda. It (FDLR) has made many promises to disarm. Results are all that matter, and military pressure is needed —the researcher has found — for results/permanent solution
- ItemEconomic integration and peace-building in east Africa: A Study of East African Community(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-06) Komuhangi, HildahThe study examined how regional integration affects peace-building in the East African Community. The study was guided by three objectives:(i) To examine the impact of common market on peace-building in East Africa; (ii) assess the impact of Customs Union on peace-building among East African countries; (iii) investigate how free trade areas among member states impacts on peace-building in East Africa. The descriptive correlational design was employed. A sample size of 112 respondents was determined using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Table of determining sample size. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire and interview guide. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. The Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient was used to establish the relationship between economic integration and peace-building. The findings revealed that the common market has facilitated free movement of capital and services among member states; the study also indicated that a common market brings about free movement of labor services amongst members and persons among East African states. The findings also revealed that there is a relationship between Customs Unions and peace-building in the EA states; the study findings revealed that Customs union leads to the removal of impediments to trade flows by increasing in-trade flows among member states; customs unions lead to proper balance of payment; the results also indicated that there is a reduction of tariffs between member states in East Africa; there are free trade agreements among member states (Bilateral or multilateral)-regarding specific trade issues (reduction of tariffs). The study recommended that Member states need to further enhance the free movement of capital and services amongst themselves by putting in place more trade agreements and friendly policies under the common market; there is need for member states to fully embrace the customs union protocols by removing impediments to trade flows among member states which may include abolition of tariffs among EAC member states; EAC member states need to support the free trade areas by allowing goods moving from one country to another with the reduction of tariffs, abolition of import tariffs through trade agreements and negotiations which contribute to peace-building, by promoting economic interdependence, regional cooperation and thereby reducing the likelihood of conflicts among member states.
- ItemEthnicity and Armed Conflict in Ruzizi, Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo(Kampala International University, 2023-11-15) Sylvia, Imani BuregeaThe study was about Ethnicity and armed conflict in Ruzizi, Eastern Democratic republic of Congo. The study objectives were: to evaluate the relationship between ethnicity and international armed conflict in Ruzizi, eastern DRC, to examine the effect of ethnicity on internalized armed conflict in Ruzizi, eastern DRC, to investigate the effect of ethnicity on non-international armed conflict Ruzizi, eastern DRC. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design and a mixed approach in data collection. Accordingly, data collection was through the use of questionnaire and face to face interview, data analysis relied on data collected from 379 respondents and 15 key informants. Furthermore, the study was guided by the two theories that is the Human Needs Theory by Burton, and Just-war theory by Thomas Aquinas. On the first objective, the findings on ethnicity and international armed conflict reveal that various armed groups from neighboring countries as well as regional and international actors have been involved in the conflict. On the second objective, it was found that historical tensions between the various ethnic groups was fueled by colonial legacies, and political manipulation has been exploited by armed groups for recruitment, mobilization, and resource control. On the third objective, it was found that violence involving both state and non-state actors have been driven by a combination of political power struggles, competition over natural resources and regional dynamics among many others. The study concluded that it is crucial to approach the situation in the eastern DRC with sensitivity and recognize the multifaceted nature of the conflicts. Addressing the root causes of these conflicts requires comprehensive approaches that encompass political, social, economic, and security dimensions, along with efforts to promote peacebuilding, reconciliation, and sustainable development in the region. However the study recommended that: authorities in DRC should conduct operations research to identify specific drivers of conflict and potential solutions and should involve local, national, and international researchers, practitioners, and diplomats, there should be promising interventions to establish or solidify peace, implement increased citizen engagement in the government and decision making processes are essential to all interventions, there should be mechanisms to stabilize the political situations in DRC in order to reduce on the pressure from internalized armed conflicts.
- ItemEuropean Union activities and peace building efforts in Somalia(Kampala International University, college of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021-08) Mohamud, Jamal YusufThe study sought to investigate European Union and peace building efforts in Somalia. The study was guided by three objectives. To establish the effect of European Union’s training of peace forces in, Somalia, (ii). To examine the European Union’s conflict resolution on peace building efforts in Somalia and (iii). To establish the European Union’s establishment of human rights protection on peace building efforts in Somalia. The study used cross sectional research design which specifically sought to; together data from the respondents at one point. The target population was 760 where a sample size of 262 was drawn using Slovene’s formula sample table. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 28 directors and senior staff of the ministry of internal affairs while purposive sampling was used to select 22 directors and senior staff of the ministry of defense, sample random sampling technique 40 directors and senior staff of the ministry of foreign affairs, random sampling 134 members of the civil organizations, random sampling 28 directors and senior staff of European Union and purposive sampling opinion leaders. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire and interview guide for key informants. In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages and personal analysis in the analysis the quantitative data and qualitative analysis was done using content analysis. Based on the findings, the European union and peace building efforts European Union provide military equipment to support the training of peace forces according to 66.2%, European Union has supported peace processes and national reconciliation processes through settlement of federal reconciliation, clan conflicts that arise from the federal states with 53.3%, of European Union’s establishment of human rights protection on peace building efforts revealed that the European union has majorly effected to peace building through protection the displaced people from conflicts zones agreeing had 49.6%, Based on the findings, The study conclude that European union effected to the training of the peace forces through provision of training and equipment that can easily facility in the ensuring of the peace forces in Somalia that facility in enhance the skills development of the military forces in the provision of peace forces. the study conclude that European union has supported peace processes and national reconciliation, handles existing conflicts through negotiations with the federal states and finally European Union together with federal states to build the national framework of security. The study recommend for the improvement of the European union trainings to favour the state of improved focus for the provided avenues necessary to develop the military funds and equipment’s used in the training of the forces that can adhere to the needs of the country.
- ItemFinn Church Aid and Youth Empowerment in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District, South Western Uganda.(Kampala International University, 2023-11-17) Pheonah, NamaraThis study analysed the influence of international NGOs and youth empowerment in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement in Uganda with Finn Church Aid (FCA) as a case. In doing so, the study set out to realize three objectives: to establish the challenges afflicting the refugee youth; what International NGOs are doing to empower the refugee youth; and the strategies for deepening youth empowerment in refugee settlements. In addition, the study was guided by Empowerment Theory by Rappaport (1981).. The sample size consisted of 120 respondents determined through the use of Krejcie and Morgan table of 1970 and data was analyzed at uni-variate, bi-variate and at multivariate level using means, standard deviation and Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC). The study revealed that there is a strong relationship between the studied variables. FCAs good practice has enhanced refugee self-reliance. It has created jobs for the youth by putting the skills acquired from training into gainful employment, 81% of the youth trained are either formally employed or they have started their own businesses. For example, some graduates in agriculture, welding, sandal making, motorcycle repair and hair dressing are employing fellow persons in their businesses. This boosts economic activity and inclusion in the region. On the second objective of the study, the study concluded that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that they are trained in entrepreneurship and business skills, the youth are provided with startup kits on completion of their skilling programs, Graduates are supported to form VSLAs; Schools have been constructed and equipped and Refugees that complete basic education are supported to enroll for higher education and vocational training. However, setting up baby care facilities to support female students with babies is still lacking. Concerning objective three, the study concluded that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that in a bid to deepen refugee empowerment, labour intensive initiatives should be prioritized; opportunities to engage youth in productive activities should be created; vocational training for skills and employability should be prioritized; and deliberate investments have to be made in the higher education of refugee youths. And lastly from the study findings and conclusions, the study recommended that NGOs should undertake studies on refugee youth and improve their programming and interventions in response to the evidence and circumstances prevailing; international NGOs should prioritize work for pay opportunities and facilities for the refugee youths; and international NGOs should undertake joint programming with other relevant actors for holistic and accountable youth empowerment.
- ItemForeign intervention and peace building in Mogadishu, Somalia(Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2015-06) Bashir, Mohamed OmarThis study had the main objective to establish the role of foreign intervention in the peace building of Mogadishu, Somalia. The researcher was motivated by the fact that there was little progress in the peace building process in Mogadishu. The study was guided by the following objectives 1) to examine the foreign intervention strategies employed in Mogadishu Somalia 2) to assess the peace building process in Mogadishu, Somalia and 3) to establish a relationship between the foreign intervention and peace building in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study employed descriptive cross-sectional by design which involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Using this method, the researcher used a structured questionnaire (close ended) and an interview guide (for qualitative responses). A research population of 300 was identified and a sample size of 171 respondents was computed using the Slovene’s formula. In selecting the respondents the researcher used simple random sampling technique. From the findings it was found that foreign intervention was very low in all aspects except for military intervention which was found to be high. Peace building process was also found to be low. Analysis of relationships suggested that there was a significant relationship between foreign intervention and peace building at a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.827. Regression analysis computed the R Squared was to be at 0.683. Somalia’s political situation is an ideal example of the hardships and disunity that many African nations have encountered in post colonialist era. Somalia has encountered political instability in the absence of functioning central government, numerous armed groups and militants that control different parts of the country. Ultimately the researcher suggested more civic education, equipping of national security forces, better international relations, foreign electoral oversight and government support to peace talks.
- ItemForeign intervention and political stability in Mogadishu, Somalia(Kampala International University; College of Humanities and Social Science, 2014-10) Awale, Hassan H.The study investigated foreign intervention and political stability in Mogadishu Somalia. The study was guided by three objectives; (1) to establish the contributions of AMISOM to political stability in Mogadishu; (2) to examine the contribution of foreign intervention in form of infrastructural development in Mogadishu; and (3) to assess the contribution of foreign intervention in form of political reconciliation in Mogadishu Somalia. The study comprised of a population of 220 respondents, and a descriptive research design was used to analyze data from 142 respondents using self-administered questionnaires as the data collection instrument. The findings established that AMISOM has brought political stability in Mogadishu Somalia with an average mean of 2.75 this mean c01motation indicate that political stability in Mogadishu Somalia improved since AMISOM presence in Mogadishu. Political reconciliation brought by foreigners in Mogadishu Somalia developed since the intervention and get average mean of 3.18. Infrastructure development has developed and gets an average mean of 2.96. According study findings the researcher recommends The researcher recommends that AMISOM "African Union peace keeping mission in Somalia" continues their mission in Somalia until the Somali forces can afford the security and stabilization in Mogadishu Somalia, The researcher recommends rapid progress on the Constitutional Review to continue political reconciliation of Somalia especially Mogadishu Somalia and promote democracy, the researcher recommends all political abilities to refrain from violence, and engage in political dialogue to resolve outstanding differences and UN and the African Nations political office in Somalia to set plans the enable the destinations of 2016 fare and free elections expected to happen in Somalia especially the capital Mogadishu, The researcher recommends the United Nations political office in Somalia plan reconciliation between Somali clans of their historic civil wars, The researcher recommends AMISOM to promote democracy and the rule of law in Mogadishu which can bring stability in Mogadishu Somalia.
- ItemForeign Military Involvement and Peace Building in Somalia(Kampala International University, 2022-10) Hussein, Mohamed DahirThe study set was to examine the effect of foreign military involvement on peace building in Somalia. The study adopted a cross sectional research design were data was attained based on a quantitative research design from 204 respondents who were from the selected groups of the government, International NGOs, local leaders and foreign intervention forces. Results presented in form of descriptive and inferential statistics the information for the study. The findings reveal that counter insurgency have a significant effect on counter insurgency of foreign military involvement on peace building in Somalia. Secondly foreign military training have a significant effect on counter insurgency of foreign military training on peace building in Somalia. Finally foreign military protection and stability have a significant effect on foreign military protection and stability on peace building in Somalia. Findings conclude that counter of insurgency of foreign military significantly affect the peace building in Somalia. Secondly, the study concludes that foreign military training for the armies if improved can generate peace building in Somalia. Thirdly, the study concludes that foreign military protection is a key avenue for the generation of the stable peace building efforts. Researcher recommends for the enhancement in development of foreign counter measures to counter the occurrence of terrorism activities which still occur in many places especially of Mogadishu. Secondly there is need for the development of the avenues needed especially in making the local forces by the foreign one sustaining amongst them. Thirdly the study recommend for the protection provided by the foreign forces needed to be developed among the people.