College of Humanities and Social Sciences

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    A Framework for Monitoring Elders with Underlying Medical Conditions Using Wearable Technologies: A Case Study of Non-Communicable Diseases
    (2024) Nalukwago Fadhiila
    The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a growing concern globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of disease is transitioning from infectious diseases to NCDs, which are also the principal causes of morbidity globally. Of the 97,600 deaths in Uganda in 2016, NCDs accounted for 1 in 3. These diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide, and carry a huge cost that extends beyond health and trap people in poverty. In all countries, the poorest and most vulnerable populations are those most at risk and the least likely to have access to the services they need to detect and treat NCDs. The evolving technologies therefore, have changed traditional health care into smart health care, enabling people to frequently monitor their health remotely, by adopting Wearable Technologies (WT) to track NCDs. This study was therefore carried out in Masaka City and Masaka District, with the overall aim of designing a smartwatch wearable technology framework that would aid in the application of WT in combating NCDs, among the elderly. The specific objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate the current health status of the elderly people in Masaka; 2) to find out the currently used technologies in monitoring the NCDs; 3) to design a WT framework and 4) to evaluate the framework. In the Ugandan context, there are no WT frameworks taken into account by medical personnel and their patients, which leaves a gap worth a research study. Although Ugandans have used SMS alerts to monitor patients, the technology is not dedicated to the elderly and has no capacity to consistently monitor elderly patients remotely. A mixed research approach, supported by the pragmatism philosophy and abductive approach was used to collect descriptive data, and adopted a cross sectional time horizon. Questionnaires were validated and approved by the Ethical Review Committee (REC). Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data from a target population of the elderly who were 60 years of age and above, while the analysis tools used were SPSS and NVIVO. The Slovenes formula was used to compute the sample size of 388 elderly people from whom, data was collected using simple random sampling, Cluster random sampling and Quota sampling techniques. Interpretation of the qualitative data, was based on the themes, and patterns that emerged from the videos. The findings of the study indicated that majority of the elderly suffer from at least one of the NCDs, hypertension being the most common NCD at 86.5% of the respondents, and no registered WT framework in the area. It was concluded that, a WT framework was designed based on the gaps identified from previous studies and the UTAUT-3 model constructs, plus other additional features like language, confidentiality and information quality, to test acceptance levels of WT among the elderly for enhanced health care services delivery.
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    Abyei’s flashpoint for future cooprations and conflict between Sudan and South Sudan
    (Kampala International University,College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2012-05) Hailemichael, Gebresilassie
    The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of Abyers flashpoint for future Cooprations and Conflict between Sudan and South Sudan. The first objective was to analyze the underlying causes of border conflict between Sudan and South Sudan in particular Abyei region. The second objective was to examine the challenges limiting efforts to establish peace and stability along the border region between the two countries. The third objective was to propose comprehensive peacebuilding strategies that can be applied to end the conflict and build Abyei region with a solid foundation and to clearly indicate win-win solution for the long standing of border conflicts between the two nations.The cross-sectional research design of the study was used and a case study Abyei region used as an illustrative example. The population was 300,000 all the population was utilized for the study. And of which 120 respondents were used as a representative sample. The researcher concluded that competition for control of natural resources and power were major causes of conflict in Abyei region. In addition, colonial legacy, tribalism, repression of government and lack of political commitment to sit and find a lasting solution for the persistent conflict were other factors that exacerbate the problem. At the end of the study, it was recommended that the complexity of the conflict showed that the success of reaching a resolution lies in, among others, applying bottom-top approach for the problem where by traditional leaders and civil society groups should actively get involved in finding a durable and lasting solution for the problem. Moreover, there should be new and strong political and leadership commitment from both Sudan and South Sudan to find a win-win solution. The researcher also recommended the establishment of a bicameral system in which traditional leaders and religious scholars are given a formal role in the management of the society as well as in the local administration of Abyei region.
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    Accountability and Socio-Economic Development in Middle Shabelle Region, Somalia
    (2024) Ali Abdi Yusuf
    This research aimed at investigating the effects of accountability on socio-economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. The objectives were to examine the effects of political accountability on socio-economic development, to determine the effects of administrative accountability on socio-economic development, and to find out the effects of legal accountability on socio-economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. This research study was underpinned by the liberalism theory stated by John Locke (1632–1704). The researcher used a correlational research design to establish the facts regarding political instability and economic development in the Middle Shabelle region, Somalia. Data from the questionnaires were edited, coded, and entered into a computer, and the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) program was used to analyze it. The test of significance for the regression model was determined by using ANOVA. The coefficient of determination, (r2), was the square of the sample correlation coefficient between outcomes and predicted values. Findings showed that the results on the Pearson's Linear Coefficient Correlation showed that r = 0.298, Sig. value = 0.005 < P value at 0.05. The overall mean reveals that the effects of legal accountability on socio-economic development in Somalia had a mean rate of 2.88 and a standard deviation of 0.78, estimated at 78%, and was high. Additionally, the results on the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were r = 0.493, Sig. value = 0.000 < P value at 0.05. The researcher concluded that political accountability is one of the fundamental prerequisites for successful socio-economic development in a country. The researcher recommended that the Federal Government of Somalia should undertake serious and long-term reforms on the leadership aspect, especially reinforcing administrative accountability so that it can remain and contribute to the socioeconomic aspects of the country.
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    Activities of Non- Governmental Organizations and Project Implementation:
    (Kampala International University, 2023-08) Abdi, Mohamed Hassan
    This study focused on the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations and Project Implementation using a study of World Vision, Mogadishu, Somalia. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of management commitment and support on the implementation of NGO-funded projects in World Vision, Somalia, to examine the effect of project team competence on the implementation of NGO- funded projects in World Vision, Somalia, to establish the extent to which community participation influences implementation of NGO-funded projects in World Vision, Somalia and to explore how government involvement contributes to the implementation of projects done by NGOs in World Vision, Somalia. The study was guided by the Contingency theory by Ainuddin, R. A. (2007). The study employed a cross-sectional study to examine the activities of Non- Governmental Organisations and Project Implementation. A sample of 105 was taken as per krecie’s and Morgan’s table following a target population of 143 people. The study used questionnaire and interview guide as the main tools for collecting data. The choice of data collection tools was dictated by the nature of data to be collected; the time available as well as the objective of the study. Findings from the study revealed that, project manager competence should be taken into account when assigning a project manager to a project, project manager were competence in the planning of the project activities and how resources will be utilized. Findings also revealed that groups and departments in organizations, coordination becomes a very important means of integrating the various activities, coordination facilitates social interactions where multiple actors work towards achieving a common goal, community participation influence systems, change relationships among partners, and serve as catalysts for changing policies, programs, and practices. The study concluded that, there is relationship between non-governmental organization and project implementation in World Vision organization Mogadishu, Somalia. A positive and significant relationship between non-governmental organization and project implementation in World Vision organization Mogadishu, Somalia and that Non-Governmental Projects require sufficient Manager Competences and coordination if their performance is to be felt. The study recommends that NGO project Managers should gain these competencies through training so that they are able to transform the livelihood of the people that benefit from their organizations, project managers and officers should effectively involve the community in areas such as goal identification, project design and others so that projects of NGOs are effectively implemented and Project managers in charge of Non-Governmental projects ought to ensure effective coordination of various project activities. This result to easy access of information from other team members and team members also become fully aware of the tasks they are expected to accomplish.
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    Activity planning and success of community development projects in selected organizations of Bosaso District, Puntland, Somalia
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2015-06) Khadra, Fatah Mohamed
    This study was instigated with the intent to investigate the influence that activity planning has on success of community projects in Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia. The study was guided by three objectives 1) To examine the process used in planning for activities in selected local and international non-governmental organizations of Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia 2) to evaluate the success of community development projects in selected local and international non-governmental organizations of Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia and 3) to establish a relationship between activity planning and success of community development projects among local and international non-governmental organizations of Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia. The research assumed a descriptive correlational study design which involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Using this method, the researcher used a structured questionnaire ( close ended) and an interview guide (for qualitative responses). A research population of 650 was identified and a sample size of 248 respondents was computed using the Slovene's formula. In selecting the respondents the researcher used stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling together with purposive sampling techniques. From the findings it was found that the activity planning process at the projects was low. On the other hand, project success was also found to be low. The researcher went ahead to examine the relationships between the study variables and it was found out that there was a significant relationship between activity planning and project success at within the projects as it was computed at a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.791. Regression analysis computed the R Squared was to be at 0.626. The researcher recommended use of computerized activity planning tools, training of staff, contingency plans, adherence to project policies and benchmarking with other projects.
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    Activity planning and success of community development projects in selected organizations of Bosaso District, Puntland, Somalia
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2015-06) Khadra, Fatah Mohamed
    This study was instigated with the intent to investigate the influence that activity planning has on success of community projects in Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia. The study was guided by three objectives 1) To examine the process used in planning for activities in selected local and international non-governmental organizations of Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia 2) to evaluate the success of community development projects in selected local and international non-governmental organizations of Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia and 3) to establish a relationship between activity planning and success of community development projects among local and international non-governmental organizations of Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia. The research assumed a descriptive correlational study design which involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Using this method, the researcher used a structured questionnaire (close ended) and an interview guide (for qualitative responses). A research population of 650 was identified and a sample size of 248 respondents was computed using the Slovene's formula. In selecting the respondents the researcher used stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling together with purposive sampling techniques. From the findings it was found that the activity planning process at the projects was low. On the other hand, project success was also found to be low. The researcher went ahead to examine the relationships between the study variables and it was found out that there was a significant relationship between activity planning and project success at within the projects as it was computed at a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.791. Regression analysis computed the R Squared was to be at 0.626. The researcher recommended use of computerized activity planning tools, training of staff, contingency plans, adherence to project policies and benchmarking with other projects.
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    Activity planning and success of community projects in selected organizations in Maroodijeex region, Somalia
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2013-11) Hamse, Abdillahi Abdi Koshin
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    Adherence to anti-retroviral therapy and hiv/ aids at joint clinic research centre, mengo kisenyi, kampala uganda:
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2011-08) Singiza, Winnie Banko
    This study set out to investigate on adherence to ARVS among HIV/AIDS patients in joint Clinic research Mengo Kisenyi, Kampala. The study employed descriptive research design and it basically used primary data collected from patients, medical staff and administrative staff. The objectives of this study were; to determine the profile of respondents, to find out various causes of non adherence to ARVS in Uganda, to identify ways of maintaining patient adherence to ARVS regimen, and to find out the effects of non - adherence to the patients. The study found out that most of the respondents were male (77.9%), female were (22.i%) and the majority were 35years and above and these were basically married people. It also was found out that non adherence to ARV5 was at moderate level. The main attributes of this level are imbedded hardness to access ARVs (mean=3.89), effects that influence people’s health (mean=3.43), stigma resulting from ARV5 (mean = 3.87). About the end points over non adherence to the patients were rated high with an overall mean of 3.28. Results show that there is a significant relation between non adherence to ARVs and resulting end points to patients at ]CRC Mengo, Kampala. Based on findings, the researcher recommended that the government should invest heavily in sensitizing HIV/AIDs patients to adhere to ARVs. Patients should always look for social support net work in order to be assisted in acquiring and taking the ARVS appropriately
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    Adherence to Media Ethics in Participatory Journalism in Selected Universities within Kampala Metropolitan, Uganda
    (2024) Kiconco Agnes
    This research was carried out to evaluate the level of participatory journalism among students from selected universities in Kampala, Uganda, and their adherence to media ethics. Participatory journalism, also known as citizen journalism or collaborative journalism, involves the active involvement of audience members in the news gathering, reporting, and publishing process. The objectives of the study; to assess the impact of participatory journalism on accuracy, to examine how participatory journalism has affected fairness and to evaluate the extent to which participatory journalism has affected confidentiality in reporting, editing and publishing, were to analyze the historical role and impact of participatory journalism, both historically and in contemporary settings, and to understand the factors contributing to its growth, such as technological advancements and media consolidation. With 45.9%, majority of the respondents falling in the 23-27 age range, data was derived through social media surveys and interviews with students, majority (36.7%) being from Makerere University, supplemented by a review of relevant literature. Using a theoretical framework grounded in Press/Media's Social Responsibility theory, the study especially employed qualitative data analysis techniques. The findings indicated that while students actively engage in participatory journalism, there is a varying degree of adherence to media ethics. The study recommended enhancing media literacy programs and fostering a symbiotic relationship between participatory and traditional journalism to improve ethical standards and journalistic quality.
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    Administrative decentralization and poverty alleviation in Mbale district-Uganda
    (Kampala International University,College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2015-10) Ahmed, Hassan Yussuf
    This study delved into administrative decentralization and poverty alleviation in Bubulo, Bungokho and Mcny•iya counties, Mbale district. Specifically, the study sought to establish the role played by administrative decentralization in alleviating poverty in the above-mentioned counties and to what extents are administrative decentralization being achieved in the three counties above to alleviate pove1iy. Data was collected from three counties (Bubulo, Bungokho and Manjiya) in Mbale district, which were randomly selected to represent the views of the different respondents such as civil servant of the local government, local administrators and policy implementers and area residents. Among these varied respondents, local administrators, policy implementers and some civil servants of the local government responded to a questionnaire and area residents and some civil servant of the local government were interviewed. The findings were that administrative decentralization impacted positively on pove1iy alleviation in Bubulo, Bungokho and Manjiya counties, Mbale district especially on life expectancy, adult literacy and income but not to the required standard when it comes to safe drinking water and nutrition. However, due to administrative decentralization, the quality of safe drinking water and nutrition improved as compared to the previous centralized system of governance.It was, therefore, concluded that administrative decentralization yielded positive results on poverty alleviation in Bubulo, Bungokho and Manjiya counties, Mbale district but corruption was a hindrance to a better result though corruption was minimized since the introduction of administrative decentralization. Therefore, corruption needs to be combated to improve the positive impact of administrative decentralization on poverty alleviation.
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    Administrative decentralization and socio-economic development in Mogadishu Local Government, Somalia
    (Kampala International University, college of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021-08) Tarabi, Abdifitah Salad
    The study sought to examine the relationship between administrative decentralization and socio-economic development in Mogadishu Local Government, Somalia. The study objectives were; to determine the effect of delegation on socio-economic development, to examine the effect of devolution on socio-economic development and to establish the effect of deconcentration on socio-economic development. The study was based on the sequential theory developed by Falleti in (2004). The study was based on the sequential theory developed by Falleti in (2004). This study adopted sequential research design on a sample size of 331 participants. Two sampling techniques were used; purposive sampling and systematic sampling techniques. Both primary and secondary data was used. Primary data was collected from the respondents through self-administered questionnaire and key informant interview guide. The data was presented in tabular form with frequencies, percentages and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between delegation, devolution, deconcentration and socio-economic development with 0.082, 0.913 and 0.695 Pearson correlation coefficient values respectively. The study concluded that effective transfer of responsibility for planning, financing and managing public functions, from the central government to lower levels of government improves the efficiency and effectiveness of government provided goods and services. The study recommends that the government should review and improve local economic development in Mogadishu through engaging community members. Transparency at the local level should also be enhanced through score cards for public services.
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    Administrative Skills and Performance of Local Administrative Officials in Selected Local Governments in Hargeisa, Somaliland.
    (Kampala International University ,College of humanities and social science, 2012-12) Muna, Rashid Ege
    The study was conducted at Hargeisa, Somaliland; Hargeisa is a the secondlargest city in Somalia, located in the Woqooyi Galbeed region. Hargeisa is the capital of Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia. It was the colonial capital of the British Somaliland protectorate from 1941 to 1960, when it gained independence as the State of Somaliland and united with Italian Somaliland to form the Somali Republic. The city is situated in a valley in the Galgodon (Ogo) highlands, and sits at an elevation of 4,377 feet (1,334 m). Home to rock art from the Neolithic period, Hargeisa is also a commercial hub for precious stone-cutting, construction, retail services and importing/exporting, among other activities. This study was based on the Expectancy Theory by Vroom (1964), which proposes that a person will decide to behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. In essence, the motivation of the behavior selection is determined by the desirability of the 9 outcome. However, at the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. The study was confined to the level administrative skills in terms of Organize personal work priorities; Participate in workplace safety procedures; Aware of OH&S requirements; Produce various business correspondence documents; Experienced in filing and updating records; Planning travel itineraries, arranging accommodation for meetings or conventions; Produce simple word processed documents; Create and use simple spreadsheets; Completion of mail duties; Daily banking; Planning, organizing and implementation of projects/programs; Experienced in general office procedures; Experienced in use of all office equipment; Able to work as part of a team; Maintenance of petty cash; Stock management as well as Fast and accurate typing in Local government in Hargeisa-Sornaliland. The study was covered the period between February 2012 to January ,2013. It will start with a proposal development between April 2011 to January July, 2012 the next activity is formulating chapters of the study wherein the data gathered from the survey will be integrated and the analysis of the data included in the research. This will take place with in April, 2012 and October, will be for writing a final report and in July the final report will be defended.
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    Affirmative action and women’s participation in politics of Gabiley Region in Somaliland
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2014-11) Abdirahman, Hassan Muhumed Khalif
    The study sought to determine the relationship between affirmative action and women’s participation in politics in the Gabiley Region of Somaliland. This study was guided by four objectives which consist of these objectives; to determine the demographic characteristics of the study respondents; to determine the level of affirmative action in Gabiley Region; to determine the extent of women’s participation in politics and to establish the relationship between affirmative action and women’s participation, in politics. Using a cross sectional survey design, data were collected from 381 respondent’; by the use of a structured questionnaire. The study found that affirmative action in the Gabiley Region was low; the level of women’s participation in politics in the Gabiley Region is low and that affirmative action has a significant positive influence on women’s participation in politics (r 0.741 p value<0.05). The study further found that affirmative action has a significant effect on the level women’s participation in politics in the Gabiley Region (F1 18, P>0.05; ,8 ~0.741, p
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    Affirmative action women's participation in politics of Gabiley region in Somaliland
    (Kampala International University, 2014-11) Muhumed, Abdirahman Hassan
    The study sought to determine the relationship between affirmative and women's participation in politics in the Gabiley region of Somali land.
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    African union contribution to continental peace and security in South Sudan
    (Kampala International University, 2017) Garang Deng, Gabriel
    The research was to study the African Union contribution in continental peace and security in South Sudan
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    African Union Member States Interventions and Promotion of Pan-Africanism: A Study of Uganda
    (2024) Eric Musana
    The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between African Union member states interventions and promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda. The study was guided by three specific objectives that included; (i) To assess the effect of Diplomatic Engagement on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda, (ii) To establish the effect of Economic cooperation on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda, and (iii) To assess the effect of Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda. This study was guided by Dependency Theory, which was formulated by Raúl Prebisch, an Argentine economist, in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Prebisch, serving as the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), developed this theory in response to the economic challenges faced by developing countries, particularly in Latin America. Dependency Theory is pertinent when examining the interventions of African Union member states and their efforts to promote Pan-Africanism. The theory posits that developing nations, including those in Africa, are influenced by external forces and dominant powers (Durand & Milberg, 2019). This study utilizes Dependency Theory to analyze the extent to which interventions are driven by the economic or political interests of external actors and to assess their impact on Pan-African goals. The study was based on correlational research design. The study targeted respondents with varying knowledge on Pan Africanism which included; members of parliament of Uganda, Diplomatic officials in Uganda, political parties’ representatives, Civil Society Representatives, Delegates from African Union Commission (AUC) Liaison Office in Uganda and Delegates from African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) National Secretariat. These were chosen using both simple random and purposing techniques and Slovene’s formula (1932) to determine a sample of 251. The study findings indicated that, the diplomatic engagement is meant to spur States to focus on capacity building and encourage each other to invest in an effort to build strong foundations. The study findings further show that economic cooperation between countries enhances trade and boosts economic growth. In conclusion though, the study concluded that there was a positively significant effect of diplomatic engagement on Promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda (r= .461, Pvalue < 0.01) which implied that diplomatic engagement will result into a corresponding good and improved Promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda. The study also concluded that there was a positive and moderately significant effect of Economic cooperation on promotion of Pan-Africanism in Uganda (r =.597, P-value < 0.01) which implied that economic cooperation has promoted Pan-Africanism in Uganda which enhances trade and boosts economic growth; and hence bilateral economic agreements promote investment and create job opportunities. And lastly, the study concluded that there was a positive and significant effect of Peacekeeping on Conflict Resolution in Uganda, and this was indicated by the F-value=25.992 and Sig-value=.000, since the sig. value (0.000) was less than 0.05 and which is the maximum level of significance required to declare a significant effect. The study however recommended that a collective need to work to sustain the positive synergies and mutual reinforcement between security, democratic political reforms, and economic growth.
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    African union military intervention and peace building in Mogadishu, Somalia
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018-08) Ashwaq, Abdi Hashi
    The study “African Union Military Intervention and Peace Building in Somalia” set out to examine the extent to which the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) ‘has contributed to stability and peace building in Somalia. The objectives among others includes assessing the role of AMISOM in resolving instability and conflict in Somalia, examining the challenges faced by AMISOM in managing the conflict and building peace in Somalia, as well as the methods used by the African Union military intervention forces in peace building in Somalia. Conceptualized on the premise of the ‘Just War theory’; the study adopted the exploratory descriptive research design using Survey as the research method, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Findings reveal that the continental peace architecture of African Union through AMISOM provides an institutional framework for implementing the concept of a comprehensive peace that encompasses conflict prevention, peacemaking. Peacekeeping, post-conflict reconstruction and peace building. At the pinnacle of this architecture is the AU Peace and Security Council (PSC) established in 2004 with ten members elected for two-year terms and five for three-year terms in order to provide some stability and continuity to the Council’s leadership. Further findings reveal that the African Upion Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) to a large extent have succeeded in restoring peace and order, and ensuring a central government in Somalia. Based on the findings, the study concludes that though African Union Military Intervention in Somalia suffers from poor institutional competence, lack of resources, funds and troop contributions, and remains highly dependent on assistance from outside organizations which tend to undermine its effectiveness to main peace and stability, it has been a stabilizing element in Somalia. The study therefore, recommends increased funding for AMISOM; inclusion of young people as stakeholders in the peace building and security process; adoption of awareness and sensitization as part of the AMISOM intervention; as well as establishment of community information control channels
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    African union mission and peace keeping process in Mogadishu- Somalia
    (Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social Science, 2023-05) Mohamed, Abdi Mohamed
    The study sought to examine the effect of African Union Mission and Peace Keeping process in Mogadishu-Somalia since 2007 to date. The specific objectives of the study were (i) to establish the effect of African Union Mission and disarmament of Alshabaab in Mogadishu-Somalia, (ii) to evaluate the effect of African Union Mission in demobilization of Somali troops in Mogadishu-Somalia. The study used a correlation analysis design since it is concerned with the effect of international troops and human security in Somalia. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data collection and interpretation were performed using quantitative techniques, and general knowledge on the topic was obtained from the various stakeholders involved in the research. The target population was 183 citizens, including delegates from foreign troops and officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Mogadishu, as well as selected delegates from foreign troops in Mogadishu. These individuals were chosen because they are thought to have ample knowledge of international troops and human security in Somalia. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS program to produce descriptive statistics, and Qualitative data analysis was analyzed using narrative analysis approach basing on Interview extracts from officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Mogadishu yielded qualitative results. The findings on the effect of Military intervention in assistance of Somali security forces on Human security in Mogadishu revealed that Military intervention like the intervention of AMISOM troops have involved with Somali Police to provide safe passage and protection of all those involved with the peace and reconciliation process” and for the contribution “to the creation of the necessary security conditions for the provision of humanitarian assistance as It was also revealed in the findings that Military interventions of AMISOM are now in the process of gradually handing over security responsibilities to the Somali security forces, as the country makes progress in navigating the difficult terrain from conflict to peace as seen. The findings on the effect of Military intervention against Al-Shabaab forces on Human security revealed that Military interventions like AMISOM have fights against al-Shabaab to pushed out al-Shabaab from of Mogadishu to protect local populations from the hazard of al-Shabaab and to accelerates livelihood of Somalis and to foster the economic condition, Military interventions like AMISOM have made good relationship with the civilians through provision of civil-military assistance like facilitating humanitarian relief and giving medical care to civilians in fighting Al-Shabaab in Mogadishu. The findings on the effect of Military intervention in protection of government facilities on Human security revealed that Military intervention like AMISOM troops have been actively involved in protection of government facilities from al-Shabaab attacks specially offices of the federal government of Somalia included the State house, parliament in order government Somalia to fulfill their role of security, economy and promotion inclusive politics as emphasized. The study concluded that AMISOM’s mandate makes very little reference to protection of civilians through assisting of Somali security forces with enough military force and only provides for the assistance of “free movement, safe passage and protection of all those involved with the peace and reconciliation process” and for the contribution “to the creation of the necessary security conditions for the provision of humanitarian assistance. AMISOM personnel were depicted as supporting a brutal occupying force in Mogadishu (the Ethiopian National Defense Force).
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    African Union Operations and Sustainability of Peace Building in Mogadishu Somalia
    (Kampala International University,Master degree of Arts in International Relations and Diplomatic Studies, 2015-06) Omar Ali, Abdukadir
    The study examined the role African union operations and sustainability of peace building in Mogadishu-Somalia. The objectives of the study were to; to investigate the sustainability of peace building in Mogadishu-Somalia, to examine the effectiveness of African Union intervention Peace building in Mogadishu-Somalia and to analyse the relationship between African Union peace operations and peace building in Mogadishu Somalia. The research used a descriptive design, descriptive co relational, cross sectional and survey designs. It was descriptive in that it described the characteristics of respondents in collecting data from the study population totaling 356 respondents. Sampling technique was used to select the sample of 188 respondents from Mogadishu, Somalia, Ministry of interior affairs committee, other community members, Parliament committee, Local government committee were interviewed. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis option of SPSS, and was then presented using Pearson correlation. It was found out that; males greatly participated in the study as represented by 58.5% whereas 41.4% of the respondents were females; implying that African union peace operation in Somalia involved males as they are known of their strong influence and ability in resolving conflict compared to females. Further findings revealed, based on the findings detailed from the respondent, it is clear that AU has made an important and substantial contribution to improving the security situation in Somalia. In particular, this relates to the seizure of Mogadishu from ai-Shabaab in 2011. This turn of events was facilitated by several factors, including the 2010 authorization of an increase in AU troop numbers, which increased the manpower of the mission. The study recommends that a shortage of funds prevents the AU from producing a substantial peacekeeping mission. This reality therefore prescribes the AU to investigate more economically efficient means of attaining peace; mediation has proven promising in this regard as has peace building and preventative diplomacy. Also for regionalism to take hold there must be some economic inter dependency. African union in this vain requires the AU membership to maintain the development of infrastructure and economic interdependence between members. However, a large caveat to this is infrastructure in Africa most likely originates from foreign investment overseas. This requires AU membership to be economically dependent upon foreign investment rather than being interdependent upon each other.
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    Agricultural Value Chain Development and Women Economic Empowerment in Democratic Republic Of Congo.
    (Kampala International University, 2022-06) Bidorho, Akonkwa
    The purpose of the study was to examine the role of agricultural value chain development on women economic empowerment in Aru Territory, DRC. The specific objectives of the study were; I. To assess the influence of women participation in primary production on their economic empowerment in Aru Territory, DRC.ii. To assess the contribution of women participation in processing phase on their economic empowerment in Aru Territory, DRC.iii. To determine the effect of women participation in marketing phase on their economic empowerment in Aru Territory, DRC. The theory used in this study was the socialist feminist theory which was developed by Karl Marx in 1960 to describe a mixed theoretical and practical approach to achieving gender equality. The study used cross-sectional research design, the population target were 400 people of which a sample of 200 was selected, the study employed both random and purposive sampling techniques to select participants. Questionnaire, interview guide and document review were the instruments of the study and data was analysed using SPSS. The study revealed that women in Aru to some extent have access to land but they have less access to improved agricultural inputs because they are expensive and women farmers rely on manual labor as they fail to access mechanized farming equipment therefore women do not achieve their production targets (Mean 2.51). The study concluded that women participation in the processing phase greatly contributes to women economic empowerment as the findings have indicated a positive relationship between the low-income level of women and their inability to participate in the processing phase where value is added to their farm products, as a result women earn some income but the income is not sustainable (Mean 2.31). The study on the third objective concluded that women in Aru do not have decision making power and they have not yet obtained freedom of movement and control over time (Mean2.30). The Study recommended that the government and NGOs targeting women economic empowerment should put more emphasis on breaking barriers that hinder women’s participation in agricultural value chains in Aru so that women can benefit more from agriculture practices. The financial institutions should review their policies that hinder women from accessing credits independently. Government should improve security and transport system to allow easy movement of farmers and enable their products to quickly reach the markets.