Bachelor of Clinical Medicine and Community Health(BCM)

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Prevalence of hypertension among mothers attending antenatal clinic at Kampala International University teaching hospital Bushenyi District western Uganda
(Kampala International University. School of Health Sciences (Western Campus), 2014-06) Abdinasir, H. Yusuf
This research set out to assess the prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women attending antenatal care at KIU-TH. Specific objectives included: determining proportion of pregnant women with hypertension, to assess factors related to hypertension and complications due to hypertension. It was noted that all the respondents in the study population had ever been diagnosed with hypertension or have hypertension. This was attributed to the fact that they were pregnant and pregnancy puts women at a high risk to hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. The major factor noted to predispose the pregnant women to hypertension was adding extra salt to food. This was blamed on the fact that the respondents did not know the health effects of adding extra salt to already prepared food. This can be addressed by adequate health talks during antenatal care period. Other factors noted to predispose one to hypertension was family linkages/genes, taking alcohol and smoking. Most of the respondents agreed that if hypertension is not treated complications can arise. The major complications that can arise due to unmanaged hypertension according to the respondents were cardiovascular diseases. Other complications that closely followed were pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. This knowledge expressed was expected since most individuals believe hypertension is directly related to the cardiovascular system though they don’t know the exact mechanism of how the two are related
Attitudes and practices on breastfeeding among mothers seeking medical care at Mandera district hospital, Mandera district, North Eastern Kenya
(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences, 2014-06) Abdihakim Ismail Elmi
Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as the practice of giving a child milk and milk alone without any food supplement for the first six months of life. Though there has been an adequate intervention to scale up exclusive breastfeeding, there still remains a big gap to overcome in the adaptation of exclusive breast feeding including cultural barriers, knowledge gaps and attitudes. A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted at Mandera Hospital, Kenya to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding between January 2014 and June 2014.This study found out that majority of mothers (75%) have heard and have and up to date knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, 25% started breastfeeding within a day and 11.84% said they started breastfeeding after a day of delivering. This study also found out that 38(43.68%) of the mothers believed that exclusive breastfeeding is inadequate, and 19(21.84%) says that exclusive breastfeeding makes a child feels hungry. Breastfeeding is highly practices among mothers attending Mandera hospital, though many mothers have limited knowledge on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding to the baby. And finally recommended that government should adapt local polices to control barriers to breastfeeding especially among working mothers, Health sector should provide education to mothers on the value of breastfeeding and the importance of breastfeeding for a longer period of time and that mother peer to peer groups should be established within the communities to provide ongoing support to other mothers at community levels.
Self-Medication among Patients Attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Out Patient Department Ishaka-Bushenyi District, Western Uganda.
(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences, Western campus, 2017-07) Birungi, Solomon
Self-medication use has led society to antibiotic resistance-a serious health problem worldwide. AIM: This study aimed to assess prevalence, factors, common drugs used to treat the common symptoms and sources of the drugs used in self-medication by patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Ishaka, Bushenyi district in Western Uganda. STUDY DESIGN: The cross-sectional descriptive study method was processed using questionnaires in different out-patient clinics at l
Assessment of Factors Associated with Caesarean Section Among Women Attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study
(International Journal of Case Studies in Clinical Research, 2020-03-02) Theophilus Pius; Namiwanda Joaniter; Solomon Mbina; Saphurah Nabaasa; Susan Nabukeera; Ibrahim Ntulume; Robinson Ssebuufu; Ejike Daniel Eze
The rate of caesarean section has continue to increase worldwide and the lack of harmony on its indications and the associated short and long-term risks has been a cause of concern among health professionals and the public at large. A retrospective study was done to assess factors associated with caesarean section at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH) Western Uganda from 2017- 2018. KIU-TH is the biggest hospital in Bushenyi district and also served as a referral hospital to neighbouring district in Western and other parts of Uganda. This study reviewed 320 women records that underwent CS. Data was collected systematically using simple structured questionnaires and was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Out of the 320 records reviewed, patient related factors has an increased odd with maternal ages 32-38 and 39-45 were significance, Occupational status, Level of education and primigravidas were significance factors associated with rate of CS. On medical related factors, fetal distress, obstructed/prolonged labour, premature rapture of membrane and mal-presentation were significance associated factors at p-value<0.005 respectively. Despite the factors indicated in this study, pregnant women with should be encourage to attend antenatal clinics for proper preparation towards safe delivery in order to avoid high rate of CS dependent delivery.
A Systematic Review on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a group of lymphoid neoplasms that are morphologically and immunophenotypically similar to B and T lineage progenitors. The pathogenesis of ALL involves the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of clonal populations of lymphoid cells. Studies in pediatric populations have identified genetic syndromes that predispose to a small number of ALL cases, including Down's syndrome, Fanconi's anemia, Bloom's syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and Nijmegen's breakdown syndrome. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been hailed as a major success story in pediatric oncology with the advent of dose-escalating chemotherapy and allogeneic SCT. However, the high risk of this disease and the significant toxicities associated with chemotherapy in adults make the results less promising. Because some studies have shown benefits of pediatric-inspired therapies, much uncertainty remains about how adults with ALL can best be managed
Chromium (Cr) Biosorption, from High Energy Battery (Heb) Effluent Using Fung
(Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Vajiha Banu Habeeb Mohamed; Sumithra Pasumalarasu; Kavitha Parangusadoss; Kannahi Manoharan; Vidya Sankarapandain; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Sunil Kumar; Wilson Mathembele
In the current industrialized world, uses of batteries have gained importance as a result of its high performance and energy storage system. Though, battery was considered safe and produced less carbon foot print, it also has its ill effects such as heavy metal contamination in water and soil, which is also at its threshold to be addressed. Here comes the concern, about the elevated heavy metal concentration especially chromium in the environment and its health hazards exerted over all living organisms. Thus, as an approach towards the bio sorption of chromium from environment, fungal isolates obtained from soil samples of HEB effluent were screened for their resistance and efficiency. Among the 36 fungal isolates attained, Aspergillus was found to be most predominant in both eastern and western area, as well as more resistant to chromium even at 1000 ppm. On further optimization of pH, Temperature, incubation period, carbon source, nitrogen source and phosphorous, it concluded that medium with Glucose, malt extract and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 5 showed significant growth and proficient absorption of chromium under static condition. The 18s rRNA gene sequencing of the effectual organism revealed to be Aspergillus niger (KY354579) with 99 % according to BLAST analysis.
Clinical characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS on ART in 2014 at tertiary health institutions in Enugu, Nigeria.
(2022) Matthew Chibunna Igwe; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor
Background information: Survival of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased since the emergency of High Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in 1996. HIV cascades have been constructed so that the final outcome is one that will have a positive effect on reducing HIV incidence, morbidity and mortality by suppressing the viral load and thereby increased the CD4 cell counts. The study was aimed to determine the Longitudinal Cascade and Survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in tertiary health institutions in Enugu state. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study population consisted of those diagnosed for HIV/AIDS at tertiary health institutions in Enugu State. The total numbers of clients enrolled were 793 and 249 clients were loss to follow up, majority was males. Those initiated on ART were 544. Clients of age <15 years were excluded and they were 31 clients. Finally, 500 clients were selected, males were 138 and female were 362 by simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected from HIV / AIDS patients ART record cards, registers and institutions data units for those initiated on ART in 2014 using a designed proforma. Those clients aged 15 years and above were retrospectively studied between 2014 and 2018 and some of them that survived after five years (60 months) on ART were interviewed by applying simple random sampling technique. Cohort inclusion begins at initiation on ART with follow-up clinical information collected year by year for five years. IBM SPSS statistics version 24.0 was used. Chi square test was used to assess association between categorical variables and the level of statistical significance of the proportions was determined by a P-value less than 0.05. Manual content analysis was used for the interview and probability of dying and surviving analysis. Results: The majority of the baseline CD4 cell count results presented by clients before initiated on ART were within 100-199 cell/mm3 106 (23.1%). This was followed by those within 200-299 cell/mm3 105 (22.9%). The least baseline results were those within the group ≤ 50 cell/mm3, 33 (7.17%). In all, 460 people presented their CD4 cell count baseline results before placed on ART. CD4 cell count results at 60 month indicate that those clients of CD4 cell count results group ≥ 500, 160 (51.1%) were highest, followed by group within 400- 499, 300-399 and 200-299 which while 92 (29.4%), 45 (14.4%) and 16 (5.1%) respectively. Conclusion: Based on the study, HIV prevalence in Nigeria now appears to have assumed a downward trend following the availability of ART and a relative stability from 2012 to 2018, yet a sustained and more effective intervention is still needed to avert increase incidence by mostat– risk subpopulations in the Enugu State.
A Systematic Review on Acute Kidney Injury Among Children With Severe Malaria
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Uchenna Echefu; Uche George
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in children with severe malaria is common and associated with adverse hospital outcome. It has become increasingly prevalent in both developed and developing countries and it is associated with severe morbidity and mortality especially in children. The recognized factors associated with acute kidney injury among children with severe malaria are sociodemographic factors (age, sex, age of parents and level of education of parents); clinical factors and laboratory factors such hyperparasitaemia, hypoglycaemia, low level of haemoglobin and thrombocytopenia. This review showed that there is a high prevalence of acute kidney injury among children with severe malaria. Acute kidney injury among children with severe malaria is associated with low level of education of caretakers, young age of children, history of receiving NSAIDs and anaemia. The mortality rate of children with AKI is high.
Codeine Substitute Challenges Drug and Substance Abuse Controls in Nigeria
(Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2022) Nnaemeka Okorie; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Olayinka Catherine Adeniran; Azi Simon Onyema; Ude, Ugomma Agwu
Codeine substitute challenges to drug and substance abuse controls in Nigeria: Histopathology evaluations of Norvegicus rattus on lacatomtom is novel research that aimed to evaluate the Codeine substitute challenges to drugs and substance abuse; histopathology perspective and oxidative biomarkers evaluation of the tissues cum chemical pathology analysis of the serum of the control and intervened subjects. The experimental subjects were grouped into control, acute and chronic (T1, T2, and T3) respectively; the acute groups of the oral administration of lacatomtom mixture were given 0.01mg/g of lacatomtom for 14 days while the chronic were given for 42 days and periodically weighed and recorded; The Animals were sacrificed and the organs harvested following ethical procedures for animal killing. The blood and tissues of the harvested organs (blood, lungs, liver, and kidney) under investigation were subjected to chemical pathology analysis to assess the liver and kidney functions, then proceeded to histopathological examination using formalin fixed paraffin processed methods with both routine and special stains, liver, lungs and kidney homogenate were subjected to oxidative stress biomarkers test (MDA, SOD, Gpx, GSH and Catalase). Histopathology results first revealed a severe cellular injury in all the organs under study compare to the normal control; significance (p<0.5) elevation found among some enzymes AST, ALP ALT are also an indication of damaged liver, increase MDA and reduced SOD, Gpx, GSH and catalase correlate the histology results and biochemistry.
An Insight on Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Pediatric Perspective
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Keerthana Gnanavel
Acute leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy, accounting for nearly 35% of all childhood cancers. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 15-20% of childhood acute leukemias. The majority of AML cases are de novo, but a minority may present as secondary malignancies. AML is a highly heterogeneous disease, the diagnosis of which involves morphology, immune phenotyping, cytochemistry, and diagnostic analyzes involving leukemic blasts derived from peripheral blood or bone marrow exhibiting cytogenic and molecular characteristics. Includes combinations. By identifying recurrent genetic mutations, it is now possible to improve individual prognosis and guide treatment management. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that requires a multifaceted therapeutic approach. Although the outcomes of low-risk AML have improved significantly over the past decades, high-risk AML continues to be associated with poor prognosis. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, risk stratification, and supportive care have helped improve outcomes in childhood AML
An Update on Interferon Gamma and C Reactive Proteins in Sickle Cell Anaemia Crisis
(Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Onyekachi Splendid Uwakwe; Sarah Nakyeyune; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Sickle cell disease has been described by many scholars as a chronic inflammatory disease which is linked to many factors such as endothelial destruction, increased synthesis of reactive oxygen specie, haemolysis, increased synthesis of pro inflammatory cytokines among others. Inflammatory process play a major function in the activation of acute painful vaso-occlusion crisis that forms the main reason for the hospitalization of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Inflammatory processes, are key components of several complications of the disease including autosplenectomy, acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, leg ulcer, nephropathy and stroke and also ultimately initiates painful vaso-occlusion episodes that characterize Sickle Cell Disease. This study titled “Update on Interferon Gamma and C Reactive Proteins in Sickle Cell Anaemia in Crises, aims at finding out the recent updates on interferon gamma; a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and auto-immunity, and CRP; an acute phase protein used as a marker of inflammation in sickle cell anaemia patients in crisis. A lot of search engines were consulted in the course of writing this review such as scopus, Pubmed Central, Web of Science, Semantics, Google Scholar, Researchgate, Academia Edu, etc. Previous studies have suggested that levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines vary between steady-state and crisis states in SCA patients, hypothesized to help monitor clinical progression of the disease. . Newer therapies that target pathways downstream of the sickle are considered better options. This knowledge may have implications for the development of new treatments for sickle cell disease.
An Update on The Role Of Cytokines In HIV Infection: Immunomodulation Pathways
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Gina Flor Ramos; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Rifkatu Hassan
HIV immune activation plays an important role in the immune pathogenesis of this disease. The mechanisms that drive this immune activation are partially defined and may be the result of multiple factors. Although the introduction of concomitant antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved life expectancy in HIV-infected individuals, some sustained immune activation occurs in these patients when plasma HIV RNA levels are 'undetectable'. There is evidence that A better understanding of immune activation pathways should be of value in developing complementary therapies to restore the immune system in HIV-infected patients. This paper describes cytokine-mediated pathways of immune activation of her CD4 and CD8 T-cell pools during HIV infection.
An update on premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women.
(2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Cervical cancer screening is the major public health strategy for secondary prevention of cervical cancer especially in the HIV infected women. There a very low utilization of cervical cancer screening services in the developing countries. This is despite the high prevalence of premalignant cervical lesions. New strategies facilitate screening in resource-limited settings. An organized effective prevention and control program requires adequate resources and finances. It needs manpower and infrastructure. It is necessary to have surveillance mechanisms of the targeted women with education and sensitization with monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for effectiveness.
An update on survival of people living with HIV in Nigeria.
(2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Human immunodeficiency virus is a threat to human existence, especially in developing countries, including Nigeria. Although many preventive and interventional measures have been taken to reduce the threat of HIV, HIV remains a major cause of public challenge in this part of the world. This review was conducted to update society on the survival of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. During the course of this review, a number of references were consulted using various search engines including Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Scopus, Sciago, Web of Science, Research gate, Academia Edu, Semantics and LiveDna. Life expectancy for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased significantly since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Declining HIV/AIDS-related deaths and cohorts are increasing the proportion of people with HIV/AIDS who die from non-HIV/AIDS-related illnesses. Poor access to antiretroviral therapy, inadequate laboratory facilities, knowledge and attitudes of some patients, cultural beliefs, anti-gay laws and increasing HIV/TB co-infection continue to affect people living with HIV. It's a problem. HIV/AIDS-related deaths in Nigeria.
An update on utilization of antenatal care among pregnant Women in Nigeria
(International Journal Of Current Research In Chemistry And Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Antenatal care has been defined as the attention, education, supervision and treatment given to the pregnant woman from time conception is confirmed until the beginning of labour in order to ensure safe pregnancy, labour and puerperal. This is essential in order to detect early or any deviation from normal and ensure healthy mother and baby. Antenatal care is an important determinant of high maternal mortality rate and one of the basic components of maternal care on which the lives of mothers and babies depend. Thus, Antenatal care is the care given to a pregnant woman so that she has safe pregnancy and healthy baby this review revealed that attendance and utilization of ANC by pregnant women was considered satisfactory. They should create awareness of health and related matters especially the activities of antenatal services among pregnant women using seminar/ workshop and out with radio, television and newspaper home visit and using women and church leaders..
Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency in Hemophilia: A Review
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Keerthana Gnanavel
000,000. It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in one of the three genes encoding the three polypeptide chains of fibrinogen located on the long arm of chromosome 4. Spontaneous bleeding, bleeding after minor trauma, and excessive bleeding during interventional procedures are the main symptoms. Replacement therapy is the mainstay of management of bleeding episodes in these patients, with plasma-derived fibrinogen concentrate being the drug of choice. Cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma are alternative treatments that should only be used when fibrinogen concentrate is not available. Secondary preventive treatment can be considered after life-threatening bleeding, but primary preventive treatment is currently not recommended. We also discuss alternative treatment options and management of surgery, pregnancy, and thrombosis in these patients. New tests to identify at-risk patients and the development of safer replacement therapies will improve the treatment of afibrinogenemia in the future
Chromium (Cr) Biosorption, from High Energy Battery (Heb) Effluent Using Fungi
(Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2022) Vajiha Banu Habeeb Mohamed; Sumithra Pasumalarasu; Kavitha Parangusadoss; Kannahi Manoharan; Vidya Sankarapandain; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Sunil Kumar; Wilson Mathembele
In the current industrialized world, uses of batteries have gained importance as a result of its high performance and energy storage system. Though, battery was considered safe and produced less carbon foot print, it also has its ill effects such as heavy metal contamination in water and soil, which is also at its threshold to be addressed. Here comes the concern, about the elevated heavy metal concentration especially chromium in the environment and its health hazards exerted over all living organisms. Thus, as an approach towards the bio sorption of chromium from environment, fungal isolates obtained from soil samples of HEB effluent were screened for their resistance and efficiency. Among the 36 fungal isolates attained, Aspergillus was found to be most predominant in both eastern and western area, as well as more resistant to chromium even at 1000 ppm. On further optimization of pH, Temperature, incubation period, carbon source, nitrogen source and phosphorous, it concluded that medium with Glucose, malt extract and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 5 showed significant growth and proficient absorption of chromium under static condition. The 18s rRNA gene sequencing of the effectual organism revealed to be Aspergillus niger (KY354579) with 99 % according to BLAST analysis.
A Systematic Review on Hypertension and its Management
(International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 2022) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Byamungu Pahari Kagenderezo; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu
Hypertension is a public health problem which has cut across all spheres of life and walks of life. From the literature review, the researcher has found that most hypertensive patients are less engaged in healthy behaviours because of knowledge deficit. The literature reviews also indicated that gender, age, level of education, lifestyle, and compliance to treatment regimen had significant association with healthy behaviours in patients with hypertension.
A systematic review on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aurous in patients with surgical wounds
(International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 2022) Chidimma Maureen Chukwueze; Ogochukwu Vivian Okpala; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
MRSA is defined by the presence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec); which is a large mobile genetic element that carries the mecA gene which codes for an alternative form of penicillin binding protein (PBP2a). Staphylococcus aureus developed resistance to this type of β-lactam antibiotics by acquiring the mecA gene which is carried on the SCC mec element described earlier. Strains which carry this mecA gene are known as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), even though they are actually resistant to all β lactam based antibiotics. Historically, Staphylococcus aureus has been known to develop antimicrobial resistance to most antimicrobials rapidly. The bacteria developed resistance to penicillin only a year after the introduction of penicillin into clinical use. It is now estimated that 90%–95% of Staphylococcus aureus strains worldwide are resistant to penicillin. The resistance exhibited by MRSA to most antibiotics imply that treatment for suspected or verified severe Staphylococcus aureus infections, including common skin and wound infections, must rely on second line drugs.
Assessment of Nutritional Status as it relates to maternal health and mortality among women attending antenatal clinic of Murtala Muhammed specialist hospital, Kano State, Nigeria
(Newport International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2023) Mikail Isyaku Umar; Aisha Suleiman Sa'ad; Maryam N. Aliyu; Ibrahim Isyaku; Bello Bashir Aisha; Maryam Isa Shariff; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Nutrition is the fundamental human right and it plays a key role in health. Eradication of hunger ranks high among international goals because good nutrition is essential for the health and capacity needed to achieve so many of the other Millennium Development Goals. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional status as it relates to maternal health and mortality among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of Murtala muhammed specialist hospital Kano. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) pregnant women were selected from antenatal clinic of murtala Muhammad specialist hospital. The age range of the participants was between 18-45 years. Their BMI measurement, mid upper arm circumference and facial anthropometry was taken. Information was obtained about their dietary intake using the Dietary diversity score (DDS). All data are summarized as and expressed as Mean ± standard deviation. Data analyze using IBM and statistical package for social science (SPSS). P value of <0.05. chi square result with p values less than 0.05). A cross-sectional descriptive research was performed to evaluate the anthropometric and bio-chemical measurements of pregnant women who visited prenatal clinics. The result of the study shows that there is a relationship between the dietary diversity score affecting the nutritional status as it relates to maternal health and mortality among pregnant women, it also shows that there is no relationship between Mid upper arm circumference affecting nutritional status as it relates to maternal health and mortality, also shows no relationship between socio demographic factors and economic factors affecting nutritional status as it relates to maternal health and mortality among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of murtala muhammed specialist hospital, Kano state. In conclusion, this study it is determined that the study population's intake of fruits and vegetables is poor. Anthropometry of pregnant women reveals that the majority have a non-healthy dietary state. Anemic ladies made up around one-third of the pregnant women. The analysis revealed that scientific and medical progress played a significant role in the reduction of maternal mortality, beginning with the introduction of antisepsis techniques. The statistical analysis revealed a significant positive association between level of education and nutritional status as it relates to maternal health and mortality among women attending antenatal clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano.

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