Final Project/Dissertation

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Design of automatic load monitoring system
(Kampala International University,School of Engineering and Applied sciences,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2016-11) Isabirye, Sharifu
This project focuses on development of a load monitoring circuit that will use a 555 IC to monitor AC supply to loads and the system will switch on the loads after a delay time. This very system will supply alternative DC power from batteries to a few loads to avoid inconveniences.
Assessing the Effect of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete with Recycled Plastic-Waste Palates
(Kampala International University, School of engineering and applied science, department of civil enginering, 2018-08) Kule, Surgeon
The project was toassessing the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete used in suspended slabs with recycled plastic-waste palates. The properties of concrete studied include both fresh and hardened properties. The independent variable in this project is the partial replacement of course aggregate with plastic palates. The dependent variable in this case are the properties of concrete such as workability, compressive strength and the weight of the cubes at different percentage replacement. Since it was a partial replacement, the replacement of coarse aggregates with plastic palate was from 0% to 75%. The results of the project were as follows. The average weight of concrete cubes at 28days was 7.894Kg for 0% replacement and 5.904Kg for 75% replacement of coarse aggregates with the plastic waste palates. The decrease in the weight of the concrete with the increase in the replacement of the coarse aggregates with plastic waste palates could have been due to the fact that the plastic palates were not as heavy as the natural course aggregate. The workability of the concrete was 50mm at 0%, 53mm at 25%, 56mm at 50% and 60mm at 75% replacement of coarse aggregates with plastic palate.The results showed an increase in slump with the increase the replacement of coarse aggregates with plastic palate which could be due to the fact that plastic waste palates had less or no absorption of water in the concrete mix which increased the water content in the mix that resulted into a high workability. The plot compressive strength against plastic percentage replacement shows steady decrease in compressive strength between 0 and 50% and later drastically decreases with increase in plastic replacement. This could have been due to the fact that in the process of preparing the plastic palate aggregate, the palates were cut with shape and smooth which hindered the adequate bonding with the other concrete constituents hence lowering the compressive strength.The plastic percentage of 50% with compressive strength of 11.2kN/mm2and weight of 6.370Kg is our optimum percentage replacement of course aggregates with plastic waste palates because the weight had reduced but the compressive strength was not so much compromised
Design and implementation of industrial power control by integral cycle switching without generating harmonic.(Case study: Kakira Sugar Works)
(Kampala International University,School of Engineering and applied Sciences Department of Electrical, Telecom and Computer Engineering,, 2018-08) Kimuli, Ismail
The project is aimed at achieving integral cycle switching, a process of removing portions of cycles of an AC signal. The controlling of AC power is very important. Generally phase angle control is used for controlling AC power but due to that a sustainable amount of harmonics are generated in the system. This is found in linear loads for example heaters used in furnaces. This technique introduces lesser amount of harmonics. However the concept of achieving the integral cycle control by use of microcontroller can be very accurate as per the program written in assembly / C language so that the actual average voltage or current obtained at the load is comparatively lower than the whole signal if applied to the load. In place of a linear load to be used in the output, a series motor, fan or lamp can be used to verify the output. The disadvantage of using this scheme is unstable input current or voltage waveform as the cycles are switched on and off. In this technique we are using comparator for zero crossing detection which is fed as an interrupt to Atmega 328p microcontroller. Here the microcontroller delivers the output based on the interrupt given as input as the reference for generating triggering pulses. Using these pulses, we drive the opto-isolators for triggering the TRIAC to achieve integral cycle control as per the input switches interfaced to the microcontroller. A lamp or a fan is provided in this project in place of a motor for demonstration purpose. This project can be improved in feature by using a feedback mechanism so that everything becomes automatic to maintain the required output to the load
Password based Security Gate System Powered by Hybrid Power Supply with Solar Charging System
(Kampala International University, school of engineering, department of civil engineering, 2018-09) Iya, Ahmad Sadiq
Automatic gate is one of most usefully thing to use in companies, colonies, collages, homes, and schools. There is some type to operate a gate such as a sliding on screw or on rack and pinion, piston operated, rotary. Design is available for some type of operation and it is most costly also When installation and maintenance cost is not yet been considered. The main objective of this Project is to study, analyze, and provide an enhanced design and performance of power supply, and also use it to power the automatic gate system. There are different types of mechanism used to operate gate. Those methods are finite element modeling and mechanical design concept and theories. In this system, the micro-controller is programmed with a default password. Whenever the right password is entered using 4x4 keypad. The micro controller will give command to motor driver, and DC motor will open and close after some seconds. At the same time, LCD display the Situation, red LED shows the gate is closed, green LED shows the password is correct. In addition to this, a push button is added so that you can press it when you are coming out, you don’t need to password again. The power supply is of two types, hybrid. There is AC main power stepped down from 220V to 12V. The DC power is from rechargeable battery, recharged by a 10W solar panel. The work was successful. It is evidence that the use MCU with the right circuitry can be used to operate a security system, and the project was effective to give maximum security. So the implementation rate is inexpensive and it is reasonable by a common person. Hence it can be afforded to purchase such security gate system to keep your property safe without any worries. I also recommend to improve on this project by adding other features like, using Bluetooth signal or remote signal. It can also be a finger print module. Lastly, I give my further research about the 12V rechargeable battery, the circuit needs 9V battery to be connected together with the AC supply. So my recommendation of further research is to improve on this circuit so that you can be able to step the 12V battery to 9V
Design and construction of a dynamic and sonic scarecrow using Atmega 328p microcontroller a case study: Tilda ltd in Bugiri district
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018-09) Yassin, Majid; Juleet, Ngabijai
Dynamic and sonic scarecrow technology is an easy and reliable way to control major avian crop pests like birds and or animals. This Scarecrow decreases crop damage by dispersing birds in a safe and human way. The main aim of the project was to design and construct a bird repellent prototype that is dynamic and play sounds of distress to disperse off the birds. Two wireless communicating devices being controlled by an Amega328P microcontroller were developed with the help of RF modules consisting of sound producing system, rotating system and a motion sensor which were used as inputs to the microcontrollers when motion is detected, and the servo motors and the buzzer are activated. When the system design was powered the servo motors rotated, and a sound of distress was produced after motion detection. In conclusion, the technology of this modem scarecrow has many applications which include reducing financial loss due to crop damage caused by birds, reliable, human and safe agricultural bird dispersal, and the chosen bird control system for farming industry.
Design and implementation of an electronic ordering and library management system case study: Kampala International university library
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018-09) Wanyirae, Odongo Haruna; Aziz, Abdul Idd
The main objective of this project is to design and Implement an affordable and reliable Electronic Ordering and library management system, taking Kampala International University library as a case study. Specific objects include to design MySQL database that will be used as library management system, install the designed database on a laptop where students can easily view the catalog and identify books and their book short forms or book codes, to provide a keypad where students will type the preferred book short forms or book codes to place an order and To construct the transmitting section using RE transmitter, LCD (16 by 2), Arduino Uno Board, and +5V power supply. (Transmitting section is where the order is placed from. To construct the receiver section using RE receiver, LCD (16 by 2), Arduino Uno Board, buzzer, switch and +5V power supply. The need to provide an easy way to view the available books in the library by the students and also to enable librarians to access the easiest means to keep track of the library records through designing an easy “to use and understand” database, makes the electronic ordering and library management system crucial in the modern world. To eliminate time wasted on making queues, writing chits about the books students want and using a lot of words to make a librarian understand, calls for the establishment of this system. The most crucial fact about the system is that it is cheap, reliable, easy to maintain and very effective in operation and hence can be afforded by the University. This report consists of five chapters; Chapter One-Introduction: It gives a brief introduction and background for this project. Chapter two-Literature review: It gives an overview of the literature of all components used to build up the project. Chapter three-Methodology: It explains the system design, i.e., architecture and interfacing of the devices used. Chapter four-Results and discussion: Describes the results and output of the system. Chapter five-Conclusions and Future Scope: It gives the conclusions drawn from this project and brief ideas about future development works that can be undertaken
Design and implementation of an intelligent voice controlled wheel chair:
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018-09) Mugeni, Alfred.; Niwamanya, Peter
This project report describes the Design and implementation of an Intelligent Voice Controlled Wheel Chair for disabled people. The model utilizes an Arduino Voice Recognition Module interfaced with a high level 8-Mt AVR Microcontroller to control motorized movements using voice commands. The model provides both a convenient and non-technical solution to navigate in a disabled home for even the critically crippled who can talk. To avoid uncontrolled collisions, the wheel chair includes collision avoidance capabilities based on HC-SRO4 Ultrasound Modules. • Chapter one-IntroductIon: ft gives a briefintroduction and background ofthis project. • Chapter two-LIterature revIew: ft gives an overview oftechniques involving wheel chairs, existing wheel chair technologies and overview ofdevices used. Chapter three-Methodology: ft explains about the system design i.e. architecture and interfacing ofthe devices used. Chapter four-Results and discussion: Describes the results and output ofthe system. Chapter fIve-RecommendatIon and conclusion: ft gives the recommendation and conclusion drawn from this project.
Password based security gate system powered by hybrid power supply with solar charging system
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018-09) Sadiq, Iya Ahmad
Automatic gate is one of most usefully thing to use in companies, colonies, collages, homes, and schools. There is some type to operate a gate such as a sliding on screw or on rack and pinion, piston operated, rotary. Design is available for some type of operation and it is most costly also When installation and maintenance cost is not yet been considered. The main objective of this Project is to study, analyze, and provide an enhanced design and performance of power supply, and also use it to power the automatic gate system. There are different types of mechanism used to operate gate. Those methods are finite element modeling and mechanical design concept and theories. In this system, the microcontroller is programmed with a default password. Whenever the right password is entered using 4x4 keypad. The microcontroller will give command to motor driver, and DC motor will open and close after some seconds. At the same time, LCD display the Situation, red LED shows the gate is closed, green LED shows the password is correct. In addition to this, a push button is added so that you can press it when you are coming out, you don’t need to password again. The power supply is of two types, hybrid. There is AC main power stepped down from 220V to l2V. The DC power is from rechargeable battery, recharged by a lOW solar panel. The work was successful. It is evidence that the use MCU with the right circuitry can be used to operate a security system, and the project was effective to give maximum security. So, the implementation rate is inexpensive and it is reasonable by a common person. Hence it can be afforded to purchase such security gate system to keep your property safe without any worries. I also recommend to improve on this project by adding other features like, using Bluetooth signal or remote signal. It can also be a finger print module. Lastly, I give my further research about the 1 2V rechargeable battery, the circuit needs 9V battery to be connected together with the AC supply. So, my recommendation of further research is to improve on this circuit so that you can be able to step the 1 2V battery to 9V
Design and Implementation of a four-dimensional automatic accident avoidance system
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018-09) Isaac, Mure; Daniel, Rwotolara
This report contains five chapters, in chapter one, as an introductory part of this project report, contained in chapter, we first define what accident is, the background of the study, that is to say, how the problem started or what prompted us to carry out the project. the problem statement, this is about the challenges we are solving, the main objective, specific objectives, significance of the study, and scope of the study. in chapter two, this chapter covers the literature review; here we look at the existing technology. this chapter also contains the history of the project, and the components used. in chapter three, it entirely covers the methodology, circuit diagram, block diagram, flow chart. chapter four. this chapter entails the system analysis and the design of the project prototype. it also includes the results from the system design process. in chapter five, it is majorly the conclusion and recommendation. also, in this chapter we look at the further research on this project, and finally the references we used and the appendix.
Flood plain mapping of Bunga-Soya
(School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department of Civil Engineering, 2018-09) Mugela, Charles; Jafari, Hamisi
This report comprises of 5 chapters, reflecting the activities that are to be carried out. Chapter 1. Presents a detailed introduction of the project. Chapter 2. Is the Literature Review presenting information concerning flood analysis related topics. Chapter 3. Methodology. This shows the different methods and approaches which were used to execute the project. Chapter 4. Results and findings. This chapter shows the results obtained using the methods detailed in the methodology. Chapter 5. Conclusions, discussions and recommendation. This chapter summarizes all the various information encountered during the course of the project.
Assessment of sedimentation level using remote sensing and Gis in Kiira Dam, Jinja District
(Department Of Civil Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018-09) Ikwap, Francis; Babirye, Shamim
The Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) method for assessment of reservoir sedimentation uses the fact that the water spread area of reservoir at reservoir boundaries keeps on increasing due to sedimentation. Remote Sensing technique gives directly the water spread area of the reservoir at a particular elevation on the date of pass of the satellite. This helps to estimate sedimentation over a period of time. This research project describes assessment of sedimentation carried out for the Kiira Reservoir using Remote Sensing satellite imageries. The area capacity curve of year the 2001, is used as a base for sedimentation assessment for the year 2010. The results of Remote Sensing survey for the period 2001 to 2010 are compared with the deposition pattern of Kiira Reservoir with the standard types of deposition pattern as per Area Reduction Method suggested by Borland and Miller. As per recent Remote Sensing survey of 2006 and 2010, it was observed that the original water spread area had increased to 4.82km2and 4.96km2respectively i.e. by approximately 3.549% in 9 years. Thus, there is a gradual reduction in the capacity of Kiira reservoir. The validation process which involved collecting field data and incorporated with the remote sensing data gave an evidence of sedimentation in Kiira dam at the sample point locations as indicated the preceding chapters.
Assessment of sustainable eco-friendly green building structures and its promotion in Kampala
(Department of Civil Engineering, 2018-09) Luwabo, Keneth; Kisajjaki, Abeli
The construction industry consumes about forty percent of the world’s energy. The high increasing rate of construction activities has led to exploitation of most of the natural resources. These activities have led to massive deforestation and clearing of green cover for settlement and infrastructure development in Kampala. The repercussions of these activities are catastrophic such as poor air quality, urban heat island effect, toxic gas emission, increased cooling costs, which later affect people’s health. The study mainly aims at introducing and making aware to the public a technology that can be used to eliminate most if not all the environmental problems listed above. The green roof technology has been in use since the ancient days such as the Babylonian gardens. The green roof technology is currently being used and promoted in most developed countries such as; Germany, USA, Switzerland and Australia as a key component to sustainable development. The main objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of adopting the green roof technology our building in Kampala capital city. Specifically carrying out literature review on major benefits of a green roof, to assess its cost analysis and carrying out a market research for green roof materials. The results of the study were; the green roof has quite a number of benefits such as storm water management, habitat for wild life, noise attenuation, improved air quality, reduction in greenhouse gases. The initial cost of installing a green roof was found to be more expensive than the conventional roof. However, the benefits of the green roof were found to outweigh the initial costs of installation in the long run.
Password based security gate System powered by Hybrid power supply with Solar Charging System
(Kampala International University, school of engineering, department of civil engineering, 2018-09) Iya, Ahmad Sadiq
Automatic gate is one of most usefully thing to use in companies, colonies, collages, homes, and schools. There is some type to operate a gate such as a sliding on screw or on rack and pinion, piston operated, rotary. Design is available for some type of operation and it is most costly also When installation and maintenance cost is not yet been considered. The main objective of this Project is to study, analyze, and provide an enhanced design and performance of power supply, and also use it to power the automatic gate system. There are different types of mechanism used to operate gate. Those methods are finite element modeling and mechanical design concept and theories. In this system, the micro controller is programmed with a default password. Whenever the right password is entered using 4x4 keypad. The micro controller will give command to motor driver, and DC motor will open and close after some seconds. At the same time, LCD display the Situation, red LED shows the gate is closed, green LED shows the password is correct. In addition to this, a push button is added so that you can press it when you are coming out, you don’t need to password again. The power supply is of two types, hybrid. There is AC main power stepped down from 220V to 12V. The DC power is from rechargeable battery, recharged by a 10W solar panel. The work was successful. It is evidence that the use MCU with the right circuitry can be used to operate a security system, and the project was effective to give maximum security. So the implementation rate is inexpensive and it is reasonable by a common person. Hence it can be afforded to purchase such security gate system to keep your property safe without any worries. I also recommend to improve on this project by adding other features like, using Bluetooth signal or remote signal. It can also be a finger print module. Lastly, I give my further research about the 12V rechargeable battery, the circuit needs 9V battery to be connected together with the AC supply. So my recommendation of further research is to improve on this circuit so that you can be able to step the 12V battery to 9V
Assessment of occupational health and safety in construction companies in selected construction companies in Uganda
(Department of Civil Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018-10) Gumisiriza, Elijah
Construction is widely regarded as an accident prone industry. The reasons why construction is risky and prone to health and safety risks are because of the physical environment of the work, nature of the construction work operations, construction methods, construction materials, heavy equipment used, and physical properties of the construction project itself. The human, social and economic costs of occupational accidents, injuries, diseases and major industrial disasters have long been cause for concern at all levels from the individual workplace to the national and international levels. The main objective is to assess occupational health and safety of workers at Yosan Construction Company ltd and Uganda police construction unit. The findings are in line with the principles of OHS that state that Occupational health and safety programs and policies must aim at both prevention and protection. Efforts must be focused above all on primary prevention at the workplace level. Workplaces and working environments should be planned and designed to be safe and healthy. Basing on the findings, it was concluded that the company provides safety communication training to all employees every day before work starts. Safety of employees is a very big issue of concern to the company. The Workers should be provided with equipment’s and proper use should be enforced. According to them, company issues protective gears to employees before starting work. It is recommended that Safety Officers from Uganda Labor office should liaise with the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing and in conjunction with the Association of Civil Engineering and Building Contractors, to conduct regular site visits in order to ensure the enforcement of laws governing the provision of welfare facilities and safety materials, employment, and rights of workers.
Design & implementation of double sensor automatic door lock security system using raspberry pi
(Kampala International University. School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2019-04) Taremwa, Miriam
In this current situation, the degree of security is feeble. So there is a lot of robbery, theft going on in and around the world. So, people fear to keep any of their valuables in their homes. Henceforth, many people prefer to keep it in banks. However, in this insecure world even banks are not too safe enough to satisfy people needs. A common man/woman feels his/her valuables are secured if there is efficiency in security. Hence this project can give effective security in minimal cost. Index-Terms: Raspberry pi, Servo motor, LCD 16x2, Proximity sensor, RFID.
Assessing solid waste management in Bwaise to design an appropriate handling system
(School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) , Department Of Civil Engineering, 2019-05) Khabuya, Asha
This report is from a study that looks at the nature, practices, challenges, and possible solutions for solid waste management systems in Bwaise, Kampala. The study used mainly questionnaires, interviews and observation. The findings suggest that in Bwaise, poor communities could generate income from waste disposal activities, if certain measures are put in place. Furthermore, in this area, 60% of the garbage is biodegrable, composed mainly of food related waste. Non-biodegradable wastes constitute of the 40%, of which the main component is polythene bags. It was also established that a good part of the communities currently use illegal methods of disposal which include burning and open space dumping. Among the challenges facing solid waste management are the inactivity of institutional framework to support and mobilize for effective waste disposal. As a result there is little community effort to reduce on the problem. So sensitization of community should be given more attention. The communities suggested the following solutions: sensitization and community work. The study recommended the following: composting, sensitization, and building strong institutions at grassroots levels and participation of the community from the initial stage of designing the project. After analyzing the background, the waste flows the appropriate method that will be used will be composting using a composting tumbler made in order to convert organic waste into compost. If maintained, the compost will benefit the division in the ecological and the financial level. Money can be saved by using this organic fertilizer with a minimum cost. This report contains chapters whose contents are as below; Chapter one: Introduction which gives the general background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the project, project objectives and scope of the project. Chapter two: Literature review which reviews documents related to the study topic. Chapter three: Methodology which contains the tools and softwares used in the research to obtain the specific objectives. Chapter four: Results obtained, their analysis and discussions. Chapter five: Conclusions and recommendations.
Design and implementation of free wireless intercom system (Case study: Kampala International University)
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department Of Electrical, Telecom and Computer Engineering, 2019-06) Enerst , Edozie
In modern technology, wireless communication is widespread and it started to be used in everyday life, for example, Wireless phone charger, home automation systems, etc. widely use wireless communication. People want smart systems to make their life easy, and I want to discard the cables that limit our mobility. The purpose of this project is to design and implement a free intercom system that uses WIFI in p2p (Peer-to- Peer) or WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) as a means of communication between mobile phones, computers (soft phones), and IP phones at no cost. The system will allow users to make voice, Video, and text message conversation. As this system uses internet protocol, the voice data can be send easily on the network between sources to destination. The switching method used is packet switching. In this paper it shown how the voice packet data will be send from source to destination using Asterisk based server and WIFI based clients. As the communication is real-time the session initiation protocol (SIP) is used and some parameters such as packet sending and receiving, jitter and bandwidth utilization will be monitored in the server. The design provides a solution that eliminates the use of expensive hard-wired intercoms and Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX) by making use of Asterisk and WIFI. Keywords: GSM (phone), IP, WIFI, p2p, WLAN, Asterisk.
IGN & implementation of smart tap system using Raspberry PI (Case study: Primary schools)
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) Department of electrical, Telecom and Computer Engineering, 2019-07) Aluma, Innocent
This project is to build and to test a smart tap system. The Smart tap system is more advanced than the conventional hand wash and it is designed to improve life by having a more convenient hand wash system. For instance, the water, soap and dryer are integrated all into the system. The machine controls the water tap automatically in sequence using the raspberry pi 3 microcontroller. The project is using the ultrasonic sensors to detect the object placed before it. The project was created and implemented as a prototype of automatic water dispenser based on a raspberry titled smart tap system. The system uses ultrasonic sensors, raspberry pi 3 as a controller or data processor, electrically gallon pump functioned as valves open / close is driven by a DC motor with a DC current, Relay which serves to move the current / voltage using large current / voltage is small. The smart tap system is used to turn over water from source point to usage point in an efficient way and avoids human error. Automated water supply can be done through embedded system in cost effective way. The smart tap system is actually a smart system as the people who wish to wash his/her hand or drink water don't need to tum on the water tap. Keyword: Raspberry pi 3 B+, Water Pump, and Ultrasonic sensor.
Design and implementation of GSM based industrial process monitoring and control system
(Kampala International University ,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Department of Electrical, Telecommunication & Computer Engineering, 2019-08) Isabirye James, James
GSM Based Industrial Process Monitoring and Control System is a microcontroller embedded system that is fully controlled by the 8-bit AVR Atmega32 microcontroller which has 32KB of flash memory for the program data storage. LM35 IC, GSM Modem, LCD screen, Relays (Process control devices), Matrix keypad are interfaced with the microcontroller unit. The embedded system is designed with on board power supply. LM35 senses the temperature of the industrial processes and the readings are continuously displayed on LCD and also sent wirelessly to the industrial operator’s mobile set. The operator is able to control the status of the industrial process control devices by sending pass worded SMS commands which are different for each process device. The system sends feedback SMS notification about the status of the process control devices. The overview of this report is as follows: Chapter one-Introduction: It gives a brief introduction and background of this project. Chapter two-Literature review: It gives an overview of the existing technologies and devices used. Chapter three-Methodology: It explains the system design i.e. architecture and interfacing of the devices used. Chapter four-Results and discussion: Describes the results and output of the system. Chapter five-Conclusions and Future Scope: It gives the conclusions drawn from this project and brief ideas about future development works that can be undertaken.
Numerical investigation on the effects of embedding PVC pipes in reinforced concrete beams
(School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department of Civil Engineering, 2019-08) Aheebwa, Hussein
Performance of beams with pvc pipes embedded at the center or with an eccentric pipes needs design consideration of influencing variables such as the pipe size and the location of the pipe being embedded. This was performed analytically where six RC beams of dimension (300x450 and span of 3500) were modeled in Abaqus 6.10-3 of which one was a solid beam and the 5 had varying pipe sizes and location of the pipe as designated (B-25.4, B-50.8mm,B-76.2mm,B-101.2mmE50 and 127mmE 100mm).The models were assigned correctly with their material properties both elastically and plastically of which CDP(concrete damaged plasticity) and other damage parameters from Abaqus manual were incorporated which helped in defining the failure mechanisms in concrete. The beam models were treated as simply supported beam and loaded with a concentrated load(500KN) in addition meshing was done and the concrete elements were assigned with an element type C3D8R hexagonal elements and meshed with 50x50mm mesh size and for reinforcements were meshed with global size of 100mm. The analysis was submitted and results (stresses, strain, load-deflection ductility index and crack patterns) of beams were compared to solid beam. The results indicated an increase in stresses in concrete and bottom reinforcement as the pipe size increases and reduction in loading capacity and ductility index as the pipe size and location varied. Therefore, the size and location of the pipes in beams affects the strength, stiffness and ductility of the RC beams.