Bachelor of Science in Environmental Management

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Impacts of beach seines and castnets on the environment at Kigungu Fishing Ground on Lake Victoria in Wakiso Distrct, Uganda
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2005-04) Nabbongo, Henry
A study to investigate the impacts of Beach Seine and Cast net gears was carried out at Kigungu Fish Landing Site on Lake Victoria in Wakiso District Uganda. The major valuables considered included the design, construction, operation, catchability, efficiency and impacts of Beach Seines and Cast Nets. In order to investigate the above, a research was designed and it was used. Method for data collection includes; Visits to programmed places (Libraries, Research and Training institutions, Government offices, Kigungu Fish Landing Site), Questionnaires, Physical Observations and Experimental Fishing. Results indicate that Beach Seines and Cast Nets are Active Fishing gears and these can either be single or multipannel by design. Results also indicate that these gears (Beach Seines and Cast Nets) have a high Catchability rate. It was also revealed that these gears are highly efficient in this Fishery. It was also discovered that these gears have some advance impacts on the fish stocks exploited. In view of the above, it was concluded that beach seines and cast nets have a negative impact on Lake Victoria Fisheries, (Kigungu Fishing ground). It is therefore recommended that the following be done: A temporary ban on the use of these gears should be imposed, alternative fishing gears that promote conservation and sustainability of the fishery resources should be used, elaborate research based on this topic should be under taken in all fishery waters for Uganda and the region and also environmental studies of this nature should be initiated and promoted in various institutions of learning for thorough assessment of the changes in the Aquatic eco system and effective control and management of the aquatic resources by respective governments or states
The implication of wetland degradation on the environment in Rukungiri District:
(Kampala International University, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2005-09) Birungi, Ziporah
The purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon of wetland degradation on the environment in Rukungiri District Nyaruzinga Parish with some references made to neighbouring parishes. The study was guided by four objectives that is; to find out the causes of wetland degradation, identify the consequences of wetland degradation on the environment, to find out what has been done to minimize the consequences and to recommend and suggest possible solutions on how to control wetland degradation in Nyaruzinga Parish in Rukungiri District. The methods used to collect data were recording, questionnaires, photographs, observation guides and this helped the researcher to get the data from the population and analyzed it. The results revealed by people, the researcher found out that human activities such as agriculture, brick making, settlement or construction, poverty, population increase, sand mining and firewood collection are the main causes of wetland degradation in Nyaruzinga parish- Rukungiri District. The following conclusion were made from the study; wetlands have been reclaimed at a high rate so as to meet the needs and aspirations of people. But this has led to loss and destruction of the biodiversity (plant and animal species), reduction in water table and loss of soil nutrients. It is apparent that wetland degradation in Nyaruzinga parish will continue to grow unless approaches are developed to assure that wetlands are protected, preserved, conserved and sustained for the future generations to enjoy the available natural resources. The research therefore recommends the following as solutions to the problem; Afforestation, Avoiding constructing in swampy areas, sensitization about the dangers of wetland degradation, stopping people from carrying agriculture in wetlands and this should not be only the work of government but to any person and other organizations, focused study, comparative study and research.
The causes and impacts of soil erosion on the upper slopes of mount Kilimanjaro:a case study of tema village, mbokomu ward, Moshi rural district
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2005-09) Bernard, Baraka N
In this 21st century the problem facing rural areas in developing countries like Tanzania are numerous. formidable social and economic services are deteriorating and proving to be unsustainable; school enrollment rates are declining, food situation is precarious, infant and maternal mortality rates continues to be high, unemployment is on the rise, land shortage, triggering off high population which led to the land degradation. this study investigated the causes and impact of soil erosion on the upper slopes of kilimanjaro mountain which carried out in tema village, mbokomu ward, moshi rural district. in this study the main variables were the forms of soil erosion, causes, impact, conservation measures in tema village and recommendation to control soil erosion in tema village. various methods for data collection were used including interviews, questionnaires, observation and photographs. the findings show that soil erosion is caused by rainfall, topography, vegetation destruction, drainage, ignorance, inadequate extension services and disruption of transport among others. findings also revealed that population pressure has enhanced soil erosion through deforestation, land fragmentation, over cultivation, burning and socio-economic development in terms of infrastructure like roads which have placed much burden to the soils of tema village hence leading to erosion, agriculture malpractices like digging up and down the slope without strips, bands and terraces have accelerated soil erosion.
The Implications of fishing activities on Fish Productivity on Lake Victoria (case study of Buguto fishing village) in Mayuge District
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2005-09) Nuubu, Takuwa
Lake Victoria is the second largest lake in the world measuring about 6880km2. The lake has a shoreline of 3450 km and a catchment area of 258,700km2. The lake is regarded a shallow lake with an average depth of 40m and madmum depth of 84m. The reports on the fisheries resources of the lake estimate the annual landings of the lake fisheries to be between 400,000 and 500,000 million tons yielding between US $ 300 and 400 million. These fish landings are harvested by about 100,000 fishermen who depend directly on the fish (Ndawula, 2000) Apart from the lake providing fish for food, ft also acts as a medium of water transport to the three ilparian countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania), ft also provides employment to the people, domestic and industrial use as well as hydro-electdcfty~ The objectives of the research indude; to identify the impacts of the preservation and fishing methods used on fish!aquatic life in the lake, to determine the causes of the reduction of fish catches on Lake Victoria, and to find out solutions ofover coming overfishing on LakeVictoria. The methods that were used to collect data Include, secondary data, focus group discussions, and questionnaires. The research revealed that, of all the great lakes, lake Victoria has the highest population concentration on ft’s fringes, this has resulted into serious human impacts on the eco-system through Intense agricultural activities (cuftivatlon, like stock and fishing), sporadic settlements, and urbanization, the consequences have been loss of animal and plant life (aquatic life). Aquatic life has become endangered due the bad fishing methods used and hence less guarantee to continued fish production. The researcher recommended that emphasis to promote community awareness, extension services, security on the lake should be provided by both government and Non Government Organizations to mitigate the deteriorating environmental conditions, generally the situation calls for reversal to the Increasing stress on the eco system.
Implications of water scarcity on the environment: a case study of Kisarawe Village, Kisarawe District
(Kampala International University, School of engineering and applied science, 2005-09) Tumaini, Gordon Sylvia
Water is a basic natural resource that sustains life and economic development. It is the next resource to air. Water can exist in various forms that is gaseous, solid and liquid. A study on the implication of water scarcity on the environment was conducted in Kisarawe village, Kisarawe District. In order to investigate the above, the following variables were measured; water sources, distribution systems, associated problems and measures being used to minimize the problem. A general survey research design was followed, and the methods of data collection used include; interview~ observation, documentation, questionnaires, and photography. Results indicate that various water sources in Kisarawe village include, dams, wells, boreholes, rivers, rainwater and channels. Results further indicate that decreased standard of education, soil erosion, child Labour, conflicts and inability of soil to support plants have been major problems associated with water scarcity. It was also found that, rainwater harvesting, hand dug wells, rehabilitation of some water sources and rational distribution systems were measures used to minimize water problem. Recommendations include public participation in decision making, increasing water points, education and training of local people, replacing and maintenance of old pipes and tanks, determining water quality for human consumption, banning of activities that pollute water sources, aforestation and re-aforestation, gender equality and population projection on water demand.
Environmental consequences of sand mining on the shores of Lake Victoria: a case of study of Kiyirira village Katabi sub County, Wakiso District
(Kampala International University, School of engineering and applied science, 2005-09) Luutu, Ivan
Sand mining is one of the major economic activities in and around wetlands of Wakiso District and is an important Source of income among smallholder communities in many parts of the country. The gray white sand type ( Plasita ) and yellow brown sand type (Nyanjja ) are commonly harvested. However, the gray white sand dominates the harvest and Wakiso’s gray white sand is demanded by the construction industry because it has a fine particle component other types don’t have. However, due to over harvesting of sand in this area, significant environmental consequences have been noticeably observed, especially in the last two years i.e. deforestation, erosion, increasing diseases, poor communication system, reluctance of the law and policy formulation bodies, among others. This led to this study on possible environmental consequences of sand mining. This study will enhance environmental and community sensitization on the dangers of sand mining. Finally, it is suggested that because sand is an important aspect of economic activity of Katabi sub-county, Wakiso has a high stake and important role to play in monitoring and evaluating sand mining activities in this particular region.
Evolution of urban drainage systems and its consequences: a case study of police training school, Kibuli, Kampala District
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2005-10) Opira 0., Zakeo
Police Training School, Kibuli, is in Makindye Division located in a triangle formed by Mukwano Industry to the north, Prince Badru Kakungulu Road to the south and Kibuli Road to the east and the stream joining Nakivubo channel dissecting in the middle plain. Rain induced flooding and water logging has become a natural part of life in this lower plain of the school and the frequency of this problem is increasing. Police Training School Kibuli has been experiencing water logging for the last twenty years where even little rain causes a serious problem. This research was intended to examine the extent of evolution of urban drainage at Police Training School, Kibuli, with regard to finding a solution to the flooding and ever-increasing water logging that have change the environment of the lower school to become a wetland. This area is undergoing evolution of drainage believed to have been caused by the building of Mukwano industry and Mukwano road that did not provide sufficient drainage, resulting into water logging and flooding of the lower part of the school whenever it rains. This human interference of the natural flow of water has caused the school ground to act as a basin, as water is held back and eventually resulting into a wetland induced environment. Despite some reclamation by raising some part by addition of soil to reduce water logging, some parts especially the drill shade now appears submerged.
The implication of wetland degradation on the environment a case study of Nyarweshama Parish-Bushenyi District
(Kampala International University, School of engineering and applied science, 2005-10) Kyobutungi, Rubaraza Winie
This research is therefore intended to assess causes of wetland degradation other than agriculture, investigate the general effects of wetland degradation on the environment and explain how wetlands can be used sustainably for human activities, to minimize the dangers of wetland degradation through both legal and scientific approaches and to promote the “wise use” slogan to prevent major effects. This is because if current negative impacts on wetlands system caused by wise wetland conversion and poor cultivation practices are allowed to continue we shall experience further environmental degradation and reduced productivity in the whole system. It is therefore important that causes be identified, effects understood and guidelines be recommended to guide and educate current and future wetland users ensure that wetlands are used in a sustainable manner and negative effects mitigated through application of guidelines.
Pollution effects on human health in Mweiga municipality, Nyeri District, Kenya
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2006) Murethi, Joyce Nyambura
Effects of land use changes on soil fertility in kapuonja village, Kisumu district, Kenya.
(Kampala International University.School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2006-06) Omollo, Tamisha Amondi
The impact of internally displaced persons on the environment of Pabbo Camp Gulu District
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2006-07) Madul Samuel
An investigation of the impact of IDPs on the environment was conducted in Pabbo IDPs camp Kilak sub county Gulu district. The variables considered include; forms of environmental degradation. its effects on the environment and solutions being put in place. In order to investigate the above variables, a general survey research design was used. Methods used in data collection include: study group discussions, oral interviews. Questionnaire, observation and taking of photographs of the existing situation. The study revealed that the major forms of environmental degradation in Pabbo IDPs camp were: fires 28.57%, poor sanitation 20%. Poor solid wastes management 22.86% deforestation 15.71 % and pollution 12.86%. However, the dominant one being fire outbreak accounting for 21.4% of the various forms of environmental degradation in the camp. The study further revealed that environmental degradation affects the health levels of people. Agriculture, and education among the children, water quality and fuel wood scarcity. The researcher established what has been done to protect the environment. They include: food provision, construction of damage systems. Installation of portable latrines. installation of motorized water system and roofing with plastic sheets/carpets. The study came up with recommendations to the impacts of IDPs on the environment the major ones include: environmental education, profession of water sources, solid wastes management/ disposal, public awareness, change in land ownership and decongestion of the camps.
Human encroachment effects on forests; a case study of mount Meru Arumeru district Arusha
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2006-07) E. Anatoly, Paul
It is common knowledge that ordinary Tanzanians are struggling for basic survival. These Tanzanians are poverty stricken in all aspects of their existence. For his food man needs to cultivate land, to keep livestock’s for his meat and other source of protein, also man needs shelter as a life necessity. In doing so man destruct environment and encroach forests and fragile ecosystem either knowingly or unknowingly. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the human activities which contributed to the encroachment of forests and then find out some solutions to overcome this kind of problem. Poor managed areas by human can for example significantly degrade environmental resources by contaminating soil, water and air. Health and safety risk escalate in areas where housing or other land uses are allowed to the located in forest areas. Thus despite the fact that various campaigns have been made for encroachment of forests, this study seeks to show the impact or human activities to the environment and at the same time it is aimed at finding the solutions over this problem. Therefore the study will benefit the environmental planners and forest rangers in a number of ways and consequently will benefit the whole society at large. The study also will be able to establish criticisms and recommendations wherever required on various aspects of the methods to be used by the environmentalists on provision of education to the people. This will help planners and environmentalists to reach necessary amendments on required issues on such methods. However it must be noted that majority or Tanzanians who are living below the poverty line must be assisted to lift themselves up from this dividing line if the call for environmental protection has to make sense and fulfill the national expectation to protect the national environment. Thus Poverty plus Environment equals to Environmental degradation while Prosperity plus Environment equals to environmental protection
Impacts of slum development on the environment. a case study of Kianda Village in Kibera Slum-Nairobi District
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2006-07) Mailu Judith, Mutindi
at large. According to UN-Habitat publication sub Saharan Africa hosts the largest proportion (71.9%) of urban population reside in slums. this study was carried out in Kibera Nairobi district. The objective of the study included identifying the causes of slum development, the implication of these slum on the environment and what measures are have been put in place to protect the environment. The research design was descriptive and used quantitative research methods of data collection observation interviews and questionnaires were administered to the total number of 50 respondents. The research finding showed that the cause of slum development was poverty, rural urban migration poor physical planning and population growth also the investigation showed the implication of slum development was poor sanitation, chocking of river, waste disposal and over utilization of water. the measures being put in place were community cleaning, improved drainages, provision of water and toilets. In conclusion the respondents indicated that, poverty was the prime problem and cause of slum development while the respondents also indicated the implication of slum to be poor sanitation. Some of the measures being put in place include community cleaning and provision of toilets. From the findings I recommended that environmental laws should be put in place and be followed, upgrading of slums and poverty alleviation programs such as giving small loans with low interest rate to start business should be implemented so that slum become safe heaven for us and for the future generation
Impact of urbanization on wetland degradation a case study of Nakivubo -luzira urban wetland, Nakawa division, Kampala city, Uganda
(Kampala International University,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2006-07) Kwesiga, Maximus
An investigation on wetland degradation was conducted at Nakivubo, Luzira urban wetland in Nakawa division, Kampala district, Objectives of the study were to find out the values of wetlands, activities leading to wetland degradation. Consequences of degradation of wetlands and strategies to restore the degraded wetlands. A general survey research design was used, group discussions, oral interviews, self administered questionnaires, observation and taking photos were the methods used to generate data. The study revealed that the major values of wetlands include their use as a source of water and fish among other benefits. The study also found out that wetland degradation in this area is brought about by crop cultivation, papyrus harvesting, sand mining and brick making which is done in unsustainable way. It further revealed that wetland degradation affects water quality and availability, soil, biodiversity, landscape, wetland products and general habitats. It was recommended that to minimize wetland degradation, there’s need to create awareness on the consequences of degradation of these resources.
Impacts of slum development on the environment
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2006-07) Mailu, Judith Mutindi
Slum development has been a major problem in the world especially in developing countries and Africa at large. According to UN-Habitat publication sub Saharan Africa hosts the largest proportion (7 1.9%) of urban population reside in slums. this study was carried out in kibera Nairobi district. The objective of the study included identifying the causes of slum development, the implication of these slum on the environment and what measures are have been put in place to protect the environment. The research design was descriptive and used quantitative research methods of data collection observation interviews and questionnaires were administered to the total number of 50 respondents. The research finding showed that the cause of slum development were poverty, rural urban migration poor physical planning and population growth also the investigation showed the implication of slum development was poor sanitation, chocking of river, waste disposal and over utilization of water. the measures being put in place were community cleaning, improved drainages, provision of water and toilets. In conclusion the respondents indicated that, poverty was the prime problem and cause of slum development while the respondents also indicated the implication of slum to be poor sanitation. Some of the measures being put in place include community cleaning and provision of toilets. From the findings I recommended that environmental laws should be put in place and be followed, upgrading of slums and poverty alleviation programs such as giving small loans with low interest rate to start business should be implemented so that slum become safe heaven for us and for the future generation.
The effect of pastoralism on the natural resource” case study of Kolloa Division of East Pokot District in Kenya
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2006-08) Kaptuya, .L. Nelson
The part played by nomadic and pastoral communities that affect the pastoral resources in the ASAL area of Kolloa division, East Pokot district in the formally Baringo district in rift valley province in Kenya. The factors in question are like pastoral areas, some of the mitigation measures used before in the study area, and the possible recommendation to reduce the depletion of these pastoral resources in the ASAL areas. Methods used in collection of data are generally survey research design that includes questionnaires interview and photographs and direct observation and literature review. The findings came up clearly and strongly that some pastoral activities and way of life style have contributed mainly to resource depletion through watering of animals, animal treatment, pasture management, grazing of cattle, breeding and poor technology. All these were clearly seen on the water quality and quantity vegetation cover and type, palatability of the forage and pasture and also the quality and quantity of the animal products like milk, meat, and skin! hides. Erosion on the fields is clearly seen as was reported. In summary all the above issues could be there through natural processes but they have been catalyzed by the man’s intervention through applied modern technology of resource maximization and utilization to meet his/her needs! wants. Some of recommended mitigation measures are regulating, controlling the livestock marketing, numbers and movements.
The Effect of Pastoralism on the Natural Resource” Case Study of Kolloa Division of East Pokot District in Kenya.
(Kampala international University college of Humanities and Social Science, 2006-08) Kaptuya, L Nelson.
The part played by nomadic and pastoral communities that affect the pastoral resources in the ASAL area of Kolloa division, East Pokot district in the formally Baringo district in rift valley province in Kenya. The factors in question are like pastoral areas, some of the mitigation measures used before in the study area, and the possible recommendation to reduce the depletion of these pastoral resources in the ASAL areas. Methods used in collection of data are generally survey research design that includes questionnaires interview and photographs and direct observation and literature review. The findings came up clearly and strongly that some pastoral activities and way of life style have contributed mainly to resource depletion through watering of animals, animal treatment, pasture management, grazing of cattle, breeding and poor technology. All these were clearly seen on the water quality and quantity vegetation cover and type, palatability of the forage and pasture and also the quality and quantity of the animal products like milk, meat, and skin! hides. Erosion on the fields is clearly seen as was reported. In summary all the above issues could be there through natural processes but they have been catalyzed by the man’s intervention through applied modern technology of resource maximization and utilization to meet his/her needs! wants. Some of recommended mitigation measures are regulating, controlling the livestock marketing, numbers and movements.
Problems associated with agricultural systems in Lugoba Village, Bagamoyo District Tanzania
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2006-11) Dorice, Kamguna
This research study identifies the agricultural systems and their problems in Lugoba village. In the village the land is subjected to a number of activities among which agriculture is the most predominant. During the study a representative sample of 70 people was selected randomly since almost all the people in the village are farmers, selection was not hard. Data was collected using a series of methods which included observation, interviews, recording, questionnaire and use of secondary source of data. For analysis it was basically quantities and qualitative method some simple techniques that were used included, use of simple bar graph, tables as well as computable percentages. This helped to establish the relationship between various variables. From the analysis it is observed that factors like age, level of education, declining soil fertility and inadequate extension services have led to persistence of subsistence agriculture in Lugoba village. Therefore, the research recommended for provision of extension workers, sustainable organic farming, population control, and further research among others.
The role of human activities on wetland degradation: a case study of Murambi Wetland in Butare Parish, Ntungamo Sub County, Ntungamo District in Uganda
(Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2007-01) Boona, Ephraim B.
A research study on the role of human activities on wetlands degradation was undertaken on Murambi wetland, Butare parish, Ntungamo sub-county in Ntungamo district of western Uganda. The objectives of the study were to identify the different human activities being carried out around Murambi wetlands, to find out the effects of human activities on the wetland and to find out what has been done to minimize the impacts of human activities on Murambi wetland. The geographical scope of the study was limited to Murambi wetland. The methods used included the determination of the sample size. Data collection methods and instruments. The sample size was 60 respondents, drawn from the 6 villages which surround the wetland. The data collection methods were: - use of questionnaires and interview guide for the interview of key informants. Secondary data were collected through review of relevant literature. The study revealed that the main human activities being undertaken in and around Murambi wetland include; crop farming, papyrus harvesting, livestock grazing. Tree planting and the establishment of re-creational activities. Crop farming was found to be the most prevalent human activity, followed by papyrus harvesting. Establishment of re creational activities was found by the study to be the least practiced human activity on the wetland, leading to loss of Bio diversity and soil erosion. The study revealed that no effort has been done by either the local community or the local leadership or by the conservation agencies. The study therefore recommends a number of ways, which can be used to reduce the effects of the human activities on the wetland. These include: the creation of public awareness and the education on the importance of conserving wetlands, the reallocation of some human activities to areas away from the wetland and the implementation of wetland conservation policies and regulation
The role of rural communities in Soil Conservation: A case study of Nyamira District, Kenya.
(Kampala International University, College of Economics and Management Sciences ., 2007-06) Oteki, N. Linda
Accelerated soil erosion is one of the major constraints to agriculture. The objectives of this study were to find out the; the human activities causing soil degradation in the study area, to find out the conservation measures used by the communities and the level of awareness on soil conservation. Methods used included interviews, observation and photography as well as questionnaires. These associated activities have resulted in over grazing, erosion and even loss of soil fertility. The activities were found out to be cattle keeping, cultivation on slopes and stone quarrying which have led to overgrazing and soil erosion. Conservation measures by the community were found out to be strip farming, fallowing, mixed cropping, terracing, addition of manure and planting trees. Conclusions made were soil conservation is used but can’t apply because crop residues are regarded as feed for livestock while mulching is laborious. On the other hand low yields in the area are because of the limited amount of moisture available. There is need to have new techniques same as traditional practices which are easy to understand, apply and have low inputs. Recommendations were that farmers should be encouraged to divert water from external catchments into their farms, cultivate on places with inflow from external catchments especially in flat. lands. Considerable use of structures as exposed to vegetation should be applied as well as, bare fallows.

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