Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Community Health(DCM)

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Adherence and attitude towards oral iron and folic acid supplements among pregnant women attending maternal child health clinic of Kampala International Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi District, Uganda
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Ayesigye, Iran
INTRODUCTION: Adherence and attitude of pregnant women towards oral iron and folic acid supplements is the evaluation of compliance and knowledge of mothers towards IFA, which is a WHO recommended supplement for curbing iron deficiency anaemia. This is because anemia is the leading cause of maternal death. METHODS: A prospective crossectional survey was conducted among pregnant women attending MCH clinic in KIU-TH. The sample size of this study was determined using Yamane formula and data collected randomly through questionnaires, analysed using SPSS and tabulated in tables RESULTS: All pregnant women that participated in this research n=81, 81.5% had heard about the oral iron supplement while 18.5% had never heard about the oral iron supplement. Among those that had heard about it 95.5% took the supplement. However of those that took the supplement 34.9% were not compliant and major reason being forgetfulness with 59.1%.Majority of the mothers seemed to know the use of IFA with majority, 64.5% being aware that it prevented anaemia in both the mother and fetus and it was good for growth and development of the baby. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of non-compliance in supplement intake was observed due to forgetfulness and side effects encountered. Mothers who had follow up and high level of education were more compliant. Key words: IFA, MCH, adherence, attitude.
Anemia as a Prognostic Marker for Disease Progression in HIV Infection
(Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023) Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Getrude Uzoma Obeagu; Esther Ugo Alum; Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu
Anemia, a prevalent hematologic manifestation in individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, has garnered considerable attention as a prognostic indicator for disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes. This abstract presents a comprehensive review elucidating the intricate relationship between anemia and the progression of HIV infection, incorporating epidemiological trends, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), anemia remains a frequent complication in HIV infected individuals, posing substantial challenges to patient management. This paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of anemia's role as a prognostic marker, surpassing its conventional characterization as a hematologic abnormality in the context of HIV infection. Anemia's role as a predictive marker for adverse clinical outcomes in HIV patients is explored, encompassing increased mortality rates, heightened risk of opportunistic infections, accelerated disease progression, and compromised quality of life. The review delves into its prognostic significance, shaping therapeutic decisions and prognostic assessments. This paper encapsulates the criticality of anemia as a prognostic marker for disease progression in HIV infection. Understanding its epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and prognostic significance is pivotal for informed clinical decision-making, prognostic assessments, and optimizing care paradigms in HIV management.
Assesment of factor associated with alcohol abuse among youth aged (15-25) years in Acana-Taa Village, Aloi Sub-County, Alebtong District
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-08) Amongi, Stella
In Uganda, there is increasing trend in alcohol consumption where WHO ranked Uganda the leading consumer in the world. Studies among people staying in camps in war-torn areas in northern Uganda indicate that alcoholism is a common problem among the internally displaced populations, most consumers being men. This has been the major problem causing domestic violence, accidents and other causes of death in homes. General objectives. This study was conducted to assess the factors associated with alcohol abuse among youths aged (15-25) years in Acana-Taa village. Methods. This was a descriptive cross sectional study where data was collected using interviewers schedule with the help of questionnaires which guided on the study. It was then first analyzed manually using pens, papers, and calculators and later the computer used to present numerical data in tables. Results. This study found out that the associated factor to alcohol abuse among youths was majorly environmental like availability of alcohol, local breweries, persuasive advertisements etc followed by socio-economic factors like peer pressure, social norms, unemployment stress and bore doom among others. Meanwhile the major effects of alcohol abuse were in their heaths and economy. Conclusions and recommendations. Therefore it was concluded that availability of alcohol due to very many breweries and persuasive advertisements, social norms, unemployment, bore doom and peer pressure among others contributed more to alcohol abuse by the youths of this village. The government should therefore organize and fund health talk programmes and seminars to carry out community sensitization so as to improve on youths’ understandings about factor which lead to alcohol abuse and its effects on their lives Lastly government should put strict alcohol policy that will limit the age, level and time of drinking alcohol.
Assessment of care-takers knowledge, practice and attitudes in the management of diarrhea in children below five years in Nawampiti Parish
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Kalenzi, Stanley
Introduction: IN Uganda diarrhea is among the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Uganda had the highest number of under-five child deaths (145,000) in the world and is one of the 42 countries in the world that contribute about 90% of all under five childhood deaths in the world. Diarrhoea can occur as a symptom of many different illnesses, and as a side effect of some drugs. Objective: the study aimed at determining the knowledge practice and attitude that care takers have in managing of darrhoea in children five years of age and below as well as establishing the treatment given Method: data was collected from 75 people among the community by use of preceded response schedule, any child care taker of any sex and sex who was found in the home stead five years of age and consented to be interviewed was recruited in this study. the data was than analyzed Microsoft word, results presented in a table form and short comments were discussed Results: the mean age of respondents was 37 years; the majority of the respondents were females 96%. The largest population 41.3% had attained formal education, while at least 36% had primary level education. 40% percent of the respondents mentioned using ant diarrheal drugs and 40 percent of the care takers gave oral fluids instead of drugs. 90.7% of the mothers knew about ors but only 29% of these knew how to prepare it. 42.7% of others knew about sugar salt solution but only 9.4% could prepare it well. 96% of the respondents had positive attitude towards treatment while 46% did not believe in using traditional treatment. 25.3% believed in using both traditional and medical treatment medicine. 40% of the mothers believed that increased feeding Intensifies diarrhea Discussion: poor knowledge was associated with low education level, most respondents were house wives, and most population subsides on peasant farming and small scale trading hence poor knowledge including poor practice and knowledge and attitude were found in area of low social economic status than else where Conclusion: according to the findings, therefore the conclusion is that most respondents still lack adequate knowledge, appropriate practice and attitude about treatment of diarrhea in children
Assessment of factors associated with late antenatal care attendance among pregnant women at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Ishaka Bushenyi
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017) Ipulet, Benah
BACKGROUND. Early initiation of antenatal care visits is an essential component of services to improving maternal and new born health. The Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UBOS, 2007, UDHS, 2006) conducted in 2006 and Uganda Bureau of Statistics conducted in 2007 indicated that 94% of women in rural areas being twice less likely to attend ANC than the urban women, only 8% of rural women in Uganda received ANC from a doctor. However, detailed study to identify factors associated with late initiation of care has not been conducted in KIU-teaching hospital. The aim of this study is to assess the factors associated with late ANC care attendance and to determine the proportion of women who attend late to ANC in KIU-teaching hospital. Methods: The study design will be cross-sectional, the study Participants will be pregnant women, nurses, administrators doctors; it will be conducted at Kampala international teaching hospital for a period of one month. Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaire and interview method. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with late first ANC with the level of significance set at 0.056. Results: A total of 156 women participated in the study; 100 (64.1%) of them came for their first ANC visit late, after 12 weeks of gestation. Most common reasons for coming late for first ANC were financial constraints (38.5%, 60) and long distance to the hospital (34.5%, 45). Factors associated with late start of first ANC, Traditional beliefs (25, 22.9%), Myths and misconceptions (05, 14.3%), Ignorance (02, 11.4%), Age (04, (17.1%), Conclusion: About half of pregnant women do not start ANC early in the first trimester largely due to large family size, low monthly income and long distance to the hospital, age, alternatives, poor quality of services, harassments from health workers. Keywords: Antenatal care, Late ANC, focused groups, attendees.
Assessment of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa District, Eastern Uganda
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Mungoma, Derick
Introduction;Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. In this study, investigation was made among staff members assessing awareness of risks for hospital-acquired infections, available measures of infection control, how these measures are being applied and tried to strengthen these practices. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff members employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital with different education standards among which awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff members, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study only included those staff members who were at work during data collection period. Results: The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, Apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. Because there is awareness of infection control, practice and compliance to standard precautions are being influenced by factors such as lack of appropriate supplies and lack of accessibility to essential equipment or facilities. Recommendations: The researcher recommended Continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. He also encourage hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as measure of disinfection hands before or after handling a patient. Government should ensure continuous supply of equipment and protective clothings such as aprons, eye masks, and gloves in adequate quantities and quality. This provides safety of workers from contact with infectious agents. Hospital staff should emphasize waste management by providing bins for all types of waste produces and these may be placed in every ward to avoid scattering of waste.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of men towards accompanying their spouses for antenatal care at KIUTH Bushenyi District
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-04) Tusimire, Mercy
Back ground: Male involvement in reproductive health is a complex process of social, behavior emotional and psychological change that requires men to play more responsible role in reproductive health Males’ involvement in antenatal care through accompanying their spouses for antenatal care service has greatly reduced on mental mortality and mobility from pregnancy related complications. Significance of study: The study is aimed at .assessing the knowledge attitude and practices of men towards accompanying their spouses for antenatal care at KIUTH Bushenyi Uganda descriptive cross-section design quantize bin nature was used . Convenient sampling methods was employed to recruit sixty seven respondents Methods: Questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed manually. Results: 67.2% of respondents stated that there was need for men to accompany their spouses for antenatal care services. 32.8% stated that it was not necessary for men to accompany their spouses from antenatal care services Conclusion: The research concluded that most of the men knew the importance for escorting their spouses for antenatal care service but they did not know they benefited from the services offered and their roles as far as antenatal care service are concerned
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and prevalence of mothers towards exclusive breast-feeding at postnatal clinic of Kampala International University –Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi District
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017) Okwiri, Peter
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the practice of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, in addition to its continuation with the addition of supplementary foods until 2 years or more (World Health Organization, 2008). Aim: To assess the level of knowledge and attitude of mothers towards exclusive breast-feeding at postnatal clinic of Kampala International University –Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi District. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design. Results: According to the findings of this study, the biggest number of respondents 38(44.19%) were in the age bracket of 26-30 years, 44(51.16%) were Banyankore by tribe, 65(75.58%) were married, 49(56.98%) were employed while only a third reported not to have attended formal education. The prevalence of EBF among women in this study was (55.17%) and the practice was found more among those aged between 26-30 (47.37%) and 31-35 (53.33%), Baganda (80.00%), Banyoro (62.50%), single women (52.38%), non-employed (72.97%) and those who never attended formal education. Nearly half of the respondents 48.26% had knowledge about exclusive breast feeding while majority of women in this study (54.53%) had a negative attitude towards EBF where 91.86% of the women believed that EBF causes the breasts to become flat, while 22.09% believed that EBF causes respiratory tract infections for the baby and 67.44% of the women were comfortable with extra feeding other than breast milk for a child less than 6 months. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBF among women in this study was low and the practice was found more among those aged above 26 years, Baganda and Banyoro, single women, non-employed and those who never attended formal education. On average, nearly half of the respondents had knowledge about exclusive breast feeding while majority of women in this study had a negative attitude towards EBF. Recommendations: Increased sensitization of mothers through health education talks at the health facilities. In addition, similar studies should also be carried but covering larger sample sizes.
Assessment of the effects of environmental degradation in Ishaka Division, Bushenyi Municipality
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Komakech, Denis
INTRODUCTION; Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of natural resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. STUDY OBJECTIVE; The main objective of the study was to assess the effects of environmental degradation in Ishaka division, Bushenyi municipality. METHOD; A cross sectional study was employed for collecting information in the study areas whereby various parts of the study area were visited at a time. RESULTS;From the study which involved 396 participants.199(50.3%) participants agreed that deforestation is an effect of environmental degradation.210(53%) agreed that air pollution is an effect of environmental degradation.200(50.5%) participants agreed that water pollution is an effect of environmental degradation. 240(60.6%) participants agreed that water scanty is an effect of environmental degradation.160(40%) participants agreed that solid and hazardous waste exposure is a result of environmental degradation.212(53.5%) participants agreed that soil degradation is an effect of environmental degradation.150(37.8%) agreed that there was loss of biodiversity and 216(54.5%) agreed that there was atmospheric changes due to environmental degradation.197(50%) participants agreed that planting trees is one of the ways of conserving the environment.200(50.5%) participants agreed thatproper waste disposal is also one way of conserving the environment.213(54%) participants agreed that recycling of materials is also a way of conserving the environment. RECOMMENDATION;this study recommends more information environmental degradation provided to increase awareness and promote safe practice on land use. Also, more effort is required on community sensitization about the outcomes of destructive practices on the environment. CONCLUSION;From the study average number(more than 50%) of people know the effects of environmental degradation and more than 50% also know on how to conserve the environment but environmental degradation still remains a challenge in our country especially in rural communities despite the interventions put in place against it. These interventions have been negatively influenced by the people’s attitude and practices.
Assessment of the knowledge and practice of infection control among health workers at St. Daniel's Comboni Hospital
(Kampala International University, School of Health Sciences- Western Campus, 2017-07) Mumbere, Samuel
Background Compliance on the part of healthcare workers with standard precautions has been recognized as being an efficient means to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections. Such measures not only protect the patient, but also the HCWs and environment. Objective To assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control measures among Heath workers at Comboni hospital Methods The study was conducted at Comboni Hospital, Southwest Uganda .Cross-sectional study design was employed. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 36 health workers that were available at the time of the study. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel progran:uned. Results Health workers were fairly knowledgeable about infection prevention but ac!Ual practices "'ere far from acceptable. Conclusions/Recommendations Majority of health care workers' knowledge, attitude and practice toward standard precaution were not sufficient, favorable and safe enough to the expected standard. Strengthening and integrating universal precaution with routine serv ices through provision of training and introducing health care workers infection prevention standard of practice. protoco l. ru les. and regulation are recommended.
The assessment of urinary retention in adult male patients at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi District Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-12) Turyasingura, Enos
A comprehensive assessment of urinary retention in adult male patients who attended KIU-TH was conducted. To determine the number of adult male patients diagnosed with UR, to determine the risk factors of urinary retention among adult males who were diagnosed with urinary retention, to establish the management of urinary retention among adult males diagnosed with urinary retention at KIU-TH between august 2015 to august 2017. A retrospective and a descriptive study design was used, involving quantitative methods of data collection. Purposeful sampling technique was employed, where all adult males who attended KIU-TH between august 2015 and august 2017 were recruited in the study. From results out of 136 samples of adult male patients with UR, 63 (46.3%) had no UR and 73 (53.7%) had UR. Out of the 73 (53.7%) adult male patients, 52 (71.2%) with presented with AUR then 21 (28.8 %) of the people had CUR. Furthermore, of 73 (53.7%) of the adult male patients with UR, 19 (26.1%) was in 2015 from August to December, and 32 (43.8%) adult male patients were in 2016 January to December, and 22 (30.1%) adult male patients in 2017 between January to August. This was found more in elderly men between the age 60 to 89 years by 53 (72.6%) followed by, 40 to 60 years by 14 (19.2%), then 23 to 40 years by 6 (8.2%) patients. The risk factors UR were BPH, prostate cancer, urinary stricture, and others that included bladder tumors, and urethral traumas where BPH was the leading cause of UR with 45 (61.6%) patients , followed by 10 (13.7%) followed by urethral stricture and 5(6.8%) was due to other causes such as bladder tumors urethral trauma and paraphimosis. 26 (35.6%) people had UR were managed by urethral catheterization, 17 (23.3%) had UR managed by supra pubic catheterization, 23 (31.5%) had UR managed by surgery and 7 (9.6%) were managed by other measures like medication circumcision. In conclusion Results portrayed that although the management measures were available such urethral catheterization and surgery which were the most practice at KIU-TH, there remained high prevalence of UR which was more in the elderly adults commonest cause was BPH . All males above 60 years need to be assed and examined to rule out the causes of urinary retention for early management. It is also necessary to necessary that all males above forty years to be encouraged for BPH and early treatment of urinary tract infections to prevent outlet obstruction ant formation strictures respectively.
Associated factors with uptake of safe male circumcision in HIV prevention in males aged 15-35 in Bigando Ward, Kigulya Division, Masindi Municipality
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Birungi, Janet
Introduction This study was to determine Associated Factors with up Take of Safe Male Circumcision as Hiv Prevention in Males Aged 15-35 In Bigando Ward, Kigulya Division, Masindi Municipality. it was guided by the following Specific Objectives. To explore and describe the socioeconomic factors that influences the uptake of SMC adult males. To determine the knowledge of adult males on the importance of SMC as an HIV preventive strategy. To determine the perceptions of adult males towards SMC and To find out suggestions from the adult males the strategies that can be employed to increase the uptake of SMC in Masindi Municipality. Methods The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a study population of 384 and and the sample size was determine using Kish and Leshie’s formulae of sample size determination and it came to 117 however the response rate was 60. Results The findings revealed that; Knowledge was good as all the respondents, 60(100%) mentioned that they had heard about it mainly from the radios and health workers. Another factor that was hindering men from undergoing circumcision was their belief that is associated with complications, with 42(70%) saying so. The main complications mentioned were pain, 32(70%) and bleeding 22(52.4%). The attitude towards circumcision was fair with 38(63.3%) saying it was good against 4(6.7%) who said it was bad. Conclusion and recommendation It is recommended that; Health education of the respondents on the advantages of circumcision especially on the fact that it has protective effects against HIV as to faster positive behavior change, Government should possibly pay for all circumcision in private health facilities, Attitude towards SMC should be improved by regularly talking about in all public places like markets etc., The circumcision camps should improve on the privacy of the clients that turn up for circumcision, Promoting education of children in the study area so as to enhance a more literate population in the future, that is more likely to embrace circumcision.
Burden of puerperal sepsis and associated factors among mothers attending maternity ward in Ishaka Adventist Hospital Bushenyi District
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Ayen, Felix
Puerperal sepsis is the infection of the genital tract occurring at any time between the onset of the rupture of membranes or labor and the 42nd day postpartum in which fever and one or more of the following are present: pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, abnormal odour of discharge, and delay in the rate of reduction of size of the uterus(WHO, 2008). It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in most hospitals worldwide especially in developing world. AIM; The study was carried out in Ishaka Adventist hospital with the aim of identifying burden of puerperal of puerperal sepsis and associated factors among among mothers in the post natal ward. METHODS; A quantitative and qualitative cross sectional study was conducted where by the questionnaires was availed to Mothers in maternity ward to fill. RESULTS; in the results, most mothers were age between 25-29 and married. Out 70 mothers who was interviewed, only 8 mothers was diagnosed with puerperal sepsis and the major risk factors was; home birth 39(55.7%), socio economic factors is.ie. No money 26(37.1%), inadequacy of food during pregnancy 49(70%) and repeated vaginal examination 43(61.4%). Majority of mothers (59%) also believed that puerperal sepsis can lead to a serious complication like infertility, fallopian tube blockage, chronic pelvic pain, acute morbidities and death and 41% don’t know. CONCLUSION; majority of the respondents agreed that puerperal sepsis lead to the complication like chronic pelvic pain, infertility, acute morbidities, long term disabilities and the major risk factors was home delivery, inadequacy of food, socio economic factors and prolonged labor. Health workers also agreed that management of puerperal sepsis involved a multidisciplinary approach to achieve a good outcome. RECOMMENDATIONS; The following recommendations were put forward; encouraging mothers to deliver from the health facility, use of partograph by the health workers and further sstudies about the topic was also encouraged.
Description of factors associated with burn injuries among paediatric admited in surgical ward in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital In Bushenyi District Western Uganda
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-12) Epuwat, Remigio
The study was carried out in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi District western Uganda from January 2016 to December 2016 to determine the description of factors associated with Burn injuries among pediatric admitted in surgical ward. The admissions book on the surgical ward were reviewed and from the records department of KIUTH, the information was retrieved using a data collection sheet designed according to the specific objectives and the questionnaire. Collected data were tallied, and analyzed using SPSS. The data collected was presented in form of Frequency tables. Majority of the paediatric were within the age group of (3-5) years and the least were of age group (9-12). More too that many were females accounting to 63.6% and male accounted to 36.4%. Most of these paediatric were normal and under parental care. Many of the paediatrics home had (4-7) members and (1-3) members. Most of these families were from rural areas and most of the burns were scalds accounting to 50%, followed thermal burns accounting to 31.8%, electric burns were 11.4% and lastly chemical burns accounting to 6.8%. The depth of these burns were majorly partial accounting to 77.3% and mixed accounting to 22.7%. These injuries were mostly accidental and least were suicidal. Most of these burns were got from their parents’ home and many burns were acquired from kitchens. The burns were mostly on upper limbs of the body and lower limbs. Most of the parents delayed seeking medical attention since they took mostly these intervals that is (21-24) hours, (25-48) hours. In conclusion, the study finally found out that burns are important public health problem in Bushenyi especially in children 5 years and below where the description was highest and associated with the ruthlessness of clinical types and time of the burns. Many burns were scalds and thermal burns. It was further found that females were more likely to get burns than males. The need to study further the use of inappropriate first aid materials in burns in relations to short term outcomes would be highly required to inform the policy makers in the district on the outcome and thus develop a possible public health intervention in the community. Therefore the research recommend KIUTH, health workers and the district at large to deeply sensitize and employ health education of communities on measures to prevent burns especially in children.
Determinants of infant mortality rate among infants attending Ishaka Adventist Hospital in the months of april- july 2017 in Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi District
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Mugaaga, Paul
INTRODUCTION: Infant mortality is defined as the death of an infant before his or her first birthday, mainly caused by dehydration, diseases, congenital malformations and infections. AIM: The main objective was to establish the determinants of infant mortality in IAH in the months of April- July 2017, in Ishaka municipality in Bushenyi district. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to determine the determinants of infant mortality in the study area. RESULTS: Majority of respondent (98%) were female and among them, 25.5% reported to have lost at least an infant and most of these respondents (70%) were married while 5% was widowed and among these, 40% reported to have lost an infant. Religiously, majority of the respondents (80%) were Christians, while 13% were Muslim and 7% constituted other religions including paganism, which showed the greatest infant mortality rate (71.4%). Most of the respondents (65%) attained primary level of education while 5% did not go to school at all, and the highest Infant Mortality rate (40%) was reported among these. The respondents who reported to have had preterm births appeared to have a higher infant mortality rate (65%) than those who did not report preterm births. A higher Infant Mortality rate (32.2%) was realized among respondents who reported their infants to have had such co morbidities than those who didn’t report any co morbidities like malaria and also a higher Infant mortality rate (50%) was realized among infants who had not exclusively breastfed. Majority of respondents (80%) did not have children with birth defects while only 20% had children with birth defect, and a higher infant mortality rate of 70% was realized among these. CONCLUSION: Demographically, infant mortality rate is high among teenagers, the unemployed, the widowed, the pagans, and the uneducated. Direct determinants of infant mortality rate included preterm birth, birth defects, co morbidities and failure to breastfeed exclusively. Proximate determinants associated with infant mortality rate included teenage pregnancies, source of water, means of delivery and irregular immunization. RECOMMENDATION: Exclusive breast feeding for 6 month, mass immunization campaign up to grass root, intensive health education on health seeking behaviors and highlighting on dangers associated with risky behaviors and high quality monitoring and evaluation for quick action particularly for emergencies. There is also need for intersectional collaboration and initiation of income generating activities to boost their standards of living.
Duration of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers attending ANC at Rakai Hospital, Rakai District
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Nabimuli, Zulaika
Background: Breast feeding has numerous benefits for both the mother and the child including saving lives, improving child health among others. Despite the numerous known benefits of breast feeding, exclusive breast feeding among children under six months has remained below the 50% target of the World Health Assembly. Objectives: the study was aimed at determining the duration and factors associated with breast feeding among mothers attending ANC at Rakai District Hospital. Method: The study was cross-sectional involving administration of questionnaires to 112 mothers attending ANC at Rakai District Hospital. Results: 20.5% of the participants breastfeed their babies immediately, while 33.0% breastfeed after one hour. 58.0% of the participants breastfed exclusively for six months, 18.6% breast fed for less than six months. However, among those who breastfeed generally, 25.9% breast fed for 6-12 months, and 21.4% breastfed for 1-2 years. 90.1% of the mothers who had knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding and overall general breastfeeding, of whom 73.2% had attended ANC during pregnancy. Most of the mothers who breast fed had parity of greater than seven (32.1%), and had attained primary level education (41, 1%). Conclusion: The study shows that most mothers exclusively breastfed their babies for a period of less than six months, and overall breast feeding for less than two years. In this study the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and overall breastfeeding was directly associated with parity, maternal age, education level, antenatal service and knowledge of mothers on breastfeeding.
Evaluation of the use of antibiotics among patients attending dental clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Bagalana, George
Antibiotics are the most used medicines in dental practice (Lewis, 2008)and are used regularly for the management of oral and dental infection that originates from odontogenic infections (Dar-Odeh NS, et,al., 2010), however there is inappropriate use of antibiotics that result into gastrointestinal disturbances to fatal anaphylactic shock and development of resistance. Methods used The sampling was done at KIU-TH, employing simple random sampling; informed consent was sought from the patient and health workers at the dental clinic. Results obtained Signs and symptoms obtained in dental cases tooth ache at 43.16% was the most common symptom followed by painful chewing at 30.55% and others at 13.88%. the most used antibiotics were amoxicillin at 45.83%, metronidazole at 26.4%, clindamycin at 12.5% and others. The indications of antibiotics was majorly for odontogenic infections at 41.67% followed by prophylaxis of local infection like tumor surgery, tooth extraction at 33.33% and prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. Conclusion and Recommendations Some indications found in the study include odontogenic infections, non odontogenic infections, prophylaxis of infective endocarditis, prophylaxis of local infections where it also identifies common antibiotics used such as amoxicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin, macrolides, among them and also the symptoms such as painful chewing, fever, toothache and swollen gums which are tender. Appropriate antibiotic and prescription of antibiotics by dentists is urgently needed in view of the antibiotic resistance strains and occurrence of a biofilm of organisms in the oral cavity while combination therapy also works. Dental Infections, should first receive the appropriate local therapy with prevention which can sometimes be complemented with a systemic treatment with antibiotics. There is no literature to provide information about the antibiotic use at all levels.
Factors affecting household solid waste management in Ishaka Division, Bushenyi Ishaka Municipality
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Kisakye, Jackline Kiboigo
Introduction The overall goal of urban solid waste management is to collect, treat and dispose of solid waste generated by all urban population groups in an environmentally and socially satisfactory manner using the most economical means available. Objective To determine the factors affecting household solid waste management in Ishaka Division Bushenyi Ishaka municipality Methods The study was a cross-sectional study that used quantitative methods of data collection. The study was conducted in Ishaka Division, Ishaka–Bushenyi Municipality. The study population comprised of heads of selected households in Ishaka Division Bushenyi Ishaka municipality. A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the respondents. Filled-in questionnaires were checked for completeness and consistency of the responses. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel. Discussion Results from this study have shown that most respondents believe that providing public education could improve the waste management situation. Other studies done elsewhere have previously suggested that such awareness could increase participation in solid waste management initiatives(Zhuang etal., 2008). The major categories of solid waste generated in households were the easily biodegradable food remains followed by the non-biodegradable plastics then papers. This is in agreement with a study conducted by (Christen et al., 2014). The study also found out that crude damping was the most practiced method of waste disposal as opposed to better methods like segregation and composting. These findings are true as earlier noticed in a study conducted by (Mukui, 2013) in Nairobi. Conclusion Solid waste management practices such as storage and disposal practices in the division were unsatisfactory, and separation and composting were minimally practiced. Recommendations Recycling of waste should be encouraged by the division authorities‟ government. The authorities should also promote private sector waste management to enhance recycling of waste. There is a need for concerned authorities to engage residents of Ishaka Division to improve their practices in solid waste management such as waste separation and disposal.
Factors affecting immunisation status of children under one year attending immunisation services at Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-09) Mutesi, Jamirah
General objectives To assess the immunization status and factors affecting it among children under one year attending immunization services at Ishaka Adventist Hospital Bushenyi district. Specific objectives To determine the immunization coverage among children under one year towards the nine vaccine preventable diseases at Ishaka Adventist Hospital Bushenyi district. To determine the socio-demographic, maternal, child and health service factors affecting full immunization status of children under one year at Ishaka Adventist Hospital Bushenyi district.
Factors affecting menstrual hygiene among schoolgirls attending outpatient department at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Ishaka Bushenyi
(Kampala International University, School of Allied Health Sciences, 2017-07) Odongo, Joseph
Background: In the lives of girls and women, there is that adolescence stage marked by the onset of menstruation, onwards until menopause, reproductive health and menstrual hygiene are important aspects of their lives yet information, knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among school girls is inadequate with increasing challenges. Objective: Assessed factors affecting menstrual hygiene among schoolgirls aged (14-25) attending OPD KIU-TH in Bushenyi District. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was used to reveal the knowledge, practices, and challenges faced in managing menstrual hygiene among schoolgirls. Results: Study revealed; lack of awareness and knowledge whereby only (45%) had information on menstrual hygiene. Low practices of managing menstrual hygiene of which40% used pads, 90% of which used reusable pads and30% used high traditional materials as pads. Inadequate facilities, resources were among the great challenges affecting MH. Discussion: The study found out that, there was lack of awareness and knowledge concerning menstrual hygiene among school girls aged (14-25) years attending OPD-KIUTH with the highest peak among the young school girls. Further, it revealed low hygienic practices of managing menstrual hygiene among school girls because most girls who used pads used reusable pads and if not stored well result into infections. The high existence of lack of facilities and sanitary pads among schoolgirls to manage their menstruation hygienically was because of resource limitation. Conclusion and Recommendation: There is lack of knowledge, low practices and inadequate facilities to manage menstrual hygiene among schoolgirls and therefore stakeholders with full authorities should intervene in such problems.

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